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1

Analysis of mechanical properties and structure of samples filled with continuous glass fiber produced in composite filament fabrication technology

Marciniak Dawid, Sykutera Dariusz, Czyżewski Piotr

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 2

art. no. e148841

EN

The purpose of the study was to evaluate selected mechanical properties and structural characteristics of samples manufactured using composite filament fabrication (CFF) technology from Onyx material, whichwas filled with continuous glass fiber. Selected mechanical properties were correlated with the density of the resulting composite to determine the specific strength of the fabricated parts. The test specimens were manufactured on a Mark Two Enterprise machine (Markforged, USA) using composite filament fabrication (CFF) technology. The material used was polyamide 6.6 with a 20% short carbon fiber content with the trade name Onyx. Continuous glass fiber was used to reinforce the fabrication. The density of the manufactured samples was determined using a hydrostatic method. Methanol was used as the liquid. By determining the density of the samples, it was possible to estimate through appropriate calculations what specific strength and specific modulus the obtained composites would have. Determination of tensile and flexural strengths was carried out in accordance with ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO 178:2003. Determination of the impact tensile strength of the samples was carried out in accordance with ISO 8256, the beams were tested using the A method. Due to the high impact tensile strength, two 1 mm notches with an angle of 45°were made on the specimens. The image of the sample structure obtained by the CFF method was recorded using a CT scanner. A thermogravimetric test (TG) of the Onyx matrix material was carried out. The samples were tested approximately 72 hours after fabrication. Filling the samples with continuous glass fiber above 50% leads to a slight increase in impact resistance. The density of the composite increased by only 16% relative to the reference samples, resulting in a 389% increase in the maximum average flexural strength. Despite significant discontinuities in the structure of the produced composite, it was possible to record an increase in tensile strength and Young’s modulus by 606% and 370%, respectively.

2

An in-house step-wedge phantom for the calibration of pixel values in CT localizer radiographs for water-equivalent diameter measurement

Rif’ah Sitti M., Anam Choirul, Sutanto Heri, Asiah Rin H., Holid Heryani, Dougherty Geoff

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

|

2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 1

50--57

EN

Introduction: To develop an in-house acrylic-based step-wedge phantom with several thickness configurations for calibrating computed tomography (CT) localizer radiographs in order to measure the water-equivalent diameter (Dw) and the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). Method: We developed an in-house step-wedge phantom using 3 mm thick acrylic, filled with water. The phantom had five steps with thicknesses of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 cm. The phantom was scanned using a 64-slice Siemens Definition AS CT scanner with tube currents of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mA. The relationship between pixel value (PV) and water-equivalent thickness (tw) was obtained for the different step thicknesses. This was used to calibrate the CT localizer radiographs in order to measure Dw and SSDE. The results of Dw and SSDE from the radiographs were compared with those calculated from axial CT images. Results: The relationship between PV and tw from CT localizer radiographs of the phantom step-wedge produced a linear relationship with R2 > 0.990. The linear relationships of the Dw and SSDE values obtained from CT localizer radiographs and axial CT images had R2 values > 0.94 with a statistical test of p-value > 0.05. The Dw difference between those from CT localizer radiographs and axial CT images was 3.7% and the SSDE difference between both was 4.3%. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a step-wedge phantom to calibrate the relationship between PV and tw. Our phantom can be easily used to calibrate CT localizer radiographs in order to measure Dw and SSDE.

3

Evaluation of mandibular geometry in healthy children aged 0-1 year - a pilot study

Lipowicz Anna, Kawlewska Edyta, Larysz Dawid, Kostyra Patrycja, Graja Katarzyna, Joszko Kamil, Gzik-Zroska Bożena, Wolański Wojciech

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 3

EN

The main aim of the researches was the three-dimensional morphological assessment of the mandible in children. Materials&Methods: The research group consisted of 34 infants from 21 to 417 days of age (0-13 months). Models of the mandibles were developed on the basis of tomographic images. Characteristic anatomical points were marked on the models, on the basis of which characteristic distances and angles were calculated, determining the length, width and height of the mandible as well as its proportion and symmetry. Based on the obtained database, models of mandibular growth in the first year of life in three directions were also developed. Conclusion: The analysis of the results revealed some significant objective information on the growth and development of the normal mandible.

