Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie wskaźników litologicznych i geochemicznych w obrębie reliktów domostwa na stanowisku archeologicznym kultury Vatya z epoki brązu w Kakucs-Turján (Węgry)

Galas J., Jaeger M.

Landform Analysis

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2016

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Vol. 31

61--70

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań litologicznych i geochemicznych podłoża badanego wykopaliskowo fragmentu osady z epoki brązu ludności kultury Vatya, w Kakucs-Turján, Węgry. Wyniki badań dowodzą zróżnicowania przestrzennego cech litologicznych (wskaźników uziarnienia) i geochemicznych badanego obszaru. Jest ono efektem kierunków i intensywności użytkowania badanej strefy (zajmowanej przez obiekt mieszkalny) oraz oddziaływania procesów podepozycyjnych, szczególnie spłukiwania. W badaniach geochemicznych w niektórych częściach obiektu mieszkalnego potwierdzono ich intensywne użytkowanie gospodarcze. Największe nagromadzenie fosforu odnotowano na zewnątrz chaty, w pobliżu wejścia.

EN

The article presented the results of lithologic and geochemical investigations of the subsoil of a part of the Vatya culture settlement dating back to the bronze age, subject to excavations and located in Kakucs-Turján, Hungary. The results of the conducted research study showed spatial variability of lithologic (granulometric indices) and geochemical features of the investigated area. It was the result of directions and intensity of using the analysed area (occupied by a cottage) and the influence of post-depositional processes, especially ablation. The geochemical analysis confirmed intensive farm use of some parts of the cottage. The greatest phosphorus accumulation was found outside the hut, near the entrance.

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"Mykeńskie" paciorki fajansowe z Kietrza na Górnym Śląsku

Rzeźnik P., Rzeźnik P.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2014

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R. 65, nr 5

16--20

PL

W artykule przedstawiono trzy paciorki, odkryte w jednym z grobów wczesnej kultury łużyckiej w Kietrzu na Górnym Śląsku i opublikowane przed trzydziestu laty jako szklane. Na podstawie cech technologicznych i stylistycznych oraz studiów porównawczych wyrobów szklarskich z Europy i Bliskiego Wschodu w epoce brązu wykazano, że są to wyroby z tzw. fajansu starożytnego. Były one ozdobami charakterystycznymi dla wschodniego Śródziemnomorza i szczególnie kultury mykeńskiej. W dorzecze Odry dotarły w ramach wymiany dalekosiężnej szlaku bursztynowego. Do grobu trafiły jako centralne ogniwa naszyjnika spełniającego funkcję osobistej ozdoby oraz przedmiotu o znaczeniu symboliczno-magicznym.

EN

The article presents three beads, discovered in an early Lusatian culture grave in Kietrz in the Upper Silesia region and published 30 years ago as glass ones. Based on technological and stylistic features as well as comparative studies of Bronze Age beads made of vitreous materials originating from Europe and the Near East, it has been shown that these are actually artefacts made of ancient faience. They used to be adornments typical for the Eastern Mediterranean and in particular Mycenaean culture. They found their way to the Oder basin through the long distance trade on the amber route. The beads were put to the grave as the central links of a necklace which acted as a personal adornment as well as an item bearing symbolic and magical value.

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Naturalne i antropogeniczne przekształcenia środowiska geograficznego na stanowisku archeologicznym kultury mogiłowej w Szczepidle 17 (Kotlina Kolska)

Hildebrandt-Radke I., Makarowicz P.

Landform Analysis

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2014

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Vol. 26

21--37

PL

Artykuł dotyczy badań relacji człowiek–środowisko na przykładzie osady kultury mogiłowej ze środkowej epoki brązu, którą odkryto na obszarze niecki deflacyjnej pomiędzy wydmami parabolicznymi na odcinku konińskim Pradoliny Warty. Lokalizacji osadnictwa kultury mogiłowej w pradolinie sprzyjały warunki klimatyczne okresu subborealnego, które określane są jako suche i chłodne. W wyniku badań archeologicznych, litologicznych i geochemicznych stwierdzono, że działalność człowieka przekształciła rzeźbę stanowiska archeologicznego, czyli niecki deflacyjnej. Powstały obiekty archeologiczne, które są pozostałościami działalności osadniczej i gospodarczej (metalurgicznej) zachodzącej na tych samych przestrzeniach stanowiska wielokrotnie. Archiwalne badania palinologiczne wskazują na: obecność wskaźników synantropizacji środowiska, gatunków wprowadzanych przez człowieka, ale też pośrednio na wylesienia, pojawiają się powierzchnie otwarte – pola. Od okresu subborealnego można obserwować nakładanie się wpływów antropogenicznych i naturalnych, klimatycznych kształtujących reżim hydrologiczny w dolinie Warty – można wnioskować o coraz większej częstotliwości powodzi i akumulacji mad. Ten czynnik w konsekwencji mógł się przyczynić do opuszczenia osady około 2800 BP (okres wilgotnych warunków w dolinie).

