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1

Seasonal dynamics of catalase activity in Cystoseira crinita (Black Sea) and Fucus vesiculosus (Barents Sea)

Shakhmatova Olga, Ryzhik Inna

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 4

643--650

EN

The seasonal dynamics of catalase activity of two related species of brown macroalgae, Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Bory (1832) and Fucus vesiculosus L. (1753) was studied. In general, catalase activity (CA) in C. crinita was several times higher than in F. vesiculosus. The maximum values of CA in C. crinita were observed in November and the minimum ones in September. For F. vesiculosus, the maximum CA was found in January and the minimum in April. Abrupt changes in water temperature significantly affected the catalase activity in C. crinita and F. vesiculosus. In both species of algae, a similar seasonal trend in the change of CA was noted: two periods of adaptation adjustment associated with sharp changes in the temperature regime (spring and autumn) were distinguished. In spring, with a rapid increase in the temperature of the water masses, catalase inactivation occurred, whereas during summer to winter transition, accompanied by a sharp water cooling, catalase activity increases. Stabilization of the CA values of the studied macroalgae in the absence of sharp temperature variability was observed. However, this period of "stationary state” varies in time: in Cystoseira crinita it lasts from May to August, and in Fucus vesiculosus it lasts from May to December.

2

Wind characteristics and wind energy assessment in the Barents Sea based on ERA-Interim reanalysis

Duan C., Wang Z., Dong S., Zhenkun L.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 4

415--428

EN

The basic analysis of long-term wind characteristics and wind energy resources in the Barents Sea was carried out from 1996 to 2015 based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset from ECMWF. In recent years, it has been possible to exploit the wind power resources in the Barents Sea at the hub height due to the sea ice cover retreat in the northeast direction. Based on the NSDIC monthly sea ice concentration data, the entire Barents Sea has been partitioned into the ice-free zone and the ice zone. Spatial and temporal distributions of the mean monthly and annual wind speed and wind power density are presented in both zones. Seven points were selected at different locations in the ice-free zone so as to obtain and study the wind roses, the interannual wind power variation and the annual average net electric energy output. For extreme wind speed parameters, the Pearson type III distribution provides better fitness of annual speed extrema and the Gumbel distribution performs well with higher speeds at longer return periods.

3

Distribution of ascaridoid nematodes (Nematoda: Chromadorea: Ascaridoidea) in fish from the Barents Sea

Najda K., Kijewska A., Kijewski T., Plauška K., Rokicki J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 2

128--139

EN

The Ascaridoidea are parasites with heteroxenous life cycles. The study shows that fish can be paratenic, intermediate, or final hosts for parasites, and parasitic fauna reflects the feeding behavior of the hosts. Each species of parasites has also different environmental preferences and host specificity. Parasitic nematodes of fish representing Pleuronectidae, Gadidae, Sebastidae, and Macrouridae were studied. Worms were collected separately from different infection sites: stomach, intestine, liver and body cavity. Nematodes were identified using both morphological and molecular methods (PCR-RFLP). Six nematode species were recorded: Anisakis simplex s.s., Contracaecum osculatum A, B, and C. osculatum C (s.s.), Hysterothylacium aduncum and Pseudoterranova bulbosa. Anisakis simplex s.s. was the most numerous nematode species of all catches combined. Differences in parasite species composition were related to the depth and location of sampling areas. In the fish from deep waters, the abundance of A. simplex s.s. decreased compared to fish from shallow waters and P. bulbosa was the dominant species. Ascaridoid species have specific preferences regarding the impact on various internal organs of fish, which is reflected in their abundance. The presence of Ascaridoidea in the Barents Sea is associated with the distribution of hosts and varying food preferences related to the age of fish. The abundance of parasites varied between different host species.

