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The Belemnitella stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian : basal Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula section, central Poland

Remin Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 4

783--813

EN

This taxonomy and stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian Belemnitella lineages, from the Middle Vistula sections, based on new collections, is presented. The correlation to the basal Maastrichtian standard GSSP at Tercis, France, is provided based on inoceramid bivalve stratigraphy. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), particularly the self-organizing Kohonen algorithm, was applied to taxonomic discrimination. Eight morphotypes within the genus Belemnitella, understood here as natural species populations, were recognised. Five of these are assigned to known taxa: Belemnitella mucronata, B. posterior, B. minor [= B. minor I and B. minor II], B. langei and B. najdini; and three, B. sp. a, B. sp. 1 and B. sp. 2, are left in open nomenclature. Four Belemnitella zones are proposed. Due to its palaeogeographic position, between Western and Eastern Europe, the Middle Vistula section is characterized by the co-occurrence of Belemnitella species from those two areas. Consequently, it enables better correlation of Belemnitella-based schemes; the East European B. najdini and B. posterior are placed next to West European B. minor chronospecies I and II. The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary, as currently defined, is placed at the top of the najdini – posterior Zone, which is an equivalent of the Belemnella-based boundary, i.e. at the base of the Belemnella obtusa / Belemnella vistulensis zones. Within the top of the najdini – posterior Zone occurs a level (an interval of only a few metres), where nearly all of the Upper Campanian Belemnitella disappear. This level coincides with taxonomic changes observed within the co-occurring representatives of genus Belemnella.

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Magnetostratigraphy of the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary succession from the Middle Vistula River section, Central Poland

Plasota T., Nawrocki J., Walaszczyk I.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 4

831--842

EN

The magnetic polarities of the upper Upper Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian interval of the Middle Vistula River composite section (central Poland), were studied. Sixty-six hand-oriented samples for palaeomagnetic studies were taken from the sections of Raj, Raj North, Podole, Kłudzie and Dziurków. The inter-correlation between them is based primarily on bio-events. The sampled rocks generally revealed a very weak magnetic signal, however quite reliable results were obtained. The whole interval studied, well constrained biostratigraphically, is referred to magnetostratigraphic chron C32n. The Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary, placed biostratigraphically in the upper part of the ‘Inoceramus’ redbirdensis inoceramid Zone, is located near the top of the C32n2n Subchron. Thin reversed polarity intervals in the rocks correlated with the C32n2n chron most probably result from their partial remagnetization (maghemitization).

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Foraminiferal bioevents in the upper Campanian to lowest Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula River section, Poland

Peryt D., Dubicka Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 4

814--830

EN

The Upper Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian interval of the Middle Vistula River Valley section records the following benthic foraminiferal bioevents in ascending stratigraphical order: LO of Globorotalites michelinianus, FO and LO of Globorotalites emdyensis (=G. hiltermanni), FO of Bolivina incrassata, FO of Bolivinoides miliaris, FO of Angulogavelinella gracilis (=A. bettenstaedti), LO of Gavelinella monterelensis, FO of Osangularia navarroana, FO of Bolivina decurrens and FO of Neoflabellina reticulata. These events are recorded in very similar stratigraphic positions in the Lägerdorf-Kronsmoor succession (northern Germany) and in the succession of eastern England and, at least some of them, in eastern Europe. Accordingly they can serve as important markers for stratigraphic correlation across Europe. The FOs of the planktonic species, Rugoglobigerina milamensis, R. hexacamerata and R. pennyi, in the uppermost part of the “Inoceramus” redbirdensis Zone,are very close to the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary as defined by inoceramid bivalves (Walaszczyk, 2004) and we propose these planktonic foraminiferal bioevents as a good proxy for this boundary in temperate regions.

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The Belemnella stratigraphy of the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary; a new methodological and taxonomic approach

