Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Role of materials design in maintenance engineering in the context of industry 4.0 idea

Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 96, nr 1

12--49

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the issues of designing the maintenance of materials and products in accordance with the idea of Industry 4.0. The author's views on the need for augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model were also presented, as well as the author's original concept that hybrid activities in predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance should be preceded by designing material, maintenance & manufacturing 3MD at the stage of the product's material designing and technological designing. The 3MD approach significantly reduces the frequency of assumed actions, procedures and resources necessary to remain the condition of this product for the longest possible time, enabling it to perform the designed working functions. Examples of own advanced research on several selected, newly developed materials, used in very different areas of application, confirmed the validity of the scientific hypothesis and the relationship between the studied phenomena and structural effects and the working functions of products and their maintenance and indicated that material design is one of the most important elements guaranteeing progress production at the stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Design/methodology/approach: The author's considerations are based on an extensive literature study and the results of the author's previous study and empirical work. Each of the examples given required the use of a full set of research methods available to modern material engineering, including HRTEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Findings: The most interesting intellectual achievements contained in the paper include presentations of the author's original concepts regarding the augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model, which has been distributed so far, which not only requires augmentation but is actually only one of the 4 elements of the technology platform of the extended holistic model of current industrial development, concerning cyber-IT production aided system. The author also presents his own concept for designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD already at the stage of material and technological design of the product, eliminating many problems related to product maintenance, even before they are manufactured and put into exploitation. Detailed results of detailed structural researches of several selected avant-garde engineering materials and discussion of structural changes that accompanying their manufacturing and/or processing are also included. Originality/value: The originality of the paper is associated with the novelty of the approach to analysing maintenance problems of materials and products, taking into account the requirements of the contemporary stage of Industry 4.0 development. The value of the paper is mainly associated with the presentation of original issues referred to as findings, including the concept of augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model and the introduction and experimental confirmation of the idea by designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD.

2

Determination of tool life and research wear during duplex stainless steel turning

Krolczyk G. M., Nieslony P., Legutko S.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 15, no. 2

347--354

EN

The purpose of the study is to determine the coated carbides tool life and the tool point surface topography. The study determined the cutting conditions in the process of turning duplex stainless steel (DSS), and detailed identification of wear mechanisms occurring on the rake face and major flank. The results of wear occurring on both tool points were compared with the width of the flank wear in relation to the period of the steady-state wear of the tool point. Occurrences of various mechanisms have been proven, such as abrasive wear and adhesion wear. Where machining without the use of a cooling lubricant occurred, longer tool life has been determined as well as a greater resistance to abrasive wear of the tools which were coated with Al2O3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used for the wear analysis.

3

Wpływ składu chemicznego i struktury powłok PVD i CVD na trwałość eksploatacyjną ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z ceramiki typu Si3N4 oraz sialonu

Staszuk M., Pakuła D., Dobrzański L. A.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

|

2013

|

Vol. 34, nr 6

899--902

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury i własności powłok uzyskanych techniką katodowego odparowania łukowego (CAE-PVD) oraz chemicznego osadzania z fazy gazowej CVD na płytkach wieloostrzowych z ceramiki narzędziowej Si3N4 oraz ceramiki βʹ-sialonowej. Badano powłoki wieloskładnikowe i gradientowe będące kombinacją warstw TiN, Ti(B, N), (Ti, Zr)N, Ti(C, N), (Ti, Al)N, (Al, Ti)N, (Al, Cr)N oraz Al2O3. Obserwacje struktury badanych powłok oraz topografii powierzchni dokonano w skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym. Analizę składu chemicznego w mikroobszarach wykonano z wykorzystaniem techniki EDS oraz profilowej analizy metodą GDOES. Do analizy składu fazowego zastosowano metodę dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej. Wykonane badania własności mechanicznych obejmują: pomiary mikrotwardości sposobem Vickersa, pomiary chropowatości Ra, pomiary przyczepności powłok do podłoża w próbie zarysowania. Ponadto na podstawie technologicznej próby toczenia żeliwa szarego określono trwałość eksploatacyjną ostrzy pokrytych badanymi powłokami. Wykazano, iż zastosowanie powłok PVD i CVD wpływa na poprawę własności mechanicznych badanych ostrzy skrawających, a w niektórych przypadkach zwiększa trwałość eksploatacyjną badanych narzędzi.

