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Trait Variability in the Rare Plant Species Arum alpinum in Carpathian Beech Forest Dentario glandulosae-fagetum (Western Carpathians, Poland)

Wójcik Tomasz, Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga

Polish Journal of Ecology

2020

Vol. 68, nr 1

23--36

The investigations of trait variability in Arum alpinum were conducted in 2016-2017 in two Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum patches (Chełm Mountain Reserve, Western Carpathians). Patch I (510 m a.s.l.) was located on a sharp steep slope and dominated by plant species with oblong leaves, whereas Patch II (400 m a.s.l.) was situated at the bottom of a wide ravine densely overgrown by species forming broad leaves. The height of plants growing in vicinity of A. alpinum in both study sites was rather similar, whereas the soil reaction and humidity were much higher in Patch II. Despite the different habitat conditions, the abundance of both A. alpinum populations was similar. The length of leaf petioles, dimensions of leaf blades, as well as the number of leaves per rosette were significantly greater in Patch I. The dimensions of leaves and flowering stems of individuals growing in Patch I were greater in 2016 than in 2017. The length of infructescences and number of fruits in both populations did not show either spatial or temporal variability. Moreover, the positive correlations between length of the highest leaf petiole and the dimensions of leaf blade, as well as between the height of the flowering stems and number of fruits and length of infructescence were noticed. Our results providing interesting data about of the spatio-temporal variability in A. alpinum traits in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum patches reveal the need for this type of research in other plant communities.

Lumbricidae Biodiversity at the Sites in Bieszczady Mountains (Poland) After 25 Years

Kostecka J., Mazur-Pączka A., Pączka G., Garczyńska M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2018

Vol. 19, nr 2

125--130

Soil degradation is caused by geological, climatic and biological factors, as well as human activities. One kind of degradation involves loss of soil biodiversity as a result of global environmental changes. A study on earthworms was carried out near Ustrzyki Górne in the Bieszczady Mts (Poland), on a monthly basis, in 1986–1987 and 2009–2010 at various sites within the Carpathian beech forests (Fagetum carpaticum). During the years 1986–1987, a total of 13 species of earthworms were found: 6 species on site I, 8 species on site II, and 9 species were recorded within the site III. The highest abundance, i.e. 11 species was found on site IV. The study, which revisited the same locations in 2009–2010, identified only 10 species. In sites I, II and III, 7 earthworm species were found in each, and in site IV –10 species. The authors also investigated the factors endangering the fauna of earthworms in the Bieszczady Mountains, and following the example set by other countries which had made attempts to introduce earthworms into the red lists of the threatened species, it was proposed that such a procedure should be adopted for the endemic species O. transpadanus. It was also observed that specimens of L. terrestris had penetrated the natural areas of the National Park.

Analiza wypełnienia leśnej przestrzeni na podstawie modeli typu CAD

Chirrek M., Strzeliński P., Wencel A., Sugiero D., Węgiel A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2008

T. 6, z. 4

27-34

The filling of forest space should be defined by a set of synthetic indicators describing structural and dynamic features. The utilization of these indicators in forest sciences, such as forest management or forest nurcery could help in research of development processes in forests. This is necessary in planning the activity related to forest management and protection, in particular . to forest regeneration, maintenance and utilization. An attempt to analyze the filling of forest space was taken in 2007. The experimental material was collected from 50 circular test plots located in the community of fertile Carpathian beech forests in lower-mountain zone of Bieszczady National Park. The results of measurements were imported to AutoCAD 2007 software that was used for spatial analyses. The range of works in the field included measurements of many different structural features in all plant layers of the stand. Moreover, on all test plots azimuths of each tree, as well as distance from the center of the plot to all trees from old-tree layer were measured. These measurements were used for spatial analyses of the distribution of trees in forest space. Area of one tree is contained at a range of 7,69.50,00 m2 and on most test plots it did not deviate very much from the average value (18,13 m2). Average space of one tree amounted to 475,17 m3. On plots in the younger development phases, where there were more trees with small dimensions, value of space of one tree amounted to ca. 120 m3. Besides, random spatial type of distribution of trees dominated on most plots (72%) and not many cases pointed at group distribution. In this study, some indicators were suggested to make forest space characteristics possible. Determination of these parameters may serve analyses of the structure of forest space within the stand. In the future, the indicators can provide some important hints in forest silvicultural and management planning. Further research is needed related to spatial analysis in order to create the synthetic indicators describing structural and dynamic features of all types of stands.