Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Water quality assessment in the Bedadung River using self-purification optimisation and water quality allocation in Indonesia

Novita Elida, Setyono Prabang, Rini Titien Setiyo, Andriyani Idah, Pradana Hendra Andiananta, Verynikaningrum Verynikaningrum

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2024

|

no. 61

71--78

EN

This research analyses the characteristics of pollution sources and evaluates the water quality of the Bedadung River at the Perumdam Tirta Pandalungan water intake, as a component of the municipal waterworks for the Jember Regency. Utilising self-purification optimisation with linear programming and the Indonesian water quality classification, the study unfolds in a systematic fashion. The research was broken down into the following stages: (1) analysis of the characteristics and distribution of pollution sources, (2) capacity determination using mass balance and the Streeter-Phelps method, and (3) optimisation of organic pollution sources. The input data for the study comprised biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), discharge, river profile, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The pollution source identification results around the Bedadung River segment showed that 13 wastewater monitoring points were dominated by domestic activities with quality (BOD) in the range 1.01–3.18 mg∙dm-3. This did not exceed the established domestic wastewater quality standards in Indonesia. The total pollution load capacity - BOD at the Perumdam Tirta Pandalungan water intake in the Sumbersari (T2) and Kaliwates (T3) segments was determined using self-purification optimisation and it exceeded class I designation standard for river water quality established by the Indonesian government. The maximum BOD value using self-purification optimisation in the Sumbersari (T2) segment was 11.44 mg∙dm-3 compared to 13.45 mg∙dm-3 in the Kaliwates (T3) segment. The maximum BOD for class I water quality is 2 mg∙dm-3. The class I water quality standard is thus more stringent in maintaining river water quality compared to self-purification.

2

Enhancing Energy Production and Pollutants Removal in Landfill Leachate Using Anode-Modified Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells

Emalya Nikita, Tarmizi Tarmizi, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna, Munawar Edi, Yunardi Yunardi, Fathanah Umi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 3

28--37

EN

The utilization of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology presents a paradigm-shifting method for converting the chemical energy obtained from organic and inorganic compounds found in sediment and wastewater substrates into electrical energy. This concept exhibits potential as an environmentally sustainable solution within the future energy sector and presents opportunities for wastewater remediation. This study aims to investigate the influence of anode modification in the SMFC system on generating electrical energy and removing pollutants in landfill leachate. The modification entails synthesizing a nanostructured copper layer on stainless steel (Cu-SS), subsequently compared to the conventional copper (Cu) anode. Results underscore the effectiveness of anode modification, as SMFCs featuring modified anodes exhibit twice the electrical output compared to unmodified counterparts. Modified anode SMFCs yield voltage and current density readings of 615 mV and 17 mA/m2, respectively. In addition to electricity generation, the study delves into the SMFC’s efficacy in nitrogen compound removal. Experimental results unveil the impressive capability of modified anode SMFCs, achieving 81.02% removal of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), while unmodified counterparts reach 76.64%. Furthermore, the removal percentages for ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite compounds within SMFCs equipped with modified anodes are 88%, 51%, and 13%, respectively. This comprehensive analysis underscores the multifaceted benefits of anode modification, amplifying electrical output and enhancing the SMFC’s proficiency in nitrogen compound removal, thereby contributing to its potential applications in developing sustainable wastewater treatment and energy generation systems.

3

The Application of Membrane Bioreactor for Greywater Treatment

Fikri Elanda, Zulkarnain Oryza Filial, Azizah R., Latif Mohd Talib, Firmansyah Yura Witsqa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 6

207--213

EN

Urban planning management should consider wastewater as a challenge. Wastewater, in this case, grey water, is full of dangerous contaminants and, at specific concentrations, can turn into a substance that affects the environment. The effluent of the released waste must therefore be managed to ensure that it complies with the government’s quality standard criteria. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology process produced waste effluents with low concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC), proving its higher efficiency as a biological processing stage. Total coliforms and E. coli are not present in processed products, detergents and total suspended solid (TSS) are effectively degraded. This is made possible by the considerably lower organic load; as a result, biomass accumulation slows and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), which have low value, are produced. With the assistance of continuous airflow, and without the use of chemicals or backwashing, an ultrafiltration module (UF) with a membrane cut-off size small enough to be able to create a constant permeate flux during the grey water treatment process is necessary. Although processed grey water does not pass denitrification, all parameters linked to the quality of the effluent water exceed environmental quality criteria.

