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Changes of glaciation in the Sagarmatha National Park (Nepal) during the last 30 years

Midriak R.

Landform Analysis

2009

Vol. 10

85-94

Author, as a scientific participant of the first Czech-Slovak Expedition to the Mt. Everest in 1984, focuses on the glaciation in the Sagarmatha National Park (the Central Himalayas, Nepal) in 1978 (Fig. 1 and Table 1) and compares it with the present-day state. Despite overwhelming majority of the papers bearing data on the fastest retreat of the Mt. Everest’s glaciers it can be stated that obvious changes of the covering glaciers were not recorded in the Sagarmatha National Park (34.2% in the year of 1978 and 39.8% in the year of 2009). At present, for 59 sections of 18 valley glaciers (Nangpa, Melung, Lunag, Chhule, Sumna, Langmoche, Ngozumpa, Gyubanar, Lungsampa, Khumbu, Lobuche, Changri Shar, Imja, Nuptse, Lhotse Nup, Lhotse, Lhotse Shar andAma Dablam) their length of retreat during 30 years was recorded: at 5 sections from 267 m to 1,804m (the width of retreat on 24sections being from 1 m to 224m), while for 7 sections an increase in length from 12 m to 741 m was noted (the increase of glacier width at 23 sections being from 1 m to 198 m). More important than changes in length and/or width of valley glaciers are both the depletion of ice mass and an intensive growth of the number lakes: small supraglacial ponds, as well as dam moraine lakes situated below the snowline (289 lakes compared to 165 lakes in the year of 1978).

Stress pattern in two seismogenic sources in Nepal-Himalaya and its vicinity

Paudyal H., Singh H. N., Shanker D., Singh V. P.

Acta Geophysica

2008

Vol. 56, no. 2

313-323

The composite stereographic projection of orientations of the compression and tension axes using thirty-nine fault-plane solutions of earthquakes from two active seismogenic sources of Nepal and adjoining areas were examined and the nature of stress pattern and their influence on tectonics in the region have been studied. The seismogenic source located in Eastern Nepal region, which has been the site of 1934 Bihar-Nepal great earthquake of M 8.4, is presently experiencing N-S to NE-SW directed compressive stresses. The inferred pattern of compression axes in Western Nepal region suggests a shallow compressive stress, dipping N-S to NE-SW. Approximately similar nature of the stress regime is observed in Western and Eastern regions of Nepal, separated by nearly 700 km; it shows N-S to NNE-SSW direction of compression and underthrusting of the Indian Plate beneath the Himalaya at a shallow angle. Present study indicates that the stress is being released along the strikes of some of the transverse faults present in the region since the compressive stress exerted by the northward movement of the Indian Plate is approximately perpendicular to the Himalayan collision belt. Unilateral stress pattern generated by the northward movement of the Indian Plate in the central part of the Himalaya reveals that the present day collision occurs roughly perpendicular to the local strike of the Himalaya.