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Long-term precipitation events in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region

Mačiulytė Viktorija, Rimkus Egidijus, Valiukas Donatas, Stonevičius Edvinas

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (1)

141--150

EN

Precipitation anomalies have a significant impact on both natural environmental and human activity. Long lasting drought analysis has received great attention on a global and regional scale while prolonged rainy periods so far have been much less studied. However, long-term precipitation events are also important and threatening. The situation around the Baltic Sea in 2017 revealed that such periods could cause significant losses in agriculture. The rainy periods of 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days in a given year during which the maximum precipitation amount was recorded in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region were analysed in this study. Daily precipitation amount data from the E-OBS gridded dataset was used. The investigation covered a period from 1950 to 2019. The changes in magnitude and timing of such rainy periods were evaluated. It was found that the annual precipitation in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region increased significantly during the analysed period. Positive changes were observed throughout the year except during April and September. The amounts of precipitation during rainy periods of different duration also increased in most of the investigated areas but changes were mostly insignificant. Consequently, a decrease in the ratio of precipitation amount during the rainy period to annual precipitation was observed. It was also found that the rainy periods occurred earlier, especially in the case of the rainy periods of 60- and 90-days durations. Such tendencies pose an increasing threat to agriculture.

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Changes in the security environment of the Baltic States

Kamiński Mariusz Antoni

Wiedza Obronna

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2020

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nr 4

25--37

EN

The main aim of the article is to analyze the security environment of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The author presents the security dilemmas of the Baltic States before their accession to NATO in 2004 (based on the example of the Republic of Estonia). Subsequently, the author shows the changes that have occurred in the security systems of the Baltic states since the beginning of the hybrid war in Ukraine in 2014. The author also draws attention to key security problems and points to Polish experiences that could be successfully adopted by Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

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General Model of Critical Infrastructure Accident Consequences Application to Chemical Spill Consequences Generated by Dynamic Ship Critical Infrastructure Network Operating at the Baltic Sea Waters. Part 1. Process of Initiating Events

Bogalecka M., Kołowrocki K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2017

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Vol. 8, No. 3

117--122

EN

In the paper, the process of initiating events at the Baltic Sea area identification is performed. Next, the main characteristics of this process are predicted.

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General Model of Critical Infrastructure Accident Consequences Application to Chemical Spill Consequences Generated by Dynamic Ship Critical Infrastructure Network Operating at the Baltic Sea Waters. Part 2. Process of Environment Threats

Bogalecka M., Kołowrocki K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2017

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Vol. 8, No. 3

123--130

EN

In the paper, the process of environment threats at the Baltic Sea area identification is performed. Next, the main characteristics of this process are predicted.

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General Model of Critical Infrastructure Accident Consequences Application to Chemical Spill Consequences Generated by Dynamic Ship Critical Infrastructure Network Operating at the Baltic Sea Waters. Part 3. Process of Environment Degradation

Bogalecka M., Kołowrocki K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2017

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Vol. 8, No. 3

131--138

EN

In the paper, the process of environment degradation at the Baltic Sea area identification is performed. Next, the main characteristics of this process are predicted.

6

Methodology for Port Critical Infrastructures safety and resilience to climate change analysis

Blokus-Roszkowska A., Kołowrocki K., Soszyńska-Budny J.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 2

139--150

EN

The paper presents the terminology of port critical infrastructure including definitions of general terms and definitions of more detailed notions. The European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection and the European Critical Infrastructures are introduced. Furthermore, the port critical infrastructure terminology and related climate and resilience terminology are presented. Next, the taxonomy refers to port critical infrastructure network with notions related to climate change and resilience, and vulnerability of critical infrastructures to climate change are given.

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Conclusions from the workshop on Baltic Sea region critical infrastructure networks and next steps in EU-CIRCLE project research

Kołowrocki K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 2

73--82

EN

The report is devoted to the next steps in the Gdynia Maritime University team EU-CIRCLE project “A pan – European framework for strengthening Critical Infrastructure resilience to climate change” research activity after preliminary analysis of main static and dynamic industry critical infrastructures existing in the Baltic Sea Region performed to classify them as either a single critical infrastructure network or a network of critical infrastructure networks.

8

Znaczenie militarne Morza Bałtyckiego w pierwszej dekadzie po zakończeniu II Wojny Światowej

Gac M.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2015

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R. IX cz. I

35--50

PL

Region Morza Bałtyckiego ze względu na swe specyficzne położenie, jest obszarem szczególnego rodzaju. Usytuowany poza głównymi szlakami komunikacyjnymi, w powojennej polityce, stał się areną zmagań o panowanie militarne i gospodarcze na morzu i lądzie. Zakończenie działań wojennych w maju 1945 roku spowodowało, że w basenie Morza Bałtyckiego funkcjonowały państwa dwóch przeciwstawnych systemów politycznych i militarnych. Taka mozaika polityczno – militarna stała się początkiem bipolarnego podziału kontynentu, na państwa: tak zwanej demokracji ludowej oraz na państwa demokratyczne. Okres ten określany mianem „zimnej wojny”, charakteryzował się rywalizacją, w którym dwa przeciwstawne bloki starały się wywalczyć przewagę nad przeciwnikiem.

EN

The Baltic Sea region because of its unique location is an area of a special kind. Localization just outside of the major transport routes, in the post-war politics, has become an arena of struggle for military and economic domination at sea and on land. The end of the war in May 1945 meant that the Baltic Sea countries operate two opposite political and military systems. This mosaic of political - military was the beginning of the bipolar division of the continent, on the state: the so-called people's democracy and democratic state. This period is called the "cold war", and was characterized by rivalry, in which two opposing blocs sought to win advantage over the opponent.