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Mycobiota of Dead Ulmus glabra Wood as Breeding Material for the Endangered Rosalia alpina (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae)

Bartnik Czesław, Michalcewicz Jakub, Ledwich Dominika, Ciach Michał

Polish Journal of Ecology

2020

Vol. 68, nr 1

13--22

The presence in wood of saprotrophic fungi is crucial for xylophagous insects, as they modify its chemical composition, moisture content and structure, and thus govern the survival and growth rate of larvae. Little is known about the mycobiota colonising the breeding material of saproxylic species. This paper focuses on the mycobiota of dead wych elms Ulmus glabra as breeding material for the endangered Rosalia alpina. Fungal isolates from wood fragments of the breeding material were identified using molecular techniques. A total of 24 taxa of wood-decay fungi were found (16 Ascomycota, 6 Basidiomycota, 1 Zygomycota, 1 unidentified) – saprotrophs and facultative parasites, saprotrophic fungi, fungal parasites and tree parasites. Six taxa were isolated from both the surface and deeper layers of the wood, and also from the wood dust and frass left in R. alpina foraging sites: Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium sp., Hypoxylon macrocarpum, Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum, Sistotrema brinkmannii and Stereum hirsutum. These fungi may be crucial in enabling R. alpina to colonise dead or dying trees and affect its larval development. Ph. fraxinopennsylvanicum, H. macrocarpum and Daldinia childiae are reported for the first time from Poland.

Brown Bear Winter Feeding Ecology in the Area with Supplementary Feeding — Eastern Carpathians (Slovakia)

Štofík J., Merganič J., Merganičová K., Bučko J., Saniga M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2016

Vol. 64, nr 2

277--288

We performed snow tracking of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the area of the Eastern Carpathians affected by supplementary feeding during the winter periods from 2007 to 2013. On each snow track we recorded all food habits and collected all scats. From these data we calculated occurrence frequency of food habits on snow tracks, occurrence frequency, volumetric proportion and energy values of food items in scats. We revealed that: i) the most frequent food source on snow tracks was corn from supplementary feeding places for ungulates (FOST = 64%); ii) crops for ungulates was the most important food group found in scat samples of bears (EDEC = 61%, EDECST = 53%); iii) the analysis of the inter-seasonal (late autumn, winter and early spring) changes in winter bear diet based on scat analyses revealed decreasing importance of hard mast and fruit, and increasing importance of invertebrates, herbs and wood biomass and crops for ungulates from autumn to spring; iv) bears searched for food at lower elevations in comparison to the location of their beds which are situated at higher elevations. Winter bear activity and bear diet was affected by supplementary feeding for ungulates.