4

Charakterystyka tomografów dwuenergetycznych

Zięba Urszula, Modlińska Sandra

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2022

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Vol. 11, nr 5

421--423

PL

Jedną z najprężniej rozwijających się gałęzi nauki, na której oparta jest współczesna medycyna, to diagnostyka medyczna. Poszukuje się metod, które nie tylko skrócą czas badania, będą precyzyjne i dostępne dla pacjentów, lecz także pozwolą na coraz dokładniejszą analizę chorób i ich podłoża. W niniejszej pracy opisana została metoda diagnostyki, jaką jest dwuenergetyczna tomografia komputerowa. Metoda ta pozwala poszerzyć badania tomografii komputerowej o dodatkowe aspekty wpływające na jakość obrazu oraz ochronę radiologiczną pacjenta (poprzez mniejszą liczbę skanów). Wykorzystując system dwuenergetycznej tomografii komputerowej, można analizować jednocześnie zestaw danych zebranych w jednym czasie z tego samego obszaru badania za pomocą dwóch różnych energii. Dodatkowo metoda ta pozwala uniknąć artefaktów, które często powstają przy zastosowaniu tomografii jednoenergetycznej. W pracy porównano także obecnie stosowane aparaty do badań tomograficznych wykorzystujące dwie energie oraz zasady ich działania.

EN

One of the most dynamically developing branches of science, on which modern medicine is based is medical diagnostics. Methods that will not only shorten the test time, but will also allow for an increasingly accurate analysis of diseases and their causes they will be sought. In this work the diagnostic method of dual energy computed tomography is described. This method allows for the extension of computed tomography examinations with additional aspects affecting the image quality and the patient’s radiological protection. By using the dual energy computed tomography system, you can analyze simultaneously a set of data collected at one time from the same area research using two different energies. In addition, this method allows to avoid artifacts that often arise with the use of singleenergy tomography. The work also compares the currently used devices for tomographic examinations using two energies and the principles of their operation.

5

Flaw Detection of Cast-Steel Safety Parts in Automotive Application

Dizdar K. C., Sahin H., Ardicli M., Dispinar D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 1

13--17

EN

Casting is the most economical way of producing parts for many industries ranging from automotive, aerospace to construction towards small appliances in many shares. One of the challenges is the achievement of defect-free cast parts. There are many ways to do this which starts with calculation and design of proper runner system with correct size and number of feeders. The first rule suggests starting with clean melt. Yet, rejected parts can still be found. Although depending on the requirement from the parts, some defects can be tolerated, but in critical applications, it is crucial that no defect should exist that would deteriorate the performance of the part. Several methods exist on the foundry floor to detect these defects. Functional safety criteria, for example, are a must for today's automotive industry. These are not compromised under any circumstances. In this study, based on the D-FMEA (Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) study of a functional safety criterion against fuel leakage, one 1.4308 cast steel function block, which brazed-on fuel rail port in fuel injection unit, was investigated. Porosity, buckling, inclusion and detection for leak were carried out by non-destructive test (NDT) methods. It was found that the best practice was the CT-Scan (Computed Tomography) for such applications.

6

Influence of bioactive metal fillers on microstructural homogeneity of PA12 composites produced by polymer Laser Sintering

Gruber Piotr, Ziółkowski Grzegorz, Olejarczyk Michał, Grochowska Emilia, Hoppe Viktoria, Szymczyk-Ziółkowska Patrycja, Kurzynowski Tomasz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 3

art. no. e117

EN

In this paper, polyamide 12 (PA12) blends with three types of metallic fillers are tested, which differ in the type of material and its’ morphology. Low content mixtures are taken into consideration (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 wt%), since a low impact on mechanical properties along with obtaining antibacterial properties are desired. The investigation focuses on filler distribution as well as the influence on microstructural homogeneity of the base material after processing with polymer Laser Sintering. Moreover, the influence of the filler content on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour were examined. Processability PA12 with bioactive metal fillers was confirmed, and no significant changes in ductile behaviour of PA12 were observed. An in-depth analysis of the effect of the filler on microstructural homogeneity was conducted.

