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Asymmetric Warfare – not every war has to end?

Petener Z.

Security and Defence Quarterly

2016

Vol. 11, No. 2

30--44

The study of warfare, throughout its history, as well as efforts to legally regulate the resort to war and the conduct of war, were concentrated exclusively on one form of warfare - interstate conflict. Only since the terrorist attacks on Washington and New York in 2001 and the following ‘Global War on Terrorism’ has a discussion on a potentially new kind of warfare - asymmetric warfare - moved into the spotlight. Despite all the scientific attention, the concept of asymmetric warfare remains undefined or ill-defined until today, resulting in a proliferation of its use and limiting its value. Hence, restraint in the use of the term is necessary, in order to reinforce its analytical value and applicability. Defining asymmetric warfare as a conflict among opponents who are so different in their basic features that comparison of their military power is rendered impossible, is such an attempt to limit the term to a substantially new form of warfare, witnessed in a conflict that is often commonly called the Global War on Terrorism. The past two years, since the upsurge of the so-called Islamic State to the forefront of the salafi jihadi movement, have witnessed a significant change in this war. Superficial analysis could lead to the conclusion that the proclamation of the Islamic Caliphate on the territories of Iraq and Syria (for now) seems to have recalibrated this conflict into traditional inter- state war again, making the concept of asymmetric warfare obsolete and diminishing it into just a short-term aberration in the history of warfare. Nothing could be further from the truth. The enemy in the Global War on Terrorism was and remains a global and territorially unrestricted ideological movement whose numbers cannot even be estimated, which fights its battles wherever it chooses to, and whose ultimate goal is the annihilation of the international system of sovereign states, not the creation of a new state within this system. The Islamic Caliphate in its current boundaries is nothing more than the “model Islamic state”, as envisioned by Osama bin Laden in his 1996 fatwa as part of Al Qaeda’s 200 year plan for the establishment of God’s Islamic World Order. This grand strategy is the guiding blueprint of the salafi jihad that is waged against the Westphalian state system in a war that is truly asymmetric. We have to adjust to this strategic asymmetry if we are to prevail in this struggle, fighting a long war against an indefinable enemy on battlefields that are still unknown.

Reakcja społeczności międzynarodowej na zagrożenia działaniami Państwa Islamskiego

Banasik M.

Kwartalnik Bellona

2015

Nr 2

54--69

W ostatnich latach zauważa się większą aktywność organizacji terrorystycznych o podłożu religijnym. Groźne są zwłaszcza ekstremistyczne ugrupowania islamistyczne. Pierwszoplanową rolę zaczyna odgrywać Państwo Islamskie. W 2014 roku zajęło części terytoriów w Iraku i Syrii, a zamierza opanować Bliski Wschód i Afrykę Północną oraz część Europy. Terroryzm stał się problemem nie tylko poszczególnych państw, coraz częściej przybiera wymiar globalny. W walce z globalnym terroryzmem niezbędna jest konsolidacja wysiłków wspólnoty międzynarodowej. Rozumiejąc skalę zagrożenia, wiele krajów aktywnie włączyło się w działania koalicji przeciwko dżihadystom z Państwa Islamskiego. Poszczególne kraje podejmują również inicjatywy nowelizacji prawa zmierzające do przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom terrorystycznym.

In the recent years, the increase in activity of terrorist organizations with religious background has been noticeable. Particularly menacing are the extremist Islamic groups. The Islamic State plays a crucial role here, in 2014 it occupied part of Iraq and Syria’s territories, and is going to occupy the Middle East, North Africa and part of Europe. Terrorism has become a problem not only for individual countries, it is going global. In the fight on global terrorism, it is essential to consolidate international efforts. Many states understand the problem, and actively participate in activities against the jihadists of Islamic State. They also take initiatives in amending law to counteract terrorist threats.