4

Distribution and abundance of pteropods in the western Barents Sea

Kacprzak P., Panasiuk A., Wawrzynek J., Weydmann A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

393--404

EN

The abundance and horizontal distribution of three pteropod species, Limacina helicina, Limacina retroversa and Clione limacina were examined in the western entrance of the Barents Sea (Polar Front region) in August 2011. Sixteen samples were collected from 8 sampling sites located along a latitudinal transect. The southern part of the study area (south of 73°N) was dominated by L. retroversa, while L. helicina was mostly observed north of 73°N. Surface water temperature differences between the coldest and the warmest station were around 8°C. The highest density of L. retroversa was found in the south, near the Norwegian coast (nearly 52 000 ind. 1000 m−3), while the highest density of L. helicina was observed in the region of the Arctic water masses (nearly 13 000 ind. 1000 m−3). The sampled population of pteropods comprised mainly juvenile stages. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationships between environmental factors (mean and surface salinity, mean temperature, sampling depth, chlorophyll concentration) and the population structure showed that mean temperature was the most important factor in the study area, explaining 70.5% of the pteropod community variation.

5

Monthly dynamics of carbon dioxide exchange across the sea surface of the Arctic Ocean in response to changes in gas transfer velocity and partial pressure of CO2 in 2010

Wróbel I.

Oceanologia

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2017

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No. 59 (4)

445--459

EN

The Arctic Ocean (AO) is an important basin for global oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake, but the mechanisms controlling air–sea gas fluxes are not fully understood, especially over short and long timescales. The oceanic sink of CO2 is an important part of the global carbon budget. Previous studies have shown that in the AO differences in the partial pressure of CO2 (Δp CO2) and gas transfer velocity (k) both contribute significantly to interannual air–sea CO2 flux variability, but that k is unimportant for multidecadal variability. This study combined Earth Observation (EO) data collected in 2010 with the in situ p CO2 dataset from Takahashi et al. (2009) (T09) using a recently developed software toolbox called FluxEngine to determine the importance of k and Δp CO2 on CO2 budgets in two regions of the AO – the Greenland Sea (GS) and the Barents Sea (BS) with their continental margins. Results from the study indicate that the variability in wind speed and, hence, the gas transfer velocity, generally play a major role in determining the temporal variability of CO2 uptake, while variability in monthly Δp CO2 plays a major role spatially, with some exceptions.

6

Satellite observations of seasonal and regional variability of particulate organic carbon concentration in the Barents Sea

Stramska M., Białogrodzka J.

Oceanologia

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2016

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No. 58 (4)

249--263

EN

The Nordic and Barents Seas are of special interest for research on climate change, since they are located on the main pathway of the heat transported from low to high latitudes. The Barents Sea is characterized by supreme phytoplankton blooms and large amount of carbon is sequestered here due to biological processes. It is important to monitor the biological variability in this region in order to derive in depth understanding whether the size of carbon reservoirs and fluxes may vary as a result of climate change. In this paper we analyze the 17 years (1998–2014) of particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration derived from remotely sensed ocean color. POC concentrations in the Barents Sea are among the highest observed in the global ocean with monthly mean concentrations in May exceeding 300 mg m−3. The seasonal amplitude of POC concentration in this region is larger when compared to other regions in the global ocean. Our results indicate that the seasonal increase in POC concentration is observed earlier in the year and higher concentrations are reached in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea in comparison to the southwestern part. Satellite data indicate that POC concentrations in the southern part of the Barents Sea tend to decrease in recent years, but longer time series of data are needed to confirm this observation.

7

Offshore arctic rescue

Pawelski J.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

8121--8128, CD2

EN

Arctic is very specific environment for offshore industry. Rescue in polar conditions is much more difficult due to harsh environment where unprotected human being has no chance to survive. Offshore logistic is responsible for EER at Arctic offshore fields where SAR services support is limited and takes long time. To meet these challenges offshore industry developed new techniques and equipment for rescue purposes. Arctic can be split in three separate regions. Each of them needs different rescue methods and equipment. Rescue methods at Barents Sea are similar to North Sea but taking into consideration much lower temperatures and possibility of ice. Pechora Sea in autumn and winter times has one year ice cover impeding use of typical offshore vessels. Supply operations and EER in such conditions are provided by new class of Multifunction Ice-Breaking Supply Vessels. Third type of Arctic environment is Beaufort Sea with shallow water installations built on made-made islands. Special type of amphibious craft has been developed by offshore industry to facilitate EER for such installations.