Remin Z.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 4

495-533

EN

The taxonomy and stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian belemnites from the Vistula (central Poland) and Kronsmoor (northern Germany) sections are revised on the basis of new collections from the Vistula section as well as a reinvestigation of the classic collection of Schulz from the Kronsmoor section. For the taxonomic description a new biometric procedure is proposed, which can be applied to both the genera Belemnella and Belemnitella. For the species-level taxa recognition the Artificial Neural Networks method, the self-organizing Kohonen algorithm, was implemented. This new taxonomic and methodological approach enabled the recognition of nine species of the genus Belemnella. Five of them can be assigned to the existing species B. lanceolata, B. longissima, B. inflata, B. obtusa and B. vistulensis. However, the species concept differs from that applied by Schulz (1979). As a consequence, the stratigraphic ranges of these species are modified. Four species are left in open nomenclature and represent possibly new species. Future studies may reveal that they might be assigned to East European forms from Ukraine or Russia. The species of Belemnella recognized are placed into the stratigraphic framework based on the standard ammonite and inoceramid bivalve zonations, especially those recognized in the Vistula section. The newly proposed belemnite zonation for the Vistula and Kronsmoor sections is correlated via inoceramids with the standard GSSP at Tercis, France, in order to identify the base of the Maastrichtian Stage. The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary as defined in Tercis is placed here at the base of the newly defined B. obtusa and B. vistulensis Zones ["obtusa/vistulensis"] - thus it is markedly higher than the traditional boundary based on the FAD of representatives of the genus Belemnella - This new boundary coincides well with a distinct turnover of belemnite guard morphology and represents one of the most important points in the early evolutionary history of Belemnella. Three belemnite zones defined by their lower boundaries are recognized in the Campanian/Maastrichtian interval, in addition to three subzones recognized within the B. obtusa Superzone. The B. lanceolata and B. inflata zones as understood here are referred to the Upper Campanian [Tercis definition]. The B. obtusa Zone is subdivided into three subzones, viz.: Belemenlla vistulensis, Belemnella sp. G and Belemnella sp. F, which are referred to the Lower Maastrichtian [Tercis definition]. The fast evolving species of Belemnella enable the proposal of a biostratigraphic scheme with a resolution that is higher than those based on inoceramid bivalves and ammonites - the longevity of a belemnite zone could be as low as 200Ky.

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Integrated stratigraphy of the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary succession of the Middle Vistula River (central Poland) section; introduction

Walaszczyk I.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 4

485-493

EN

The Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary interval of the Middle Vistula River valley section (central Poland) represents a continuous, lithologically monotonous, fossiliferous succession, with a good stable isotope and palaeomagnetic signal. It yields all the biostratigraphically critical macro- and microfossil groups: ammonites, belemnites, inoceramid bivalves, foraminifera, nannofossils and dinoflagellates. Additionally, it is located in the transitional zone between the Boreal and Tethyan biogeographic provinces, as well as between the western and eastern biogeographic areas of Europe. The section supplements the data on the interval acquired recently from the basal Maastrichtian stratotypic section in Tercis, south-west France, and from the interval reference section in Kronsmoor, northern Germany.

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Hexactinellid sponge assemblages across the Campanian.Maastrichtian boundary in the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland

Świerczewska-Gładysz E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 4

561-580

EN

The sponge fauna from the Upper Campanian.lowermost Maastrichtian succession of the Middle Vistula River valley (central Poland) is represented mainly by dictyid hexactinellid sponges (Hexactinosida and Lychniscosida). Their greatest abundance and taxonomic variability is noted in the "Inoceramus" inkermanensis Zone (Upper Campanian), and they are less diverse in the overlying (Upper Campanian) Trochoceramus costaecus Zone and lower "Inoceramus" redbirdensis Zone. In the upper "Inoceramus" redbirdensis Zone (basal Maastrichtian in the sense of the Tercis rather than the Boreal definition) they are extremely rare. With the beginning of the Maastrichtian the number of dictyid sponges gradually increases. The observed changes in the abundance and taxonomic variability of the dictyid sponges indicate environmental changes in the latest Campanian.earliest Maastrichtian sea in the area. It seems that changes in basin bathymetry, confined to eustatic sea-level changes in the latest Campanian and early Maastrichtian, were the most important factor. Progressive shallowing of the basin in the latest Campanian drastically restricted the development of dictyids. In the peak regression, the sea level could have fallen to only several tens of metres. The gradual recovery of the sponge assemblages correlates with subsequent deepening of the basin with the start of the Maastrichtian.

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Early representatives of the belemnite genus Belemnella (Cephalopoda) from the uppermost Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland

Keutgen N., Remin Z., Walaszczyk I.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 4

