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Swelling Capacity in Carboxymethylcellulose - Cellulose Hybrid Hydrogels : The Effects of Oxidation with Zinc Chloride and Refining on Cellulose Used as Reinforcement

Büyüküstün Asena Damla, Erişir Emir, Gümüşkaya Esat

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2025

Vol. 68, nr 215

Art. no. 199710

The goal of this study was to address the issue of hydrogels based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) having poor gelation strengths when in contact with liquids. To improve this property, cellulose was added to the hydrogels, and their characteristics were then examined. Unlike in previous studies, the cellulose was modified mechanically and chemically before being added. The pulp was refined using a traditional PFI mill or a supermasscolloider as part of a mechanical modification process. In addition, the combination of H2O2 and ZnCl2 was chosen for chemical modification of the pulp due to their synergistic effect, where ZnCl2 facilitates fiber swelling, and H2O2 enhances Zn2+ ions’ reactivity, further promoting cellulose oxidation. By creating a cellulosic backbone with higher resistance properties, it is intended to prevent the CMC-cellulose complex from dispersing in water. Epichlorohydrin was utilized in different ratios to crosslink the modified cellulose and CMC in the production of hydrogels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the hydrogels’ structural, thermal, and surface characteristics. The results showed that with the addition of modified cellulose, the loss of the hydrogel’s swelling and water absorption properties due to the increase in cellulose content can be minimized. The swelling capacity of the samples was significantly preserved by refining the cellulose using a PFI mill. However, refining using a supermasscolloider did not give satisfactory results. In summary, the study showed that modified cellulose reinforcement may be used to produce hydrogels without significantly altering the swelling capacity of CMC-based hydrogels.