PL

Arktyka jest specyficznym środowiskiem dla przemysłu ofshorowego. Ratownictwo w warunkach polarnych jest utrudnione z powodu ostrego klimatu gdzie człowiek bez ochrony nie ma szansy na przeżycie. Logistyka offshorowa jest odpowiedzialna za ratownictwo i ewakuację na arktycznych polach naftowych, gdzie wsparcie służb ratowniczych jest ograniczone i dostępne dopiero po długim czasie. Aby sprostać tym wymaganiom, przemysł ofshorowy opracował nowe techniki ratownicze oraz sprzęt przeznaczony do tego celu.. Metody ratownicze na Morzu Barentsa są podobne do Morza Północnego ale uwzględniaja zancznie niższe temperatury i możliwość wystąpienia lodu. Morze Peczorskie w okresie jesiennym i zimowym jest pokryte jednorocznym lodem, który ogranicza wykorzystanie typowych statków ofshorowych. Zaopatrzenie oraz ratownictwo w takich warunkach zapewniają statki nowego typu: wielofunkcyjne lodołamacze zaopatrzeniowe. Trzecim typem środowiska arktycznego jest Morze Beauforta z płytkowodnymi instalacjami zbudowanymi na sztucznych wyspach. Dla nich przemysł ofshorowy opracował specjalny pojazd amfibijny służący do celów ratowniczych.

8

Summer mesozooplankton community of Moller Bay (Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Barents Sea)

Dvoretsky V. G., Dvoretsky A. G.

Oceanologia

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2013

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No. 55 (1)

205-218

EN

Novaya Zemlya Archipelago is the eastern boundary of the Barents Sea. The plankton of this region have been less intensively studied than those of other Arctic areas. This study of the mesozooplankton assemblage of Moller Bay was conducted in August 2010. The total mesozooplankton abundance and biomass ranged from 962 to 2980 individuals m-3 (mean š SD: 2263 š 921 indiv. m-3) and from 12.3 to 456.6 mg dry mass m-3 (mean š SD: 192 š 170 DM m-3) respectively. Copepods and appendicularians were the most numerous groups with Oithona similis, Pseudocalanusspp., Acartiaspp., Calanus glacialis and Oikopleura vanhoeffenni being the most abundant and frequent. Mesozooplankton abundance tended to decrease with depth, whereas an inverse pattern was observed for the total biomass. Total mesozooplankton biomass was negatively correlated with water temperature and positively correlated with salinity and chlorophyll a concentration. Comparison with previous data showed significant interannual variations in the total zooplankton stock in this region that may be due to differences in sampling seasons, climatic conditions and the distribution of potential food sources (phytoplankton and seabird colonies).

9

Optical water types of the Nordic Seas and adjacent areas [commun.]

Aas E., Hojerslev N. K., Hokedal J., Sorensen K.

Oceanologia

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2013

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No. 55 (2)

471-482

EN

A new map of Jerlov's optical water types in the Nordic Seas and adjacent waters at 139 locations, as well as a table with statistical and geographical properties of the vertical attenuation coefficient of downward irradiance at 475 nm, are presented. The data analysis is based on 715 recordings at different stations, at latitudes between 54° and 82°N, and longitudes between 31°W and 49°E, obtained by different authors from May 1954 to August 2003. The results show that the Atlantic and Polar waters are typically of oceanic type II-III, although during algal blooms the optical conditions may change to coastal types 1, 3 and 5, which are also the most frequent types found in coastal areas.

10

Some features of the quantitative distribution of sipunculan worms (Sipuncula) in the central and southern Barents Sea

Garbul E. A., Anisimova N. A.