4

Application of QUAL2K Model for Simulating Water Quality in Hilla River, Iraq

Al-Dalimy Shahad Z., Al-Zubaidi Hussein A. M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 6

272--280

EN

The quality of the water in Iraq’s Hilla River has been severely degraded as a result of human activities and industrial development. The QUAL2K model, a widely used one-dimensional water quality model, was used to simulate the river’s water quality parameter of CBODu and DO utilizing river and point-source flows rate as well as quality of water metrics observed along the river. Despite a severe lack of data in the research region, the QUAL2K model was determined to be an adequate instrument for the evaluation of quality of water. Simulated results of DO, BOD5, and temperature for the period (October 2022) showed the robustness of the model. Results showed that the two parameters (CBOD and DO) ranged between (9.5 and 10.65) mg/L and between (1.425 and 3.075) mg/L, respectively. Based on statistics, good agreement was found between the model predictions and field data. Thus, using QUAL2K model is an effective tool to manage the river water quality.

5

Reduction of Contaminants from Municipal Wastewater of Salori Sewage Treatment Plant Using Electrochemical Membrane Bioreactor and Bioelectricity Generation

Yadav Saurabh, Kamsonlian Suantak, Gola Deepak, Pal Shubham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 1

264--271

EN

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is stable and rising wastewater treatment reactor though membrane fouling and energy expenditure remain operational impediments and challenges for the wider deployment of the MBR technology. The majority of municipal wastewater contains low quantities of suspended, dissolved inorganic and organic particles. Proteins, carbohydrates, synthetic detergents, lignin, soaps, lipids and their decomposition products, along with many natural and synthetic organic chemicals from industrial processes, are also examples of impurities present in water. In addition, municipal wastewater contains a variety of inorganic chemicals, such as heavy metals, which might have phytotoxic and health consequences, limiting its usage in agriculture. In this study, an electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) has been developed to reduce several impurities from real municipal wastewater; moreover bioelectricity was also generated simultaneously. The maximum removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solid (TDS) were 35.57%, 31.55%, and 32.84 %, respectively, after a 5-day experimental run.

6

Long-term water quality monitoring using Sentinel-2 data, Głuszyńskie Lake case study

Ciężkowski Wojciech, Frąk Magdalena, Kardel Ignacy, Kościelny Marcin, Chormański Jarosław

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2022

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Vol. 31, No. 4

283--293

EN

This study shows the results of long-term inland water monitoring using Sentinel-2 data for Głuszyńskie Lake in the years 2015–2022. Four water quality parameters: biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll concentration (CHL) and electrical conductivity (EC) were calculated according to formulas found in the literature. The results were validated based on measurements conducted in 2021 and 2022, where for BOD, DOC and CHL high determination coefficients (0.77 and 0.79) were observed, and the EC determination coefficient was equal to 0.45. The results show that empirical formulas can be used for qualitative analyses of inland water quality, while for quantitative analyses more extensive field work needs to be performed.

7

Effectiveness and Adaptability of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) Mart. Solm in its Role in Reducing COD and BOD Levels in Petroleum Liquid Waste

Hardestyariki Dwi, Fitria Syarifa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 5

