History of archaeological studies of the Early Medieval stronghold in Grzybowo, near Września in Central Great Poland has been presented and its role in the process of early Polish state formation has been discussed. The great size of the stronghold, its location in the settlement network of the Piast monarchy, the lack of open settlements in its vicinity, may suggest its special role, mainly as a military center.
Environmental conditions, animal and plant economy of the Early Medieval stronghold complex at Ostrów Tumski - and island on Warta river - have been discussed. The stronghold complex with the nearby open settlements, its role as a center of administration, church, and trade center have been considered as the early urban type of settlement. It finally developed into main economic and cultural center of western Poland - Poznań city.
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