Oceanologia

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2012

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No. 54 (1)

59-74

EN

The article reports on the current state of the sipunculan fauna of the central and southern parts of the Barents Sea. The main quantitative parameters (biomass and abundance) of the sipunculan populations are obtained, and the contribution of sipunculids to the total benthos biomass is assessed. The major factors causing long-term variations in Sipunculidae distribution and abundance are evaluated for the area in question. The investigations show that the most commonly encountered sipunculan species are Nephasoma diaphanes diaphanes, N. abyssorum abyssorum and Phascolion strombus strombus. The main contribution to the total benthos biomass comes from the two species most typical of the Barents Sea benthic fauna: Golfingia margaritacea margaritacea and G. vulgaris vulgaris. It is possible that the reduction in Golfingia biomass between the 1970s and 1990s, described in the article, is due to changes in the sampling methodology.

11

O nekotoryh ossobennostah razrabotki arkticeskogo neftegazokondesatnogo pescanoozerskogo mestorozdenia na o. Kolguev v Barenckom More

Bloh S. S., Akopan R. A., Efimova G. H., Kandaurov D. U.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2010

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nr 170 wyd. konferencyjne

427--428

EN

This report describes the main features of a geological structure, porosity and permeability properties of the reservoir, and development history of the field. It is offered usage of new technologies to improve the field development.

12

Rozmiary i przebieg współczesnego ocieplenia Arktyki w rejonie mórz Barentsa i Karskiego

Marsz A. A., Styszyńska A., Zblewski S.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2008

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nr 18

35-67

PL

Celem pracy była analiza rozmiarów i przebiegu współczesnego (1980-2007) ocieplenia wschod-niej części Arktyki Atlantyckiej w rejonie mórz Barentsa i Karskiego. Stwierdzono, że w tym okresie ocieplenie posiadało charakter pulsacyjny, składało się z kolejnych, coraz silniejszych wzrostów temperatury powietrza, oddzielanych od siebie okresami ochłodzeń. Poszczególnym fazom ocieplenia odpowiadają wzrosty transportu ciepłych wód atlantyckich do Morza Barentsa i wzrosty temperatury powierzchni morza (SST). Najwyraźniejsze fazy ocieplenia wystąpiły w latach 1988-1990 i 2002-2007. Najsilniejsze wzrosty temperatury zaznaczyły się w za-chodniej i północno-zachodniej części obszaru, najsłabsze na południowych wybrzeżach mórz Barentsa i Karskiego. Wzrost rocznej temperatury powietrza między okresami 1980-1982 a 2005-2007 może być szacowany na około 5°C w północo-zachodniej części obszaru (N i NW część Morza Barentsa) do około 1.5°C na południowo-wschod-nich wybrzeżach Morza Barentsa i południowo-zachodnich wybrzeżach Morza Karskiego. Analiza trendów wyka-zała, że statystycznie istotne trendy roczne występują jedynie na północnych i zachodnich skrajach badanego obszaru. W trendach sezonowych największą liczbę statystycznie istotnych trendów na poszczególnych stacjach obserwuje się latem. Średnie obszarowe trendy są jednakowe jesienią, zimą i wiosną (+0.065°Cźrok-1), wyraźnie niższe latem (+0.044°Cźrok-1), istotne statystycznie od wiosny do jesieni, nieistotne zimą. Analiza trendów mie-sięcznych wykazuje, że obraz, jaki daje analiza trendów sezonowych wiosny (III-V), lata (VI-VIII), jesieni (IX-XI) i zimy (XII-II) nie daje rzeczywistego obrazu rozkładu zmian temperatury w czasie. Wartości trendów miesięcznych rozłożone są skrajnie nierównomiernie, w okresie od listopada do stycznia oraz w kwietniu średnie wartości tren-dów na omawianym obszarze są większe od 0.1°Cźrok-1, w pozostałych miesiącach zawierają się w granicach od +0.020 (luty) do +0.052°Cźrok-1 (sierpień). Główną przyczyną obserwowanych zmian temperatury powietrza w rejonie obu mórz jest wzrost zasobów ciepła w wodach atlantyckich transportowanych do Arktyki z tropików i subtropików przez cyrkulację oceaniczną. Wzrost zasobów ciepła w wodach kierowanych z delty Golfsztromu na północ prowadzi z 1-4 letnim opóźnieniem do wzrostu SST i spadku powierzchni lodów na Morzu Barentsa, w mniejszym stopniu na Morzu Karskim. Oba czynniki (zmiany SST i zmiany powierzchni lodów) regulują następnie temperaturę powietrza, głównie poprzez wpływ na rozmiary strumieni ciepła z powierzchni morza do atmosfery. Znaczny wpływ na modyfikowanie zmian temperatury powietrza w stosunku do zmian wymuszanych przez zmiany SST ma regionalna cyrkulacja atmosferyczna, natomiast hemisferyczna (Oscylacja Arktyczna) i makroregionalna (NAO) mody cyrkulacyjne wywierają w rozpatrywanym okresie znikomy wpływ na zmiany temperatury powietrza, zmiany SST i zmiany powierzchni lodów morskich na morzach Barentsa i Karskim.