7

CT inspection of cooled turbine blades

Przysowa Radosław, Chalimoniuk Marek, Grzelka-Gajek Danuta, Shakalo Ruslan, Karpenko Artem

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 3

307--331

EN

To improve the engine efficiency by increasing the gas temperature, multi-layer cooling passages are applied in new designs of gas turbine blades. As a result, traditional non-destructive methods, which have been applied so far in the production control, became insufficient. The aim of this manuscript is to develop an inspection method for cooling passages of turbine blades, which would be helpful in detecting manufacturing defects of blades and their operational failures. GE v/tome/x/m 300 was applied to conduct dimensional control and check the interior of two types of turbine blades from turboshaft engines. The procedure for selecting X-ray parameters was suggested. The thickness of walls in the selected cross-section was measured with the accuracy of 0.01 mm, and the selected manufacturing defects of cooling passages were identified.

PL

W celu zwiększenia sprawności silników przez podniesienie temperatury gazów, w nowych konstrukcjach łopatek turbin gazowych stosuje się wielowarstwowe zespoły kanałów chłodzących. W efekcie, tradycyjne metody nieniszczące, stosowane dotychczas w kontroli produkcji stają się niewystarczające. Celem pracy jest opracowanie metodyki inspekcji kanałów chłodzących łopatek turbin do wykrywania wad produkcyjnych łopatek oraz ich uszkodzeń eksploatacyjnych. Zastosowano tomograf GE v/tome/x/m 300 do kontroli wymiarowej i sprawdzenia poprawności wykonania wnętrza dwóch typów łopatek turbiny silnika turbowałowego. Zaproponowano procedurę doboru parametrów prześwietlania. Zmierzono grubość ścian w wybranych przekrojach z dokładnością 0,01 mm oraz zidentyfikowano wybrane wady produkcyjne kanałów chłodzących.

8

The defect analysis of Inconel 738LC with computed tomography inspection

Ciećko Andrzej, Kamiński Łukasz, Wierzba Patrycja

Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology

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2020

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Vol. 44, nr 3

80--83

EN

In the present paper, computed tomography (CT) inspection is shown. The CT inspection method allowed to rate the density of defects hidden inside a material, which has a significant role in the live material. The method allows to evaluate the reliability of tensile test’s results. In our analysis, the position of crack propagation was determined by CT, and the tensile test was performed to check the accuracy of the nondestructive method. The tensile tests were performed on Inconel 738LC [1] samples.

9

Zastosowanie jednostki CT przy realizacji prac w otworach horyzontalnych

Limanówka Maciej, Wolan Marian

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2019

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R. 22, Nr 10 (252)

18--19

EN

The development of Coiled Tubing as we know it today dates back to the early 1960's, and it has become an integral component of many well service and workover applications. While the initial development of coiled tubing was spurred by the desire to work on live wellbores, speed and economy have emerged as key advantages for application of CT. In addition, the relatively small footprint and short rig-up time make CT even more attractive for drilling and workover applications. In addition, modern CT strings provide sufficient rigidity and strength to be pushed/pulled through highly deviated or horizontal wellbores. In April 2019, Exalo Drilling S.A. performed a job for PGNiG S.A. with cleanup of un-tubular section in one of the horizontal wells using a Coiled Tubing Unit equipped with a 1 ¾” CT pipe. That was a well with a final depth of 4800m MD (3583m TVD) and a horizontal section length of over 1000m, which is entirely located in the un-pipe section under the shoe of 7” pipes. Design works shown that the use of CT with 1 ¾” diameter in this case may prevent the achievement of the final depth. Due to such technical limitations, work began on the selection of appropriate technologies that would allow for the smooth implementation of this project. The first element to reduce the friction coefficient was the use of Friction Reducers for the fluid used during operation. This allowed both to reduce the frictional resistance at the contact between the CT and the walls of the extraction pipes in the well and significantly reduced the hydraulic resistance during the operation. An additional aspect to increase the possibilities of RIH to the bottom of the well in such a long horizontal section was the use of specialized downhole tools. In this case, the NOV Agitator™ was used, which significantly improved the possibilities when working in the horizontal section. This tool, causing the delicate vibrations of a set of downhole tools, reduces friction and significantly improves weight transfer and improves control over the front tool (milling cutter), reducing friction vibrations. This increased the possibilities associated with the reach, and prevented the coil from "getting stuck" in the hole. Properly selected technology for carrying out this job allowed for its smooth implementation using a CT string with 1 ¾” diameter.

