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Possibility of Using Golden Shower (Cassia Fistula) and Poinciana (Delonix regia) Seeds Oil as Non-Conventional Feedstocks for the Production of Biodiesel in Egypt

Algharib Ahmed Mohamed, Abd El Hakim Ahmed Fawzy, El-Khamissi Haitham Ahmed, El-Hamamsy Sam Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

19--27

EN

The tree pods and seeds of Cassia fistula (CF) and Delonix regia (DR) were collected from the Faculty of Agriculture garden at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt, during the spring season of 2019. The physical and chemical aspects of pods and seeds were examined. The percentage of oil and fatty acid compositions were then investigated. The pod weights ranged from 61.34 g in DR to 89.29 g in CF, with pod lengths ranged from 42.26 cm (DR) to 62.64 cm (CF). InCassia fistula, the seed weight per pod, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of 100 seeds per pod were 12.29 g, 84, and 17.22 g, respectively; whereas in Delonix regia, they were 11.31 g, 23.5, and 34.25 g. The C. fistula had high levels of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total chlorophyll (1.016, 1.025, and 2.041 mg g-1 DW), while D. regia recorded the lowest levels (0.513, 0.228, 0.741 mg g-1 DW). The results also showed that the C. fistula leaves were also heavier than the D. regia leaves, weighing 14.96 g and 5.02 g fresh and dry weight for C. fistula and 10.06 g and 3.87 g fresh and dry weight for D. regia, respectively. The seeds of both plants were chemically tested, with percentages of Lipid, Moisture, Protein, Ash, Fibers, and Total Carbohydrates of 2.11, 10.79, 17.10, 4.95, 5.51, and 59.53 percent for Cassia fistula and 2.13, 6.52, 18.75, 0.37, 13.28, and 58.95 percent for Delonix regia, respectively. Eleven fatty acids were found in both plants seeds oil (lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, eliadic, linoleic, linolenic, gondoic, and behenic acid). A slight variation was noted in linoleic acid, which was the major component of both oils ranging from 52.17 (CF) to 54.77% (DR). The prediction of the iodine values resulted in 97.6 and 98.8 for Cassia fistula and Delonix regia, respectively, which is a promising model for the production of biodiesel in the future.

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Validated HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of sennoside A, sennoside B, and kaempferol in Cassia fistula Linn.

Bhope S. G, Kuber V. V, Nagore D. H

Acta Chromatographica

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2010

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Vol. 22, no. 3

481--489

EN

This paper describes a simple, precise, and accurate HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of sennoside A, sennoside B, and kaempferol in Cassia fistula whole plant extract. Chromatographic separation of the sample extract was performed on aluminium foil plates coated with silica gel 60 F 254 as stationary phase. The mobile phase was toluene-ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid 8:10:5:2 ( υ/υ ). Densitometric evaluation of the separated bands was performed at 270 nm. Sennosides A and B and kaempferol were satisfactorily resolved at R F 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.19 ± 0.05, and 0.81 ± 0.05, respectively. Recovery of sennosides A and B and kaempferol from Cassia fistula extract was 98.03, 98.74, and 99.08%, respectively. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, linearity (100–400 ng per band), and precision (instrument precision in the range 1.03–1.33 and method precision in the range of 1.31–1.75) in accordance with ICH guidelines.

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Validated HPTLC method for quantification of epicatechin in extracts of leaves of Cassia fistula Linn.

Nagore D. H, Ghosh V. K, Patil M. J, Wahile A. M

Acta Chromatographica

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2010

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Vol. 22, no. 2

259--265

EN

This paper describes a new, simple, precise, and accurate HPTLC method for quantification of (−)-epicatechin in the leaves of Cassia fistula . The leaves were separately extracted with methanol and water by both maceration and hot extraction (Soxhlet apparatus). Chromatographic separation of the drug was performed on aluminium foil silica gel 60 F 254 plates with toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-methanol 20:12:4:4 ( v / v ) as mobile phase. Densitometric evaluation of the separated zone was performed at 280 nm. Epicatechin in the extract was satisfactorily resolved with R F 0.22 ± 0.02. The accuracy and reliability of the method were assessed by evaluation of linearity (200–800 ng per band), precision (method precision RSD 1.42% and instrumental precision RSD 1.12%), accuracy (98.12%), and specificity in accordance with ICH guidelines.