EN

The aim of this work is the analysis of the dimensions and the course of contemporary (1980-2007) warming of the east part of the Atlantic Arctic in the region of the Barents and Kara seas (fig. 1, tab. 1). It has been noted that the warming in that period had pulsating character, was made up of consecutive stronger and stronger increases in air temperature, separated from each other by cooling periods (fig. 4, 6-7). The increase in the transport of warm Atlantic waters into the Barents Sea and the increase in SST (sea surface temperature) of this sea correspond to the subsequent phases of warming. The most significant phases of warming were noted in the years 1988-1990 and 2002-2007 (fig. 4). The strongest increases in temperature were marked in the west and north- west part of this region and the weakest in the south coast of the Barents and Kara seas (fig. 6-7). The annual increase in air temperature between the periods 1980-1982 and 2005-2007 may be estimated as about 5°C in the north-west part of this region (N and NW part of the Barents Sea) and as 1.5°C in the south-east coast of the Barents Sea and south – west coast of the Kara Sea (fig. 8). The analysis of trends indicated that the statistically significant annual trends are only observed in the north and west parts of the examined region (fig. 9-10). The greatest number of statistically significant trends in seasonal trends at the observed stations was noted in summer (table 2). The mean regional trends are equal in autumn, winter and spring (+0.065°Cźyear-1), significantly lower in summer (+0.044°Cźyear-1), statistically significant from spring to autumn and not significant in winter. The analysis of monthly trends indicated that the picture obtained from the analysis of seasonal trends (spring – III-V, summer – VI-VIII, autumn – IX-XI, winter – XII-II) does not reflect the real picture of the distribution of changes in temperature in time. The values of monthly trends are distributed in an extremely uneven way, in the period from November to January and in April the mean values of trends in the examined region are larger than 0.1°C year-1 and in the remaining months can be found within the limits from +0.020 (February) to +0.052°C year-1 (August) - see table 3. The main reason for the observed changes in air temperature in the region of both seas can be attributed to the increase in heat resources in the Atlantic waters transported to the Arctic from the tropics and sub-tropics with the oceanic circulation. The increase in heat resources in the waters imported north from the Gulf Stream, leads to the increase, delayed by 1-4 year in SST and to the decrease in the sea ice cover of the Barents Sea and, to a lesser extent, of the Kara Sea (tab. 4-6, fig. 13 and 15). Both factors (changes in SST and changes in sea ice extent) further control the air temperature mainly via the influence on the size of flow from the sea surface to the atmosphere. Great influence on the modification of changes in air temperature in relation to changes forced by changes in SST has the regional atmospheric circulation, whereas the hemispherical (AO) and macro-regional (NAO) circulation modes have little influence on the changes in air temperature, on changes in SST and on changes in sea ice extent of the Barents and Kara seas.

13

Contrasting zooplankton communities (Arctic vs. Atlantic) in the European Arctic Marginal Ice Zone

Błachowiak-Samołyk K.