EN

The paper presents results of investigations of the structure and properties of coatings obtained by cathodic arc evaporation technique (CAE-PVD) and chemical vapour deposition CVD technique plated inserts with Si3N4 tool ceramics and βʹ-sialon ceramics. Multiple and gradient coatings were investigated, these coatings were a combination of layers of TiN, Ti(B, N), (Ti, Zr)N, Ti(C, N), (Ti, Al)N, (Al, Ti)N, (Al, Cr)N and Al2O3.Observations of the structure of investigated coatings and surface topography were performed using the scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of chemical composition in microregions was performed using the EDS technique and profile analysis using the GDOES technique. X-ray diffraction method was used for the analysis of the phase composition. Performed investigations of the mechanical properties include the following measurements: Vickers microhardness, surface roughness Ra, the adhesion of coatings to a substrate using a scratch test method. Moreover, the exploitative durability of edges covered investigated coatings was determined based on the technological turning of a gray cast iron sample. It was found that the application of PVD and CVD coatings improves the mechanical properties of cutting edges investigated, and in some cases increases the exploitative durability of tested tools.

4

Zużycie powłok diamentopodobnych w zależności od rodzaju kompozycji powłokowej i materiałów pary trącej

Ozimina D., Madej M., Kowalczyk J., Suchanek J., Taticek F., Kolariikova M.

Tribologia

|

2012

|

nr 3

127-136

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki jednowarstwowych powłok DLC typu a-C:H:W oraz wielowarstwowych powłok typu TiN/a-C:H:W otrzymywanych technikami PVD oraz PACVD na elementach ze stopu CoCrMo. Informacji o amorficznych układach węglowych dostarczyła spektroskopia ramanowska. Topografię i analizę powierzchni oceniano przy użyciu elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego, laserowego mikroskopu konfokalnego i profilometru optycznego. Oceny adhezji dokonano stosując metodę zarysowania. Badania tribologiczne przeprowadzono na mikrotribometrze T-23 oraz aparatach T-01 M pracujący w skojarzeniu kula-tacza, w warunkach tarcia technicznie suchego i ze smarowaniem roztworem Ringera oraz maszynie T-17 pracującej w skojarzeniu trzpień-płytka w warunkach tarcia ze smarowaniem roztworem Ringera. Badania wykazały, że na mechanizmy zużywania elementów węzła tarcia wpływa zastosowanie międzywarstwy TiN oraz stosowanego materiału współpracującego tarciowo.

EN

This study has been carried out to examine diamond like carbon coatings; a-C:H:W single-layer and TiN/a-C:H:W multilayer prepared on CoCrMo alloy by the PVD and PACVD technique. Information on the composition of amorphous carbon coatings is provided by Raman spectroscopy. The structure and surface topography were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, a laser confocal microscope, and an optical profilometer. The adhesion was made using the scratch test method. The tribological investigations were conducted on a T-23 microtribometer and T-01 M tester machine, working in a ball-on-disc friction pair in technically dry friction and lubrication with Ringer's solution and a T-17 machine in pin-on-plate configuration with Ringer's solution. The research has shown that the mechanisms of wear of the friction elements are affected by the application of a TiN interlayer and the material used for friction pairs.

5

Analiza obrazowa stanu zużycia ostrza z ceramiki azotkowej po skrawaniu żeliwa sferoidalnego

Małecka J., Grzesik W., Kowalczyk D., Kiszka P.

Tribologia

|

2011

|

nr 2

71-84

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań zużycia ostrzy narzędzi z ceramiki azotkowej bez powłoki i z powłoką CVD-Al2O3/TiN w skrawaniu żeliwa sferoidalnego o strukturze perlityczno-ferrytycznej, gatunku EN-GJS-500. Badania obejmowały wyznaczenie krzywych zużycia i odpowiednich trwałości ostrza oraz szczegółową identyfikację mechanizmów zużycia występujących na powierzchni natarcia i przyłożenia. Wykazano obecność różnych mechanizmów, którymi w zależności od warunków obróbki mogą być: zużycie ścierne, adhezja i zużycie chemiczne. Udowodniono większą odporność na zużycie ścierne narzędzi z ceramiki Si3N4 z nałożoną powłoką z ceramiki tlenkowej Al2O3. Do analizy zużycia zastosowano mikroskopię skaningową SEM (Electron Scanning Microscopy), technikę BSE (Back Scattering Electron) i analizę EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis).