26--29

EN

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and ability of water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Mart. Solm) in reducing the COD and BOD levels in petroleum liquid waste. Petroleum liquid waste is one type of waste that pollutes the environment if it is not treated first. In this study, the biological treatment techniques were carried out using the phytoremediation techniques. Phytoremediation is an effort to reduce and improve the quality of waste by using plant agents so that the levels of pollutants contained in the waste can be reduced. The phytoremediation techniques are carried out using a simple bioreactor with various concentrations of petroleum liquid waste, namely control (0% waste), 10% waste, 20% waste, and 30% waste. The results of this study showed that the water hyacinth plant was able to tolerate liquid petroleum waste, which was indicated by the water hyacinth plant being able to survive up to a concentration of 30% for approximately 2 months. On the basis of the measurement of BOD and COD of petroleum liquid waste before phytoremediation was carried out, it was 20 mg/l and 10.04 mg/l, respectively. At 10% effluent concentration, the BOD and COD values decreased to 4.11 mg/l and 14.7 mg/l, respectively. At 20% effluent concentration, the BOD and COD values also showed a decrease to 3.73 mg/l and 9.14 mg/l, respectively. At 30% effluent concentration, the BOD and COD values showed a decrease to 3.73 mg/l and 1.22 mg/l, respectively. The ability of the water hyacinth plant to reduce the BOD and COD values can show its effectiveness to be used as a phytoremediation agent for petroleum waste.

8

Methods of processing whey waste from dairies. A review

Poništ Juraj, Dubšíková Veronika, Schwarz Marián, Samešová Dagmar

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 4

67--84

EN

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the methods of processing whey. The valorization method is suitable for the use of cheese whey and whey permeate to produce beverages with or without microbial conversion. However, this method does not ensure microbial conversion of lactose. Therefore, the organic load will not be reduced. The main advantage of aerobic decomposition is the relatively rapid degradation of organic matter. However, the high organic load in the crude cheese whey makes aerobic decomposition unsuitable and restrictions on oxygen transport may occur. Anaerobic decomposition can be used in various areas for the treatment of waste with a high organic load. The disadvantage of anaerobic processes is a higher cost compared to aerobic treatment. The combination of individual technologies significantly reduces the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic process and improves waste treatment. At present, there is a lack of studies in this area.

9

Research of the Dimethylamine Influence on Removal of Organic Pollution and Nitrogen in Wastewater

Makisha Nikolay

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 2

92--103

EN

The research was carried out because of a survey of wastewater treatment plant of a chemical factory, which is planned to receive the dimethylamine-containing wastewater flow. It was essential to investigate the influence of dimethylamine and removal on organiс pollutants and nitrogen compounds as well as to determine the limiting concentration of dimethylamine. There were variable concentrations of dimethylamine (20–500 mg/L) under investigation in several simultaneous laboratory benches. The results showed that the dimethylamine concentration lower than 40 mg/L showed almost no impact on wastewater treatment; meanwhile, the growth of concentration up to 300 mg/L (and above) dropped the treatment efficiency by times.

10

Assessment of the effluent polishing plant using a ultrafiltration membrane installed at a palm oil mill

Abdul Hadi Numan, Hawari Yahaya, Ngatiman Muzzammil, Jalani Nor Faizah, Wahab Noorshamsiana Abdul, Halim Rohaya Mohamed

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2019

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Vol. 45, nr 1

155--170

EN

Palm oil mills discharge raw effluent with high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of about 25 000 mg O2/dm3 . Conventional effluent treatment system uses ponds with a long hydraulic retention time of about 55–85 days, but the reduction of BOD is usually halted at 100–250 mg O2/dm 3. Further reduction of BOD to below 20 mg O2/dm3 to meet regulation requirement needs further advanced treatment. This study evaluates the efficiency of an effluent polishing plant installed at a palm oil mill targeting final effluent BOD below 20 mg O2/dm3. Characteristic of the incoming and treated effluent, dissolved oxygen in the aeration ponds and the effluent flow rate of the treatment plant have been determined. Due to low process throughput at the mill, the polishing plant operated at only 60% of its designed capacity. Treatment of effluent showed reduction of BOD from 39.3±5.8 to 6.1±3.8 mg O2/dm3, i.e., a reduction by 80–94%. Colour – a newly proposed regulation parameter – was reduced from 1081±69 to 845±60 ADMI, i.e., by 11–30%. This study indicates that while the treatment of effluent to reduce the BOD to below 20 O2/dm3 O2/dm3 is feasible, reduction of colour to less than 100 ADMI is not achievable.

