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1 2025

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Selected Operational Problems and Challenges for the Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Fellner Andrzej, Fellner Radosław

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2025

Vol. 19 No. 2

569--575

Scientific and technological developments mean that Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) play a key role in industry, business, science and education and rescue. This is due to ongoing research, the implementation of the results of deployment projects, and the plans and forecasts of international organisations. In the literature, there are three main groups of factors determining the development of technology in the aviation sector: user/user expectations, technical capabilities, legal basis. The cooperation of actors integrates the aviation environment and creates an interdisciplinary jigsaw of systems: navigation, air traffic management, safety, communication, flexibility and efficiency and airspace capacity, surveillance and radiolocation. As a result of experiments and the operational use of unmanned systems, e.g. during rescue and firefighting operations in the Biebrza National Park in 2020, it was found that the prerequisite for the safe and precise performance of a task by an UAS is the initial and direct navigational preparation. The experience gained and conclusions made it possible to develop a concept of navigational preparation for UAS. The above issues integrating the approach of security studies and safety engineering disciplines are presented in the article.