EN

This paper presents the results of the wear of nitride ceramic tools, uncoated and coated with CVD-Al2O3/TiN layer, in the machining of pearlitic-ferritic nodular cast iron-EN-GJS-500 grade. Investigations include the tool wear curves and appropriate tool lives, as well as detailed identification of tool wear mechanisms occurring on both the rake and flank faces of the tools. The occurrence of various wear mechanisms depend on the machining conditions, e.g. abrasive wear, diffusive wear and chemical wear (chemical dissolution). Higher wear resistance of coated nitride tools with an additional oxide ceramic layer was confirmed. In particular, such techniques as SEM, BSE and EDX analysis were employed to analyse tool wear.

6

Structure, physical properties and fractal character of surface topography of CVD coatings

Kwaśny W.

Journal of Machine Engineering

|

2011

|

Vol. 11, No. 1-2

134--151

EN

The aim of the presented study is to establish a methodology elaboration, giving a possibility to predict properties of coatings reached in CVD process on tool materials, based on fractal quantities describing their surface. Coatings' topography and its structure which has an impact on a shape of analysed objects' surface were characterised in a comprehensive way. Influence of a type of process and conditions of deposition over structure and shape of topography as well as mechanical and operational properties of the acquired coatings were determined.

7

Zwiększenie trwałości eksploatacyjnej węzłów tarcia przez zastosowanie powłok DLC typu a:C:H oraz a:C:H:W

Madej M.

Tribologia

|

2010

|

nr 2

69-86

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury oraz testów triologicznych powłok DLC typu a:C:H oraz a:C:H:W. Powłoki otrzymywano techniką PACVD na elemenach ze stopu Co-Cr-Mo. Analizę struktury powierzchni i jej elementarnego składu oceniano z użyciem mikroskopu skaningowego SEM. Twardość elementów bez powłoki oraz z powłokami a:C:H i a:C:H:W zmierzono z użyciem mikrotwardościomierza Matsuzawa, stosując obciążenie 10 G (HV0,01). Badania odporności materiałów testowych na zużycie tribologiczne przeprowadzono na mikrotribometrze T-23 oraz na aparatach T-01M typu ball-on-disc, w układzie kulka z Al2O3 – tarcza ze stopu Co-Cr-Mo z powłokami DLC, w warunkach tarcia technicznie suchego oraz smarowania roztworem Ringera. Badania tarciowe realizowano również na maszynie T-17, pracującej w skojarzeniu: trzpień–płytka w warunkach tarcia ze smarowaniem roztworem Ringera. Wyniki otrzymane podczas zrealizowanych badań wykazały, że zastosowanie powłok DLC zdecydowanie zwiększa trwałość eksploatacyjną pokrytych powierzchni, przy czym najbardzej stabilnymi parametrami charakteryzują się powłoki typu a:C:H.

EN

The paper discusses the results of structural and tribological tests conducted for a:C:H and a:C:H:W DLC coatings deposited on Co-Cr-Mo specimens using the PACVD process. The structure and morphology of the Co-Cr-Mo substrate and the DLC coating were assessed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hardness of specimens with and without a:C:H and a:C:H:W coatings were measured under a load of 10 G applying a Matsuzawa tester (HV 0.01). The resistance of the material to tribological wear was determined by means of a T-23 microscratch tester and a T-01M ball-on-disc tester (the Al2O3 ball and the Co-Cr-Mo disc with DLC coatings) under dry friction conditions and using Ringer’s solution. The friction tests were conducted by employing a T-23 microtribometer under dry friction conditions and a T-17 pin-on-plate tester under lubricated friction conditions and using Ringer’s solution. The results show that the DLC coatings increase the serviceability of the surfaces, with the a:C:H coating characterised by more stable parameters.

8

Ocena właściwości jedno- i wielowarstwowych powłok DLC

Ozimina D., Madej M.