535-559

EN

Representatives of the belemnite genus Belemnella from the uppermost Campanian and lowermost Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula River Valley section (central Poland) have been studied, using the species concept proposed by Schulz in 1979. Results have been compared to a recently proposed new interpretation of the genus Belemnella based on artificial neural networks, as put forward by Remin in 2007 and 2012. In the interval studied, four taxa have been recognised: Bln. longissima, Bln. inflata, Bln. obtusa and Bln. vistulensis, the last-named being a senior synonym of Bln. pseudobtusa. Three additional forms have been left in open nomenclature: Bln. cf. lanceolata, Bln. ex gr. lanceolata/inflata and Belemnella sp. Based on their documented vertical ranges, three Belemnella standard zones, as originally distinguished in the Kronsmoor section by Schulz (1979), northern Germany, have been defined, in ascending order: the Bln. lanceolata, Bln. vistulensis and Bln. obtusa zones. The bases of the lanceolata and obtusa zones in the Middle Vistula River Valley section can be directly correlated with the same zones at Kronsmoor, and appear to be isochronous within limits of stratigraphic resolution. The base of the vistulensis Zone (Bln. vistulensis according to the species concept of Schulz in 1979), however, is probably diachronous, being older in the Middle Vistula section. Although Schulz's and Remin's species concepts differ quite considerably, they do result in similar stratigraphic subdivisions of the Kronsmoor and Middle Vistula River sections.

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Inoceramids and inoceramid biostratigraphy of the Upper Campanian to basal Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland

Walaszczyk I.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 1

95-168

EN

The revised geological log and the biostratigraphy of the Late Campanian and earliest Maastrichtian succession of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland, are presented. The biostratigraphy is based on inoceramid fauna, basically newly collected. Eight inoceramid zones were distinguished, corresponding, in ammonite/belemnite terms, to an interval from the upper Bostrychoceras polyplocum Zone up to the traditional Belemnella occidentalis Zone. From bottom upwards these are zones of: Cataceramus subcompressus, "Inoceramus" tenuilineatus, Sphaeroceramus pertenuiformis, "Inoceramus" altus, "Inoceramus" inkermanaensis, Trochoceramus costaecus, "Inoceramus" redbirdensis, and of Endocostea typica. The inoceramid assemblages allow a precise correlation with critical sections in Europe, as well as trans-Atlantic correlation to the US Western Interior. The traditional base of the Maastrichtian falls at the base of the Trochoceramus costaecus Zone, whereas the 'Tercis basal Maastrichtian boundary' may fall as high as lower Belemnella sumensis Zone. Based on the correlation to the US Western Interior, a subdivision of the Upper Campanian into Middle and Upper substages is suggested. The boundary between the Middle and the Upper Campanian substages may be defined by the base of the "Inoceramus" tenuilineatus Zone, which in ammonite terms, corresponds to the base of the Didymoceras donezianum Zone (=top of the Bostrychoceras polyplocum Zone). Thirty one inoceramid species level taxa are described, of which "Inoceramus" smirnovi nom.nov. is a replacement name; 10 species are left in open nomenclature. Inoceramids of the Middle Vistula succession represent a uniform fauna characteristic of the whole Euramerican biogeographical region.

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Late Campanian and Early Maastrichtian ammonites from the white chalk of Kronsmoor (northern Germany) - taxonomy and stratigraphy

Niebuhr B., Esser K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2003

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Vol. 53, nr 4

257-281

EN

Hypophylloceras (Neophylloceras) velledaeforme (Schluter, 1872), Anagaudryceras lueneburgense (SCHLUTER, 1872), Saghalinites wrighti BIRKELUND, 1965, Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) neubergicus (VON HAUER, 1858), Menuites cf. wittekindi (SCHLUTER, 1872), Diplomoceras cylindraceum (DEFRANCE, 1816), Baculites vertebralis LAMARCK, 1801, Baculites knorrianus DESMAREST, 1817, Acanthoscaphites tridens (KNER, 1848), and Hoploscaphites constrictus (J. SOWERBY, 1877) are described for the first time from Kronsmoor, the only continuous Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary succession of northern Germany. Combined with the slightly younger section at Hemmoor (30 km SW of Kronsmoor), thirteen ammonites species in all are known to date from the Maastrichtian. The material studied comprises species from the Upper Campanian Belemnitella langei to the Lower Maastrichtian Belemnella sumensis zones. Three species (Baculites vertebralis, Baculites knorrianus, Hoploscaphites constrictus) occur earlier here than elseswhere (e.g. Denmark). Menuites cf. wittekindi, formerly known only from the Nostoceras polyplocum Zone (Upper Campanian), occurs in the Belemnella lanceolata Zone at Kronsmoor. Pachydiscus neubergicus and Diplomoceras cylindraceum, two of twelve markers for the base of the Maastrichtian at Tercis (GSSP, southwestern France), have their first occurrences at Kronsmoor significantly above that of Belemnella lanceolata, the belemnite marker for the base of the stage. Compared with Tercis, were the stage boundary was recommended between the FOs of both ammonite species, the Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary at Kronsmoor seems to be located within the Belemnella pseudobtusa Zone. Thus, the first occurrence of the genus Belemnella is of Late Campanian age, appearing c. 540 ky earlier than the base of Maastrichtian as defined at the GSSP at Tercis.