10

GTV volume estimation using different mode of computer tomography for lung tumors in stereotactic body radiation therapy

Lingaiah Ramaa, Ali Md Abbas, Kulsum Ummay, Muneem Muhtasim Aziz, Mani Karthick Raj, Ahmed Sharif, Rahman Md. Shakilur, Salahuddin M.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 25, Iss. 1

29--34

EN

Aim: To estimate the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) using different modes (axial, helical, slow, KV-CBCT & 4D-CT) of computed tomography (CT) in pulmonary tumors. Materials & Methods: We have retrospectively included ten previously treated case of carcinoma of primary lung or metastatic lung using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in this study. All the patients underwent 4 modes of CT scan Axial, Helical, Slow & 4D-CT using GE discovery 16 Slice PET-CT scanner and daily KV-CBCT for the daily treatment verification. For standardization, all the patients underwent different modes of scan using 2.5 mm slice thickness, 16 detectors rows and field of view of 400mm. Slow CT was performed using axial mode scan by increasing the CT tube rotation time (typically 3 – 4 sec.) as per the breathing period of the patients. 4D-CT scans were performed and the entire respiratory cycle was divided into ten phases. Maximum Intensity Projections (MIP), Minimum Intensity Projections (MinIP) and Average Intensity Projections (AvIP) were derived from the 10 phases. GTV volumes were delineated for all the patients in all the scanning modes (GTVAX - Axial, GTVHL - Helical, GTVSL – Slow, GTVMIP -4DCT and GTVCB – KV-CBCT) in the Eclipse treatment planning system version 11.0 (M/S Varian Medical System, USA). GTV volumes were measured, documented and compared with the different modes of CT scans. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (range) for MIP, slow, axial, helical & CBCT were 36.5 ± 40.5 (2.29 – 87.0), 35.38 ± 39.52 (2.1 – 82), 31.95 ± 37.29 (1.32 – 66.9), 28.98 ± 33.36 (1.01 – 65.9) & 37.16 ± 42.23 (2.29 – 92). Overall underestimation of helical scan and axial scan compared to MIP is 21% and 12.5%. CBCT and slow CT volume has a good correlation with the MIP volume. Conclusion: For SBRT in lung tumors better to avoid axial and helical scan for target delineation. MIP is a still a golden standard for the ITV delineation, but in the absence of 4DCT scanner, Slow CT and KV-CBCT data may be considered for ITV delineation with caution.

11

Validation of microscopy measured porosity in carbon fibbers composites

Jędral Arnold, Bona Anna

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 4

83--90

EN

One of the most common defects in carbon fibrereinforced plastics (CFRP) is porosity. Too much of those defectscould be serious problemsto mechanical properties, which directly take effect on elements safety, like aircrafts. Therefore, the evaluation of porosity is very important test. Microscopic observations are widely used as a quality instrument in materials and constructions inspections. Cross section image of a material is easy to prepare and analyse. Porosity of a carbon fibrereinforced plasticcan be clearly spot in such kind of images. Study shows that in the most cases porosity appear between layers of fibres , rather between fibres. Unfortunately,image from microscope is only 2D picture from a small representative region. Because of that,comparison of 2D image to a real porosity distribution in all volume of a material is very difficult. To verify 2D microscopic observation method is necessary to perform another kind of tests. In this article , authors focused on non-destructive (NDT) and destructive testing methods. 2D porosity images from light microscope were compared with three different testing methods: ultrasonic test (UT), computed tomography (CT) test and constituent content of composite materials standard test method according to ASTM D3171 – 15, procedure B. Porosity results obtained from dissolution of resin from the carbon-epoxy resin sample.