Oceanologia

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2008

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No. 50 (3)

363-389

EN

Relationships between the zooplankton community and various environmental factors (salinity, temperature, sampling depth and bottom depth) were established in the European Arctic Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) using multivariate statistics. Three main zooplankton communities were identified: an Atlantic Shallow Community (AtSC), an Arctic Shallow Community (ArSC) and a Deep Water Community (DWC). All species belonging to AtSC and ArSC were pooled and their relative abundances in the total zooplankton calculated with respect to a particular layer (surface, mid and deep strata), regions (the Barents Sea, Fram Strait and the waters off northern Svalbard), years (1999 or 2003) and seasons (spring or autumn). Mapping of the proportions of Arctic and Atlantic species led to the conclusion that zooplankton from the MIZs do not exactly follow complementary water masses, although the general pattern of AtSC and ArSC dominance accords with the physical oceanography of the study area (AtW and ArW respectively). The mid layer proved to be a better predictor of mesozooplankton distribution than the unstable conditions near the surface.

14

Zmiany temperatury powierzchni Morza Barentsa w latach 1951-2006

Zblewski S.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

|

2007

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nr 17

61-70

PL

Praca charakteryzuje zmiany temperatury powierzchni Morza Barentsa (TPM) zachodzące w okresie 1951–2006. Stwierdzono występowanie słabych, dodatnich i istotnych statystycznie trendów TPM w gridach leżących poza obszarem bezpośredniego oddziaływania ciepłych prądów morskich. Odnotowano słaby i nierównomiernie rozłożony w przestrzeni wzrost temperatury powierzchni morza – silniejszy we wschodniej części Morza Barentsa. W badanym okresie (1951–2006) na obserwowaną zmienność rocznej TPM znacznie silniejszy wpływ wywierają procesy oceaniczne niż zmienność zimowej cyrkulacji atmosferycznej.

EN

The aim of this work was to analyse monthly and annual values of sea surface temperatures of the Barents Sea in the years covering the period from 1951 up to 2006 averaged to chosen grids 2x2° (Fig. 1).The analysis showed that in the course of SST a clearly marked period (1976–1988) of significant decrease in annual values of water temperature was noted, with the minimum observed in 1980 (Fig. 2). This phenomenon is connected with Great Salinity Anomaly.The research showed that the general decrease in annual SST takes place towards north-east and at the same time, following the same direction, the increase in amplitude of inter-annual changes can be observed (Fig. 3). ‘The warm sources of the North Cape Current and West Spitsbergen Current moving away and the transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere are the cause of this situation. This significant drop in annual sea surface temperature in the NE part of the Barents Sea is also influenced by flows of cold and fresh Surface Arctic Waters from the Arctic and Kara seas. There were also great differences observed in the course of annual SST in the western and eastern parts of the examined sea area. (Fig.4). In the eastern part rapid falls in water temperature can be noted by even 0.7°C from year to year. They result from the sea ice spreading and Surface Arctic Waters from the Kara Sea and from the north region of the Barents Sea which cut off the flow of heat from the deeper parts of the sea towards the surface and to the atmosphere.In the examined period weak positive trends in the annual sea surface temperature were observed and they are statistically significant in almost all grids (Tab.1). The strongest trends were noted in the east part of the examined sea area. Positive and statistically significant trends of the monthly SST are observed in summer and autumn in grids located farthest NE.The analysis showed that the influence of winter atmospheric circulation on the temperature of the sea surface is weak or rather moderate (Tab. 2) and that the observed changeability in annual sea surface temperature of the Barents Sea is mainly controlled by oceanic processes.

15

Persistent organic pollutant content in cod {Gadus morhua L.) from the Barents Sea region

Sapota G., Wiśniewska-Wojtasik B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.3

65-77

EN

The aim of this study was to examine levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in cod from the Barents Sea. Samples were collected in two regions, the warm waters of the West Spitsbergen Current, where surface temperatures are typically 3.5-6.5°C, and the cold waters of the East Spitsbergen Current, where the surface temperature is generally -1.5-1.5°C. The concentrations of selected POPs were analysed in muscle and liver tissues of cod. The observed POPs content were lower than in comparable samples from urban regions. Significant differences were seen between the POPs contents in samples of cod from the two regions. These differences can be attributed to the distinct characteristics of the two water bodies, the West and East Spitsbergen Currents.

