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Studies on the Effect of Nitrate Esters on the Properties of Advanced Energetic Propellants

Kumar Amit, Chavan Prakash V, Sadavarte Vaibhav S, Bhowmik Debdas, Mada S.S.N.M. Santosh, Pande Shrikant M.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2020

Vol. 17, no. 3

384--407

Propulsion designers all over the world are exploring the possibility of achieving higher performance by enhancing the energy of solid propellants. This can be achieved by replacing non-energetic ingredients with energetic ones or by replacing low density ingredients, particularly binders, with higher density ones, without affecting the processibility and ageing characteristics. The same has been attempted by using nitroglycerine (NG) and butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) as plasticizers in propellant compositions. In the present study, NG and BTTN have been used in different plasticizer to polymer ratios (Pl/Po) and various parameters of each composition have been theoretically predicted. Three propellant compositions plasticized with NG, BTTN and a 1:1 combination of NG and BTTN, have been processed and analyzed for targeted properties. From the theoretical data, it was observed that there is a negligible increase in density impulse beyond a Pl/Po ratio of 2, apart from the higher density and calorimetric values of the NG-plasticized propellant; these plasticizers have a significant effect on the ballistic and mechanical properties. Another observation was that the elongation of BTTN and NG/BTTN (1:1) plasticized propellants is significantly higher at a low crosshead rate than NG-plasticized propellant, implying that the two former propellants have higher strain capabilities at low temperatures and can be used for missiles having long term low temperature storage requirements. Thermal decomposition studies have been carried out by DSC, and for each composition 5 distinct peaks were observed.

An Energetic Binder for the Formulation of Advanced Solid Rocket Propellants

Bhowmik D., Sadavarte V. S., Pande S. M., Saraswat B. S.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2015

Vol. 12, no. 1

145--158

Many promising elastomers and energetic binders are reported in the literature for their probable application in propellant formulations. However, their application in actual systems is still restricted due to many inherent limitations. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the performance of an advanced energetic solid propellant based on an energetic binder comprising a polyol with high hydroxyl functionality plasticized with 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN). In order to examine the physico-chemical properties of the BTTN/Polyol binder system, the polyol and a series of binders have been formulated and cured with different di-isocyanates viz. TDI, IPDI and H12MDI, and the cured binder sheets were evaluated for their mechanical properties, decomposition temperatures and glass transition temperatures (Tg). The pot life of a representative binder system with various di-isocyanates has also been determined using a gelation timer apparatus. The overall result of this study establishes that the energetic binder system under study has potential applications in the formulation and processing of advanced energetic solid propellant compositions for case bonded rocket motors, offering higher density, higher energy and better low temperature strain capability as compared to conventional HTPB-based composite propellants.