12

Diagnostyka obrazowa okiem neurologa

Leksa Natalia, Truszkiewicz Adrian, Aebisher David, Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2019

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Vol. 8, nr 5

363--370

PL

W diagnostyce chorób układu nerwowego dostępne jest szerokie spektrum metod diagnostycznych. Niektóre są wykonywane powszechnie, inne tylko w ośrodkach specjalistycznych. W opracowaniu poniżej omówiliśmy badania obrazowe stosowane w diagnostyce chorób neurologicznych. Szeroko omówiona diagnostyka w kontekście neurologicznym pozwala na uwypuklenie potrzeb, jakie istnieją w tym zakresie z punktu widzenia lekarza neurologa. Pokazano również wartości różnych badań dla różnych schorzeń neurologicznych. Praca ta nie może wyczerpać tematu, jakim jest diagnostyka obrazowa okiem neurologa, ze względu na rozległość tematyki. Założeniem jej jest dokonanie przeglądu dostępnych metod obrazowania i ukazanie ich wartości w leczeniu pacjentów.

EN

A wide spectrum of diagnostic methods are available in the diagnosis of nervous system diseases. Some are commonly performed, others only in specialist centers. In the study below, we discussed imaging tests used to diagnose neurological diseases. The broadly discussed diagnostics in the neurological context allow to highlight the needs that exist in this regard from the point of view of the neurologist. The values of various studies for various neurological diseases are also shown. This work cannot exhaust the topic of diagnostic imaging through the eyes of a neurologist due to the extent of the subject. Its assumption is to review the available imaging methods and show their value in treating patients.

13

Evaluation of skull bone structures in CT imaging

Ryniewicz Andrzej, Ryniewicz Wojciech, Wyrąbek Stanisław, Bojko Łukasz

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. LXVI, nr 1

83--95

EN

At the current stage of diagnostics and therapy, it is necessary to perform a geometric evaluation of facial skull bone structures basing upon virtually reconstructed objects or replicated objects with reverse engineering. The objective hereof is an analysis of imaging precision for cranial bone structures basing upon spiral tomography and in relation to the reference model with the use of laser scanning. Evaluated was the precision of skull reconstruction in 3D printing, and it was compared with the real object, topography model and reference model. The performed investigations allowed identifying the CT imaging accuracy for cranial bone structures the development of and 3D models as well as replicating its shape in printed models. The execution of the project permits one to determine the uncertainty of components in the following procedures: CT imaging, development of numerical models and 3D printing of objects, which allows one to determine the complex uncertainty in medical applications.

14

Badanie jakości wydruku elementów wykonanych techniką DLP przy wykorzystaniu tomografii wiązki stożkowej oraz tomografii konwencjonalnej

Redutko Joanna, Szarek Arkadiusz, Wrona Krzysztof

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2019

|

z. 17

101--109

PL

Artykuł zawiera ocenę jakości wydruku elementów wykonanych w technice druku DLP, poprzez analizę projekcji otrzymanych z tomografu wolumetrycznego i konwencjonalnego. Podczas analizy określono czy możliwym jest wykonanie fantomu do CBCT z wydruku światłoutwardzalnego przy pomocy drukarki DLP. Badania tomograficzne miały na celu określenie obecności wtrąceń materiałowych i pęcherzy powietrza, mogących dawać efekt odbicia promieni rentgenowskich. Przeanalizowano ilość pochłanianej wiązki promieniowania poprzez pomiary wartości jednostek Hounsfielda dla wielu obszarów próbek.

