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Stratigraphic position and sedimentary environment of Late Pleistocene deposits along the cliffed coast of the middle part of the Polish Baltic coast

Krzyszkowski D., Koszka-Maroń D.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 1

48--68

EN

The study was carried out in the wall of a cliff that formed as a result of erosional cutting in the western foreland of a moraine landform from the Pomeranian and Gardno phases (Upper Plenivistulian, Rowy-Ustka clifs; northern Poland). Individual lithostratigraphic units have been documented: glaciofluvial delta deposlts, Poddąbie Till, lacustrine-glacial Wytowno Formation (consisting of three facies: deltaic, lower diamicton, and upper diamicton), lacustrine deposits of the Orzechowo Formation with a thick peat layer, and aeolian series at the cliff crest. The Wytowno Formation deposits include the following lithologies: medium-grained sands, fine-grained sands, muddy sands, muds, silty clays, clays, varved clays, fine-grained multi-fraction deposits, and tills (Dębina Till). Very high inclination of the strata is the result of glaciodynamic deformation. The deposits were accumulated in a proglacial lake. They are characterized by mud and clay as well as sand and sand-muddy lithofacies. The vastness of the water body is evidenced by a considerable size of the delta, and by massive structures of the clay layers.

2

Morphology and Dynamics of the Baltic Sea Shore within Kaliningrad Oblast (Overview)

Babakov A.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2018

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Vol. 65, nr 3

177--202

EN

A review of morphological and morphodynamic studies of the coast of the Kaliningrad oblast has been carried out for half a century. The studies include monitoring measurements by the Atlantic Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (AB IO RAS) with the participation of the state institute Baltberegozashchita (BBZ), as well as pre-war studies and cartographic analyses of long-term coastline migration carried out by the private company Baltic Aerogeodetic Enterprise (BaltAGE). It shows the spatial alternation of abrasive and accumulative areas, as well as frequent changes in beach width and height within the same morphological coast type. A change in the development trend of particular coast sections from year to year was noted. The significant influence of anthropogenic factors on the coastal development was emphasized, including changes in the direction of coastal retreat/advance along an extensive coastal stretch. Comparison of the interannual and nearly century-old dynamics of the coast revealed noticeable differences between them, with opposite trends in several large-scale coast sections.

3

The simplistic nitrogen input and output balance in Lake Łebsko : case study

Cieśliński R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 3

424--443

EN

The paper is based on the hypothesis that coastal lakes significantly affect changes in the quality of freshwater coming from catchments, which is best reflected in the reduction of biogenic loads. Some of the main reasons for this phenomenon include unique geographic locations of coastal lakes and physical and chemical properties of their waters as well as other hydrographic determinants that affect water circulation in catchments. The study area covered the direct drainage basin of Lake Łebsko, which is located in Słowiński National Park in northern Poland, on the coast of the southern Baltic Sea. The study was conducted from June 2008 to October 2010. Fieldwork was the main part of the research project and included hydrographic mapping, water sampling for laboratory analysis, and measurement of the discharge in all tributaries and outflows of the studied lake. Water chemistry data for Lake Łebsko indicate a significant accumulation of biogenic materials in the lake, which proves a strong effect exerted by the lake on the incoming water. This is true for both total chemical loads per year as well as concentrations of selected ions over short time intervals. This standard pattern may be interrupted by seawater intrusions that alter water chemistry in the whole lake.

4

Ingresje i ascenzje wód słonych na Pobrzeżu Słowińskim

Krawiec A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

867--872

EN

The paper presents comprehensive results of the hydrogeochemical and isotope analysis of waters in terms of their genesis and “ages”. Mostly chloride anomalies were found on the Polish Baltic coast. The processes of ascension and ingression of saline and brackish waters are the main reasons for their development. The water exchange rate was determined in each aquifer systems within the study area the results of isotope analysis, the concentrations of 4He and 3H. A significant contribution of infiltrating waters in cold climate is apparent in samples taken from: Ustka, Jarosławiec and Dąbki, for which NGT values range from 4.3 to 5.2°C. Waters with this genesis are found mainly in deep Pleistocene aquifers and Cretaceous roof layers. Changes in the chemical composition of waters in this area are strongly affected by human activity consisting in excessive exploitation of aquifers (mainly in the 1970s and 1980s). The process of saline water penetration into exploited aquifers was most extensive at that time. At present, it has been significantly inhibited as a result of reduced water extraction at the water intakes in this area. New water intakes are located at a considerable distance from the areas threatened with ingression or ascension of brine and saline water.