Tribologia

|

2010

|

nr 2

119-135

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań jednowarstwowych powłok DLC typu a:C:H:W oraz wielowarstwowych powłok typu TiN/a:C:H:W, CrN/a:C:H:W. Powłoki otrzymywano technikami: PVD oraz PACVD na elementach ze stopu Co-Cr-Mo, znanego pod nazwą handlową BIODUR CCM Plus. Topografię i analizę powierzchni oceniano z użyciem mikroskopu skaningowego SEM. Twardość elementów bez powłoki oraz z powłokami zmierzono z użyciem mikrotwardościomierza Matsuzawa, stosując obciążenie 10 G (HV0,01). Charakterystyki struktury geometrycznej powierzchni uzyskano z użyciem profilometru Form Talysurf PGI 1230. Badania tribologiczne przeprowadzono na mikrotribometrze T-23 oraz aparatach T-01 M, pracujących w skojarzeniu: kula–tacza, w warunkach tarcia technicznie suchego i tarcia ze smarowaniem roztworem Ringera oraz maszynie T-17, pracującej w skojarzeniu: trzpień–płytka w warunkach tarcia ze smarowaniem roztworem Ringera. Badania wykazały, że mechanizmy zużycia elementów węzła tarcia zależą przede wszystkim od materiału powierzchni roboczych.

EN

The paper deals with the testing of single-layer DLC coatings (a:C:H:W, TiN/a:C:H:W, and CrN/a:C:H:W). The coatings were deposited on Co-Cr-Mo (BIODUR CCM Plus alloy) specimens using the PVD and PACVD processes. The topography and morphology of the specimens were determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hardnesses of specimens with and without coatings were measured under a load of 10 G applying a Matsuzawa tester (HV 0.01). The characteristics of the geometrical surface structure were obtained using a Taylor Hobson Form Talysurf PGI 1230 profilometer. The tribological tests were conducted using a T-23 microtribometer and a T-01M ball-on-disc tester under dry friction conditions and under lubricated friction conditions using Ringer's solution and a T-17 pin-on-plate tester under lubricated friction conditions using Ringer's solution. The results show that the wear mechanisms in friction pairs are dependent mainly on the material the working surfaces are made of.

9

PVD and CVD gradient coatings on sintered carbides and sialon tool ceramics

Dobrzański L. A., Staszuk M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2010

|

Vol. 43, nr 2

552--576

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the work is to investigate the structure and properties of multilayer gradient coatings produced in PVD and CVD processes on sintered carbides and on sialon ceramics, and to define the influence of the properties of the coatings such as microhardness, adhesion, thickness and size of grains on the applicable properties of cutting edges covered by such coatings. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation studies pertaining to the following have been carried out: the structures of the substrates and coatings with the application of transmission electron microscopy; the structure and topography of coating surfaces with the use of electron scanning microscopy; chemical composition of the coatings using the GDOES and EDS methods; phase composition of the coatings using X-ray diffraction and grazing incident X-ray diffraction technique (GIXRD); grain size of the investigated coatings using Scherrer’s method; properties of the coatings including thickness, microhardness, adhesion and roughness; properties of the operating coatings in cutting trials. The models of artificial neural networks have been worked out which involve the dependencies between the durability of the cutting edge and properties of the coatings. Findings: Good adhesion of the coatings to the substrate from sintered carbides is connected with the diffusive mixing of the components of the coating and substrate. In the case of PVD coatings obtained on sialon ceramics, the highest adhesion to the substrate (Lc=53-112 N) has been demonstrated by the coatings containing the AlN phase of the hexagonal lattice having the same type of atomic (covalence) bond in the coating as in the ceramic substrate. The damage mechanism of the investigated coatings depends to a high degree on their adhesion to the substrate. The durability of cutting edges covered by the investigated coatings depends principally on the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate, and to a lesser degree on the other properties. Practical implications: While selecting a proper coating material on ceramic cutting edges, it is advisable to remember that the coatings having the same type of atomic bond as the ceramic substrate have higher adhesion to the substrate. Another relevant aspect of the research presented in the paper is the fact that the adhesion of the coatings contributes significantly to the durability of the cutting edge, whereas the microhardness of the coatings, their thickness and grain size have a slightly lower influence on the durability of the tool being coated. Originality/value: The paper presents the research involving the PVD and CVD coatings obtained on an unconventional substrate such as sialon ceramics. Furthermore, to define the influence of coating properties on the durability of cutting edges, artificial neural networks have been applied.