EN

This article focuses on man-environment relations as exemplified by a Tumulus culture settlement from the Middle Bronze Age discovered in a deflation basin among parabolic dunes in the Konin section of the Warta Pradolina. What favoured the location of the Tumulus culture settlement in the Pradolina was the climatic conditions of the Subboreal period: dry and cool. As archeological, lithological and geochemical studies have shown, human activity has transformed the relief of the archeological site, i.e. the deflation basin. There have appeared archeological objects which are remnants of settlement and economic (metallurgical) activities taking place many times in the same places of the site. Archival palynological research suggests synanthropisation of the environment, the presence of species introduced by man and, indirectly, deforestation: there appeared open spaces – fields. From the Subboreal stage on, one can observe a joint impact of anthropogenic and natural (climatic) factors on the hydrological regime pattern in the Warta valley: a growing frequency of floods and an accumulation of muds. This factor could in effect force people to abandon the settlement about 2800 BP (a period of humid conditions in the valley).

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Badania nad pochodzeniem surowców skalnych ze stanowiska archeologicznego Pyrgos-Mavrorachi (Cypr)

Dzwoniarek M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 10

583--586

EN

The development of Pyrgos-Mavrorachi settlement in Cyprus (Early and Middle Bronze Age) was closely associated with environmental conditions. The village was founded at a strategic point of an elevation between the sea and the area rich in copper deposits. The purpose undertaken in this work was to assign the provenance of building stone materials. Investigations showed that the fossiliferous porous calcarenite was used as basic building material. In the lower parts ofsome buildings, crystalline rocks, mainly dolerites, were also used. Analysis of the samples revealed a particular structural similarity with rocks from a local outcrop (about 500 m west of Pyrgos-Mavrorachi site). It indicates that the building material came from the local area which belongs to the Circum Troodos Sedimentary Succession zone (Pakhna Formation).

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Mineralogy of the ceramic slags from the Bronze Age funerary site at Lăpuş (NW Romania)

Hoeck V., Ionescu C., Metzner-Nebelsick C., Nebelsick L. D.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No. 4

649–-664

EN

A Bronze Age (13–12 th century B.C.) necropolis and cult area in Lăpuş (NW Romania) has been studied. The mound investigated during the present campaign covered a multi-phased wooden cult building containing bronze objects, ceramic potshards and slag pieces. The latter have a mammillary smooth surface, irregular shape and a high porosity. Optical microscopy reveals a colourless to brown vitreous mass, full with various-sized pores making up to 40 vol.% of the total slag. The glass includes relic phases, e.g., quartz, partly melted plagioclase and rutile, rare zircon, ilmenite and magnetite-rich spinel. Cristobalite and various silicates were formed within the glass and at the wall of the vesicles during cooling. The latter include fayalite, ferrosilite, magnetite-dominated spinel, hematite, clinopyroxene, mullite and cordierite. About 1/3 of the total volume of the slag consists of glass with a wide variety of SiO2 ranging from 49 to 76 wt.%. It is inhomogeneous, with local enrichment in Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti and K. The pore structure, the partial melting of plagioclase and rutile, the newly formed SiO2 polymorphs (cristobalite) and the Fe(Al) silicates indicate, all indicate maximum temperatures of 1100–1200°C for the fire generating the slags. The slags are not related to any metallurgical but to an anthropogenic pyrometamorphic process and formed as a result of overfiring some ceramic vessels which may have contained ritual offerings. Intentionally initiated firing of the wooden structures is the most likely the agent of this high temperature. The slags resemble buchites and can be termed “ceramic slags”

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Radiocarbon dating of the Bronze Age bone pins from Eurasian Steppe

Shishlina N. I., Plicht J. van der, Zazovskaya E. P.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 2

107-115

EN

Bone catapult and hammer-headed pins played one of very specific roles in funerary offer-ings in the Bronze Age graves uncovered in the Eurasian Steppes and the North Caucasus. Scholars used different types of pins as key grave offerings for numerous chronological models. For the first time eight pins have been radiocarbon dated. 14C dating of bone pins identified the catapult type pin as the earliest one. They marked the period of the Yamnaya culture formation. Then Yamnaya popu-lation produced hammer-headed pins which became very popular in other cultural environments and spread very quickly across the Steppe and the Caucasus during 2900-2650 cal BC. But according to radiocarbon dating bone pins almost disappeared after 2600 cal BC.