5

A long-term trend and temporal fluctuations of the sea level at the Polish Baltic coast

Wiśniewski B., Wolski T., Musielak S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.2

96-107

EN

The analysis of sea level record series along the Polish coast is presented. The main aim was to identify linear trends in the sea level changes at the coastal (Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Ustka, Łeba, Władysławowo, Hel, Gdynia, Gdańsk), lagoonal (Trzebież, Tokmicko) and riverine (Szczecin) gauge stations. The analysis showed individual coastal stations to differ in the rate of sea level changes. During 60 years of continuous observations (1947-2006), the differences varied from 1.0 (the western part of the coast) to 2.5 mm year-1 (the eastern part of the coast). The longest, more than 100-yr-long data series showed the sea level rise in Świnoujście and Kołobrzeg to be about 0.5 mm year-1; 1.57 mm year-1 being revealed in Gdańsk. Spectral analysis applied to the data showed numerous fluctuations and cyclicity in changes of the annual mean sea level at the Polish coast. A distinct, major 3-year cycle was revealed. In addition, three secondary cycles of 4.6, 6.7, and 8.6 years were present in the data, more or less clearly identifiable at individual stations.

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Postglacial to Holocene sedimentation history and palaeogeographical development of a barrier spit (Pudagla lowland, Usedom island, SW Baltic coast)

Hoffmann G.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2004

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Vol. 11

83-90

EN

Pudagla lowland is a Holocene barrier spit on the SW Baltic coast. Framed and underlain by Pleistocene deposits, the depression is filled up with up to 20 m of Late Glacial to Holocene sediments. 63 cores were collected using a vibrocore technique. Samples were analysed in terms of granulometry, species associations (molluscs, ostracods). Organic sediments (peat) were used for radiocarbon dating. In total 6 new 14C-data are presented. The sediment sequence starts with a Late Glacial till, overlain by glaciofluvial sand. A lake developed during the Late Preboreal/Early Boreal with a water level of -8 m mean sea level (m.s.l.) with sand the predominant sediment. Minor lakes existed during the Boreal. At around 6500 BP the Littorina transgression reached the study area. Mud and fine to medium sand were deposited forming a barrier spit. At around 1000 BP, the entire Pudagla lowland became terrestrial with peat as the most common surface sediment. Palaeogeographical development is demonstrated by nine evolutionary stages. The assumption of Kliewe, Janke (1982) that the transgression onset varies regionally at the coast of the southern Baltic Sea can be proven by comparison with other areas which have been subject to prior investigations.

7

Procesy ingresji i ascenzji wód na polskim wybrzeżu bałtyckim

Burzyński K., Kozerski B., Sadurski A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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1999

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nr 388 Hydrogeologia

35-48

PL

Słone lub słonawe wody podziemne występują w wielu miejscach wzdłuż polskiego wybrzeża Bałtyku w następstwie ingresji wód morskich wywołanej nadmierną eksploatacją lub ascenzją solanek z warstw mezozoiku. Wyniki badań hydrogeochemicznych, geofizycznych i modelowania filtracji prowadzonych na przestrzeni ostatnich 10 lat pozwoliły wyjaśnić ich zróżnicowane pochodzenie oraz czas przebywania w warstwach wodonośnych wybrzeża. Zróżnicowanie gęstości wód, ciśnień piezometrycznych i zasilania warstw wodami infiltracyjnymi to główne czynniki powodujące przepływ wód słonych na wybrzeżu. Wyróżniono trzy typy jednostek hydrogeologicznych wybrzeża oraz opisano matematyczne modele równowagi wód słonych i słodkich (zwykłych). Główną zasadą w ochronie zasobów wód podziemnych wybrzeża jest ograniczenie wielkości poboru wód przez ujęcia do bezpiecznej, gwarantowanej wydajności, która sprowadza się do poprawnego wyznaczenia zasobów eksploatacyjnych.

EN

Brackish or salt groundwaters occur in many places along the Polish Baltic coast as a results of intrusion due to overexploitation or ascension from Mesozoic strata. The results of hydrogeochemical, geophysical and modelling investigations carried out during the last ten years reveal different origin and residence time of water in the coastal aquifers. Differences in density of waters, piezometric heads and recharge by meteoric water are the main factors of the salinization of the groundwater along the coast. Three types of coastal hydrogeological units were established and mathematical models of salt water transport are quoted. Limitation of groundwater exploitation of the water intakes in this region according to the safe yield of water is the master point of groundwater resources protection.