EN

The article has been devoted to an evaluation of the print quality of elements made in the DLP printing technique, which was obtained as a result of the analysis of the projection from the volumetric and conventional CT. During this analysis the presence of air bubbles, material inclusions and other artifacts, which may give the effect of X-ray reflection, was determined. The amount of absorbed radiation beam was also analysed by measuring the Hounsfield unit values for many sample areas.

15

Verification of the Computed Tomography Results of Aluminum Alloy Welded Joint

Malicki M., Sobczak K.

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

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2018

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Iss. 10

47--52

EN

Computed tomography (CT) of aluminum welded joint specimen has been performed. On the tomographic cross sections some defects have been found. To verify them the metallography cross sections of welded has been done. It was found that selected defects are micro cracks.

16

Diagnostyczne metody detekcji wad w połączeniach klejowych materiałów kompozytowych

Grochalski K., Peta K., Wiśniewski M.

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2017

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nr 3

42--45

PL

Podczas łączenia materiałów kompozytowych za pomocą spoin klejowych pojawia się problem z jednorodnym rozprowadzeniem warstwy kleju na powierzchni elementu, czego następstwem jest powstawanie defektów w strukturze spoiny i obniżenie czynnej powierzchni oddziaływania sił adhezji na łączone materiały. Zachodzi wówczas konieczność kontroli jakości połączenia pomiędzy powierzchniami klejonymi. Stosowanie bezkontaktowych metod diagnostycznych umożliwia analizę większej powierzchni badanej, co warunkuje wydajniejszy proces kontroli jakości. Porównano metody detekcji wad spoin klejowych, wykorzystujące aktywną termowizję w podczerwieni z różnymi rodzajami wymuszeń z obrazowaniem tomograficznym. Analiza metod diagnostycznych pozwoliła na przyspieszenie procesu kontroli jakości spoin dla danej grupy materiałów.

EN

During the connection composite materials using glue weld there is a problem with a homogeneous distribution of the adhesive layer on the surface of the element, resulting in the formation of defects in the structure of the weld and reduce the active surface of the impact of adhesion forces the coupled material. There is the need to control the quality of the connection between the glued surfaces. The use of non-contact diagnostic methods enables the analysis of a larger area of the test which determines the efficient process quality control. Compared the methods of detection of defects of bonded joints using active thermography with different excitations types with tomographic imaging. Analysis of diagnostic methods made it possible to speed up the process for Quality Control of welds for the group of materials.

17

Parallel implementation of the artificial ant colony algorithm applied to medical images segmentation

Krawczyk Z., Starzyński J.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2017

|

R. 93, nr 4

6--9

EN

Artificial Ant Colony algorithm (AAC) can be applied to segmentation of bone structures out of CT data series. AAC procedure produces promising results in regions of adjacent bones and joints which are hard to distinguished by common segmentation algorithms. The article presents parallel implementation of the AAC which allows for significant speed-up of the segmentation procedure. The results of the segmentation for various bone structures in the area of the human pelvis are presented.

PL

Algorytm kolonii mrówkowej (AAC) pozwala na segmentację struktur kostnych z serii obrazów tomografii komputerowej. AAC daje obiecujące wyniki dla przylegających do siebie fragmentów kości i stawów, które trudno rozróżnić przy pomocy często używanych filtrów obrazu. Artykuł przedstawia równoległą implementację algorytmu pozwalającą znacznie przyspieszyć operację segmentacji. Zaprezentowano w nim wyniki algorytmu dla wybranych struktur kostnych w obrębie miednicy.

18

Comparative Analysis of Computed Tomography and 3D Scanning Geometry Acquisition Methods

Piękoś J., Grygoruk R., Siemiński P.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2017

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Vol. 41, No. 3

13--25

EN

This article describes the measurement of the external several samples’ shape using two methods: computed tomography and the optical 3D scanner. These tested samples were made from a homogeneous material (molded plastic parts) and non-homogeneous material (milled wooden part). The objects’ measurements were made to assess the metrological accuracy of both methods in engineering applications (reverse engineering), mainly for creating 3D CAD models. The results of these analyses were presented in the form of deviation maps and distribution of deviations. In addition, the cylindricity and circularity tolerances of selected fragments of plastic samples were verified. In conclusion, the outcomes of these comparisons were described.

