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New data on Caledonian, Alpine-style folding in the Holy Cross Mts., Poland

Znosko J.

Geological Quarterly

2001

Vol. 45, No 2

155-164

There has been a century-long debate on the nature of the major orogeny in the Holy Cross Mts. Some research workers consider that they were folded during the Variscan orogeny, and that Caledonian movements were responsible only for the formation of mesostructures. Others provide evidence for great folding movements and detachments, suggesting that strong Caledonian compression formed or "squeezed out" Ordovician-Silurian synclines; they consider Variscan deformation to be of platform-type. Laramide and Late Alpine platform-type faults also deformed the Holy Cross Mts. Ordovician haematites show 3 generations of folds in the Brzeziny Syncline, showing it to be over 250 m in amplitude. This structure is thus not a mesostructure but a large-scale structure formed as a result of orogenic compression. The Devonian-Carboniferous cover shows a platform tectonic style. Differences in style between the folded Cambro-Silurian basement and the unconformably overlying Devonian-Carboniferous sedimentary cover are great and cannot be explained in terms of different rock competence. These tectonic relationships are supported by borehole and geophysical evidence. The Caledonian faulting style is identical in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mts. and the northern Łysogóry area. Laramide and Late Alpine stresses are likely related to Atlantic ocean-floor spreading; stresses acting on the crystalline margin of the East European Craton rejuvenated tectonic lineaments in the Holy Cross Mts. and deformed the Devonian-Cenozoic cover throughout the Polish Lowlands.

Nowe, nieznane dane o kaledońskich - alpinotypnych fałdowaniach w Górach Świętokrzyskich

Znosko J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2000

Vol. 48, nr 5

401-408

W Archiwum Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego znajduje się opracowanie Kieleckiego Przedsiębiorstwa Geologicznego, Oddział w Częstochowie. Dotyczy ono rozpoznania w latach 1960-1961 złoża hematytu w "łusce" ordowickiej Brzezin. Wyniki złożowe są negatywne. Naukowa wartość rozpoznanej bardzo dokładnie synkliny ordowickiej jest nie do przecenienia. Na podstawie wykonanych szybów, chodników, wierceń - w tym i skośnych, rowów badawczych, sond ręcznych i badań elektrooporowych rozpoznano znakomicie budowę synkliny ordowickiej i etapy jej formowania. Stanowi ona niepodważalny dowód o orogenicznych fałdowaniach kaledońskich w Górach Świętokrzyskich.

In the Archive of the Polish Geological Institute there is a report by the Kielce Geological Enterprise, Częstochowa Branch. It concerns the prospection of the haematite ore deposit in the Ordovician "slice " at Brzeziny village, Holy Cross Mts., during the years 1960-1961. Although economical results are negative the scientific value of the very detailed description of the Ordovician syncline is difficult to overestimate. Basing on investigations of shafts, galleries, drillholes, including inclined ones, trenches, hand-drilled boreholes and electrical surface survey it was possible to achieve an excellent recognition of the Ordovician syncline and its developmental stages. It represents an indisputle proof of an orogenic Caledonian folding in the Holy Cross Mts.