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Identification of muscle movements and activity by experimental methods for selected cases – stage #2

Dejneka Aleksandra, Małachowski Jerzy, Mazurkiewicz Łukasz

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 4

3--11

EN

The aim of the performed tests and static measurements was to determine the torque and to determine the activity curve for individual muscle heads during the flexion-extension movement in the elbow joint. Methods: Both heads of the biceps branchial muscle and the triceps muscle of the arm – long head and lateral head – were examined. Static measurements were carried out for four selected positions of the upper limb. For each pose, a measurement series consisting of five attempts of ten seconds of effort was performed. Isometric contraction was performed as 100% of the maximum voluntary MVC contraction. Dynamic measurements were carried out when working in isokinetic conditions. In both stages, an EMG and a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer were used. Results: During the analyses, it was assumed that the average value of the torque is equal to the approximate value of the torque of a given head under static conditions. The value of the torque of the biceps brachial muscle, long head was 48.04 Nm and for the short head – 45.82 Nm. For the triceps muscle of the long head, this value was 52.52 Nm and for the lateral head – 38.06 Nm. On the basis of dynamic measurements, four activation curves were determined for each of the heads during the 7-second task. For the curves, the sum value of muscle activity in a given period of time was calculated as the area under the curve. Conclusions: Both parts of the series of articles present a series of experimental studies conducted in order to determine the parameters for one patient, for whom a personalized numerical model of the upper limb was ultimately created. Static measurements were carried out to determine the maximum values of the moments of forces. Dynamic measurements allowed for the determination of activity curves during the movement of the upper limb.

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Effectiveness of the power and speed dry-land training in female swimmers aged 15–16

Guzik-Kopyto Agata, Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Nocoń Anna, Gzik Marek, Michnik Robert

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 2

13--21

EN

Purpose: This work aimed to define the impact of the introduction of power and speed dry-land training in female swimmers aged 15–16 on the rise of time results at a distance of 200 m and on the increase of the strength level of the muscle groups in the elbow joint. Method: The investigations were conducted on a group of 28 junior female swimmers: group 1 (aged 13–14) with speed and endurance training based on “water” exercises; group 2 (aged 15–16) with extra power and speed dry-land training. The following parameters were analyzed: time results, the moments of muscle forces in the elbow joint at the extension and flexion movements in isokinetic conditions and the ratio of the values of moments of muscle forces of flexors in relation to extensors. Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were found for the following parameters: the time results from swimming 200 m with ( p < 0.001) and without using lower limbs ( p = 0.031), the ratio of the moments of muscle forces of flexors to extensors ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the correlation analysis show that the higher the moments of muscle forces of flexors and extensors of the elbow joint, the shorter the time obtained in swimming 200 m in the freestyle stroke.

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Postural stability disorders in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip

Truszczyńska A., Rąpała K., Gmitrzykowska E., Trzaskoma Z., Drzał-Grabiec J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 1

45--50

EN

The osteoarthritis of the hip dominant symptom is pain that leads to disability and to postural and gait disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze postural stability and its impact on disability and pain. The study population consisted of 60 patients and control group of 30. Group 1 (n = 30) included patients with unilateral coxarthrosis, aged 56.2 (±12.3) years, BMI 25.17 (±2.87) kg/m2. There were 16 men (53.3%). The mean age of patients in group 2 (n = 30) with bilateral coxarthrosis was 62.3 (±12.1) years; the mean BMI was 24.87 (±2.06) kg/m2. There were 15 men in this group (50%). The patients were evaluated using the WOMAC, the Harris Hip Score, VAS and the Biodex Balance System. Both study groups had stability index results different than the control group. There was a significant correlation between the stability indexes and BMI. VAS correlated with the M-L plane variance. In group 2, there were significant differences related to disability for the disability scales for all measured parameters. Balance disorder is a basic parameter found in coxathrosis. There is a statistically significant correlation between balance disorders and BMI, VAS and functional scales.