16

Stan termiczny Atlantyku Północnego a zlodzenie mórz Barentsa i Grenlandzkiego (1972-1994)

Styszyńska A.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2004

|

nr 14

39-57

EN

This work deals with correlations between anomalies in SST (sea surface temperature) in the North Atlantic and the sea ice area of the Barents and Greenland seas. This research made use of mean monthly sea ice cover with density >= 10% observed in the Barents and Greenland seas over the period 1972-1994 (calculated on the bases of weekly area of sea ice cover of the above mentioned seas collected in NCDC data set ?1972-1994 Sea Ice Historical Data Set?). The thermal condition of the North Atlantic is characterised by the values of anomalies in mean monthly sea surface temperature (SST) in so called ?controlled grids? (2° x 2°) selected/appointed here by A.A.Marsz (1999a, 2001). Their location is presented in Fig.1. A standard statistical analysis has been used in this research (correlation analysis, regression analysis). The strongest synchronic correlations (observed in the same months) with the sea ice cover of the said seas have been noted in grids located north of the North Atlantic Current and characterising the following waters (Tables 1 and 2): of the Labrador Sea (located within the range of Labrador Current activity) - [50,52], those north of the Gulfstream delta - [40,52] and those located inside the circle of the cyclonic circulation of the North Atlantic - [30,54]. The highest coefficient values of linear correlation, at a level p<0.05 exceeding the statistical significance, were noted in winter months (December, January, February) and those spring ones (April, May, June) as well as in summer - in July and August (the Greenland Sea). There are also several asynchronic correlations. The results of analysis of multiple regression between the SST anomalies and the area of the sea ice cover indicated that the sea areas in which the changeability in their thermal condition has the greatest influence on the formation of the sea ice cover of the said seas are located in the western part of the North Atlantic.

17

Związki bilansu masy lodowców w rejonie Kongsfjordu (NW Spitsbergen) z pokrywą lodową mórz Grenlandzkiego i Barentsa

Styszyńska A.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2002

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nr 12

133-146

EN

The sea ice cover of the Greenland and Barents seas is characterised by great seasonal and interannual changeability which has influence on radiation and heat balance of that region. This changeability is directly observed in changes in atmospheric circulation and further noted in changes in meteorological elements (mainly in air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation and wind). Changes in weather conditions determine both the value of losses of glacier masses in a given balance year and the value of ice masses accumulation. This article tries to find the answer to a question if and to what extent the variability of the extent and rate of the Barents and Greenland seas ice formation is directly reflected in changeability of glaciers masses balance in the region of Spitsbergen. This research was based on the mass balance of two small glaciers located in the region of Kongsfjord, i.e. Austre Brogger and Midre Lovén. The mean monthly values of sea ice cover observed in the Greenland and Barents seas in the period 1972-1994 were used in this research (the values calculated on the basis of 1-week values of these seas ice cover taken from NCDC - Asheville). The values of winter, summer and net balances of the said glaciers were drawn from article by Lefauconnier et al. (1999). In addition, the correlation was examined between the balance Austre Brogger and Midre Lovén glaciers and the changeability of atmospheric circulation described by Niedźwiedź ?circulation types? (2001). The research made use of standard statistical analysis (correlation and regression analysis). Statistically significant correlations have been noted between the values of winter balances of both examined glaciers and the size of ice cover of the Barents and Greenland seas at the initial stage of its formation - in November (r ~ -0.55÷0.64, adj. R2 ~ 0.30÷0.35). The result of analysis of multiple regression indicated that the strongest correlation with ice cover of the Greenland Sea occurs in September, whereas in the Barents Sea in December (R ~ 0.70÷0.83). Changes in sea ice cover observed in that time explain 44% and 65% of changeability in winter balance of Austre Brogger and Midre Lovén glaciers, respectively. These results suggest that the process of heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere may by very intensive when the sea is merely covered with ice in the areas on the way of main directions of air mass advection. This will provide favourable condition for clear domination of sea air masses resulting in the increase in air temperature (Styszyńska 2000) and precipitation in the region of NW Spitsbergen. The summer balance of the examined glaciers is influenced by the changes in ice conditions only to a small extent. The only significant correlation with sea ice condition of the Greenland Sea was noted in August. Lack of the discussed correlation in summer is attributed to the influence of insolation and radiation factors whose importance increase during the polar day (as indicated in research by Lefauconnier et al. (1999)).