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Ewolucja doliny Darżyńskiej Strugi jako efekt procesów naturalnych i antropogenicznych

Florek W., Majewski M., Machajewski H., Gałka M., Pajewska J.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

43--52

PL

Badany obszar był przez ponad 30 lat przedmiotem zainteresowań archeologów, którzy odkryli tu wielokulturowe stanowisko obejmujące niemal cały okres od schyłku neolitu po wczesne średniowiecze.Wlatach 80. ubiegłego wieku wykonano pierwsze prace geomorfologiczne i geologiczne, które dały obraz daleko idących zmian dna doliny i ich zboczy, ale nie dały jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie przyczyny i w jakim okresie je spowodowały.Wostatnim czasie przeprowadzono rozpoznanie paleobotaniczne, które wskazało przede wszystkim na istnienie wielu luk sedymentacyjnych w osadach organicznych, ale dostarczyło też dowody na znaczne przekształcenia środowiska doliny Darżyńskiej Strugi, które dokonywały się zarówno u schyłku plejstocenu, jak i w średniowieczu.

EN

The investigated area has been researched by archaeologists, who discovered a multi-cultural site spanning the period from the latest Neolithic to the early medieval times, for more than 30 years. The first geomorphological and geological study, carried out in the 1980s, led to the recognition of substantial changes in the morphology of the valley floor and the valley sides, but left the question of their causes open. The more recent palaeobotanical prospecting revealed numerous hiatuses in the organic sedimentary record and indicated considerable environmental change in the Darżyńska Struga valley which took place in the latest Pleistocene and in the Middle Ages.In the latest Pleistocene the direction of meltwater drainage was to the south, using a part of marginal esker depression. After the valley of Łupawa was incepted, meltwater eroded a valley tract which is now the lower reach of the Darżyńska Struga. An erosional pavement (bed armour) originated in this way, currently underlying the valley fill. Parallel to climate change and increase in rainfall, particularly after the climatic optimum, peat accumulation commenced. In the Subboreal period Neolithic settlements were established in the proximity of the valley, quickly followed by intense denudational processes. The respective deposit is sandy diamicton of agricultural origin, prograding from the slopes onto the valley floor. Alluviation took place in the Middle Ages, as testified by pollen analysis and macrofossils from peat sediments, and was the consequence of floods redistributing slope sediments over peaty substratum. In the recent times channelization and drainage works have resulted in water level lowering in both the channel and within the floodplain.

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TL and OSL dating of sediment and pottery from two Syrian archaeological sites

Sánchez J. S., Mosquera D. F., Fenollós J. L. M.

Geochronometria

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2008

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Vol. 31

21-29

EN

Luminescence dating is widely applied nowadays, mainly for archaeological material and artefacts and sediments of all types and origins. However, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from archaeological sediment, originated from mud brick buildings has been hardly studied. The archaeological sites of Tall Abu Fahd and Tall Qsubi are located in the Middle Euphrates Valley, Deir ez-Zor district, Syria. These two Bronze Age sites were recently discovered by a Spanish-Syrian team from the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums (Damascus) and the University of Coruna. Both sites were dated (about 3.5 ka BC) by typological pottery classification. Sediment and pottery samples from these archaeological sites were collected for luminescence dating. Several analytical procedures for obtaining equivalent doses were tested on the sediment samples. Blue OSL from quartz subsamples and IRSL, post IRSL Blue OSL from feldspar contaminated quartz and polymineral subsamples were performed to obtain OSL ages. For the pottery samples, additive dose TL on a coarse grain feldspar contaminated quartz subsample was performed as well. Results have shown agreement among all the luminescence procedures tested on the Tall Abu Fahd site samples after fading correction, showing ages around 2.7 ka BP. Obtained ages from the other site samples show disagreement among quartz blue OSL and the other subsamples. Fading ratios allow correcting age underestimations from the polymineral post-IR OSL signal. However, the polymineral IRSL signal still shows underestimation. Final sediment and pottery ages have shown good agreement. Older 14C independent age (3.32 ka BP) corresponds to occupational periods of the site while sediment ages are attributed to a post occupation phase.