10

Fractal and multifractal characteristics of CVD coatings deposited onto the nitride tool ceramics

Kwaśny W., Pakuła D., Woźniak M., Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2007

|

Vol. 20, nr 1-2

371-374

EN

Purpose: The goal of this work is the fractal and multifractal characteristics of the TiN+Al2O3 and Al2O3+TiN coatings obtained in the CVD process on the Si3N4 tool ceramics substrate. Design/methodology/approach: The investigations were carried out of the multi-edge inserts from the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics uncoated and coated with the TiN+Al2O3 and Al2O3+TiN coatings deposited in the CVD process. Determining the fractal dimension and the multifractal analysis of the examined coatings were made basing on measurements obtained from the AFM microscope, using the projective covering method. Findings: Investigations carried out confirm that the fractal dimension and parameters describing the multifractal spectrum shape may be used for characterizing and comparing surfaces of coatings obtained in the CVD processes and of the substrate material from the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics. Research limitations/implications: Investigation or relationship between parameters describing the multifractal spectrum and physical properties of the examined materials calls for further analyses. Originality/value: Employment of multifractal geometry in materials engineering provides the opportunity to work out more complete, also quantitative, characteristics of properties of the investigated objects. Multifractal analysis makes it possible to characterise in the quantitative way the extent of irregularities of the analysed surface.

11

Wielowarstwowe i wieloskładnikowe powłoki odporne na ścieranie naniesione na ceramikę narzędziową Si3N4

Dobrzański L. A., Pakuła D.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2004

|

Vol. 71, nr 7-8

334-339

PL

Pokrywanie narzędzi cienkimi odpornymi na zużycie ścierne twardymi powłokami PVD i CVD jest obecnie powrzechnie stosowanym sposobem przedłużenia ich trwałości. W pracy przedstawiono kompleksowe wyniki badań struktury i własności wielowarstwowych, wieloskładnikowych powłok PVD i CVD wytworzonych na podłożu z narzędziowej ceramiki azotowej Si3N4. Przedstawiono szczegółowe wyniki badań na transmisyjnym i skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym, wyniki badań własności mechanicznych i skrawanych badanych powłok. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań metalograficznych stwierdzono, że wielowarstwowe pokrycia PVD i CVD zostały równomiernie nałożone na podłoże, a poszczególne warstwy ściśle przylegają do siebie i materiału podłoża. Wykazano również, że wszystkie pokrycia CVD charakteryzują się bardzo dobrą przyczepnością do podłoża w porównywaniu z powłokami PVD.

EN

Covering tools with the thin wear resistant PVD and CVD coatings is currently the commonly used method to extend their life. Comprehensive structure and properties investigation results of the multilayer, multi - component PVD and CVD coatings developed on the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics substrate are presented in the paper. The detailed results are presented of examinations carried out on the transmission and scanning electron microscopes, as well as of the mechanical properties and cutting ability of the investigated coatings. Basing on the metallographic examinations results it was found out that the multilayer PVD and CVD coatings were uniformly put down onto the substrate and the particular layers adhesion to the substrate compared to the PVD coatings.

12

Nowoczesne pokrycia płytek wieloostrzowych Baildonit w świetle tendencji światowych.

Dziembowski M.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

|

1999

|

R. 44, nr 3

131-133

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd rozwoju technologii pokrywania twardymi warstwami w Sandvik Baildonit S.A. Pokrycia CVD rozwinęły się w minionych 20 latach jako pokrycia wielowarstwowe, które są nadal dominujące. Zarówno pokrycia CVD, jak i PVD są stosowane z powodzeniem do płytek wieloostrzowych z węglików spiekanych.

EN

The review gives a summary of the technological developments in hard coatings in Sandvik Baildonit S A. CVD coatings have evolved over the past 20 years with multilayer configurations that are still predominant today. Both CVD and PVD coatings have been successfully applied to cemented carbide indexable inserts.