18

Ispol'zovanie kremnijorganiceskih seodinenij dla vodoizolacionnyh rabot na skvazinah pescanoozerskogo mestorozdenia (o. Kolgyev Barencevo more)

Samsonov N. A., Stroganov A. M.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2002

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nr 116 wyd. konferencyjne

593--596

RU

Особенности разработки месторождения является естественный режим. Скважины периодически фонтанируют, используя энергию газовой шапки, на естественном газлифте. При этом на наличие 10-^30% воды приводит к прекращению фонтанирования. В связи с этим на пяти скважинах проводились экспериментальные работы по ограничению водопритока с использованием химического реагента АКОР-Б100. Эксперименты показали эффективность реагента. Обводненность продукции снизилась в среднем на 50%. В докладе приводится анализ результатов по всем экспериментальным скважинам и даются практические рекомендации по использованию реагента.

19

Zmiany zlodzenia mórz Grenlandzkiego i Barentsa w świetle zmian wskaźnika intensywności Prądu Labradorskiego (1972-1994). Wstępne wyniki analizy

Styszyńska A.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2001

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nr 11

93-104

EN

The Barents and Greenland seas are characterised by great seasonal and interannual changeability in the ice cover. Research carried out by many authors prove that the ice regime of these seas is influenced, to a great extent, by large scalę changes in atmospheric circulation and by the ocean surface circulation of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. Such correlations arę mainly of teleconnection type and show phase shifts (among others Mysak 1995, Deser et. al. 2000). One of the elements of the sea surface circulation of the Atlantic Ocean is the Labrador Current. The intensity of this current changes in time. In the periods when the Labrador Current becomes strong, its waters form vast anomalies in the sea surface temperaturę in the NW Atlantic. Further they spread eastwards along the north edge of the North Atlantic Current and with some delay, have influence on the atmospheric circulation in the central and east part of the North Atlantic (Marsz 1997, 1999). The way how the changes in the intensity of the Labrador Current influence the climate nas not been discovered yet. The intensity of this current can be defined by means of an index (WPL - Labrador Current Intensity lndex) established by Marsz (Internet). This work examines if there is direct correlatton between the changes in the sea-ice cover of the Barents and Greenland seas and the variability of the intensity index of the Labrador Current. The research madę use of homogenous data concerning a week-old sea ice cover observed at the analysed seas and the values of intensity index of the Labrador Current in the period January 1972 until December 1994 given by Marsz (obtained from NIC and NCDC - Asheville). It has been stated that over the examined 23-year period (1972-1994) the mean monthly the sea-ice cover in the Barents Sea indicates to strong correlation with the changes in the value of the intensity index of the Labrador Current (Table 1, Fig. 1). The changes in WPL result in the rhythm of changes in the sea-ice cover of the Greenland Sea only in winter (Table 2, Fig. 2). The occurrence of anomalies in the sea surface temperatures in the region SE of New Foundland seem to have great influence on the later formation (after few or several months) of the sea-ice cover in the Barents Sea (Fig. 1, 3. 4, formula 1-3). Changes in the intensity of Labrador Current in a given year explain 30% up to 50% changeability of the sea-ice cover developing in that sea from January to July in the following year (Table 1, Fig. 3). The area of the sea-ice cover in the Greenland Sea is mainly influenced by the intensity of the Transpolar Drift and East-Greenland Current transporting considerable amount of ice from the Arctic Ocean. Only during fuli winter season, from January to March, the correlation between the intensity of the Labrador Current and the sea-ice cover reaches statistical significance (Table 2). The results of the carried out analysis point to significant influence of advection factor on the sea-ice cover of the examined seas. In both analysed seas the phenomenon is connected to both the character and intensity of the Atlantic waters flow and to greater frequency of occurrence of specified forms of air circulation in the region of central and eastern part of the North Atlantic, possible at a given distribution of anomalies in surface waters of the North Atlantic.