19

Planowanie radioterapii dla pacjentów z protezami. Cz. 1, Badania fantomowe

Dąbrowski R., Morawska-Kaczyńska M.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 6, nr 5

293--304

PL

W pracy omówiono specyficzne problemy jakie pojawiają się podczas przygotowania planów leczenia radioterapią dla pacjentów z protezami. Proponowane rozwiązania mają na celu minimalizowanie błędów dozymetrycznych, na jakie narażone są tego typu plany.

EN

The paper describes specific problems which we encounter preparing radiotherapy treatment plans for patients with prosthesis. The aim of proposed solutions is to minimise dosimetric errors of plans prepared in such cases.

20

Charakterystyka i wyniki leczenia mięsaków prążkowanokomórkowych u dzieci badanych w TK i MR w latach 2010-2016

Kwiatkowska-Mazurek A., Gruszczyńska K., Machnikowska-Sokołowska M., Mazurek Ł., Baron J.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2017

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Vol. 6, nr 5

319--322

PL

Mięsak prążkowanokomórkowy jest najczęstszym mięsakiem u dzieci występującym w każdej lokalizacji, jednak najczęściej w obrębie głowy i szyi oraz układu moczowo- -płciowego. Celem retrospektywnej analizy jest charakterystyka wyników leczenia w zależności od lokalizacji i stopnia zaawansowania guza. Metody: Przeanalizowano dane demograficzne oraz wyniki badań TK i MR i biopsji u 17 dzieci w latach 2010-2016. Wyniki: Mięsak prążkowanokomórkowy został wykryty u 17 dzieci, u 10 chłopców i 7 dziewcząt, średnia wieku 7 lat. Najczęstszą lokalizacją mięsaka był oczodół, następnie okolica mięśnia żwacza i nosogardła, miednica mała z zajęciem pęcherza moczowego, pochwy, macicy, odbytnicy. Najrzadziej mięsak prążkowanokomórkowy występował w obrębie kończyny dolnej i jamy brzusznej. Najlepsze efekty leczenia uzyskano u dzieci z mięsakami prążkowanokomórkowy w miednicy w stopniu I, u których uzyskano całkowite wyleczenie. Najgorzej rokują mięsaki prążkowanokomórkowe oczodołu, jamy brzusznej i miednicy w stopniu III i IV. Wnioski: Przerzuty są złym czynnikiem rokowniczym u pacjentów z mięsakiem prążkowanokomórkowym. Radioterapia odgrywa ważną rolę w leczeniu dużych mięsaków prążkowanokomórkowych okolicy głowy, których nie można całkowicie usunąć. Paliatywna i adjuwantowa chemioterapia zwiększa czas przeżycia pacjentów.

EN

Kaposi sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common in children occurring in each location, but mostly in the head and neck and urogenital system. The aim of the retrospective analysis is to characterize the results of treatment depending on the location and stage of the tumor. Methods: We analyzed demographic data and the results of CT and MRI, and biopsy in 17 children in 2010-2016. Results: sarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma was detected in 17 children, with 10 boys and 7 girls, the average age of 7 years. The most common location sarcoma was eye socket, then the area masseter muscle and nasopharynx, small pelvis with involvement of the bladder, vagina, uterus, rectum. Least likely rhabdomyosarcoma occurred in the lower limb and abdomen. The best results were achieved in the treatment of children with rhabdomyosarcoma in sarcoma of the pelvis in stage I and have a full recovery. The worst prognosis had rhabdomyosarcomas eye socket, abdomen and pelvis in stage III and IV. Conclusion: Metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. Radiation therapy plays an important role in the treatment of large rhabdomyosarcomas of the head which can not be completely removed. Palliative and adjuvant chemotherapy increases the survival time of patients.