11

Study on the Development of Household Wastewater Treatment Unit

Ghawi A. H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 2

63--71

EN

The cities of Iraq in general and the city of Al Diwaniyah in particular are characterized by the fact that the majority of households use septic tank to dispose of sewage, leading to contamination of ground and surface water and a disturbance to the environment. The objective of this study is to protect the water and soil sources from the risk of pollution, eliminate the process of perfusion and thus, reduce costs, maintain public health, as well as design and implement the proposed purification unit for domestic wastewater treatment. A domestic wastewater treatment unit has been improved to meet the standard specifications for the quality of the effluent wastewater. In this study, a compact non-electric sewage treatment unit was improved and implemented. Treatment is based on an effective modern biological purification process. Experimental verification and analysis of results were performed to demonstrate the improvement of physical and chemical parameters. The performance of the septic tanks-bioreactor gave satisfactory results. The removal efficiencies of Total Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NH4-N, Total Nitrogen and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) were 96.9%, 84.6%, 78.8%, 79.9% and 95.3%, respectively.

12

Biodegradacja serwatki w bioreaktorze membranowym

Lech M., Trusek-Hołownia A.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2017

|

Nr 3

84--85

PL

Celem pracy było opracowanie procesu biodegradacji serwatki lub permeatów serwatki w bioreaktorze membranowym. Na wylocie z bioreaktora została umieszczona membrana mikrofiltracyjna separująca komórki bakteryjne szczepu Lactobacillus rhamnosus, które pozostając w strefie reakcji zwiększały wydajność procesu. Wysoka koncentracja biomasy spowodowała, że strumień wylotowy zawierał o 73% mniej laktozy niż strumień opuszczający klasyczny bioreaktor mieszalnikowy pracujący w takich samych warunkach.

EN

The aim of this work was the development of biodégradation process of whey or whey permeates in a membrane bioreactor. A microfiltration membrane was located in outlet stream which separated Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteria in the bioreactor zone and thus the immobilized strain increased the process yield. The high biomass concentration caused the decrease of lactose concentration of about 73% in the outlet stream in comparison to a classical stirred bioreactor.

13

Zastosowanie metody Fentona do remediacji odcieków składowiskowych

Muszyńska J., Sikorski M., Gawdzik J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2016

|

Nr 8

294--296

PL

Przedstawiono metodę pogłębionego utleniania, Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), polegającą na wytworzeniu wysoko reaktywnego rodnika hydroksylowego ('OH). Rodnik ten ma najwyższy ze znanych utleniaczy potencjał utleniający, równy 2,75 V i działa efektywnie na większość związków organicznych. Omówiono jeden ze sposobów wytwarzania tego rodnika, a mianowicie poprzez reakcję Fentona, w której substratem jest mieszanina żelaza (II) i nadtlenku wodoru, a produktami żelazo (III), wytrącające się w formie koloidu wodorotlenku żelazowego (III), i rodnik hydroksylowy. W pracy nie tylko wykazano, że reakcja utleniania odczynnikiem Fentona jest skuteczną metodą podczyszczania odcieków ze składowisk odpadów, ale również dobrano proporcje mieszaniny utleniającej zapewniające jej wysoką aktywność.

EN

The method of Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), based on creating highly reactive hydroxyl radicals ('OH) has been presented in this paper. These radicals have the highest value of the oxidizing potential (2.75 V) amongst the known oxidizers and affect effectively on the most organic compounds. One of the ways of creating the radicals ('OH) is the Fenton’s reaction, in which a mixture of the iron (II) and hydrogen peroxide is the substrate and the iron (III), precipitated in the form of the colloidal iron (III) hydroxide, and hydroxyl radical are the products. In this paper, not only one has proved that the Fenton’s oxidizing reaction is the effective method of landfill leachates pre-treatment but also established the quasi-optimal composition of the substrate mixture, as well.

14

Performance of green wall treatment of brewery wastewater

Wolcott S., Martin P., Goldowitz J., Sadeghi S.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 42, nr 4

137--149

EN

Green walls or living walls are architectural installations comprised of plants growing in soil filled, modular panels that are attached to interior or exterior walls. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using green walls to pretreat wastewater generated by small to medium sized food and beverage manufacturers. A 1.2 m high green wall was constructed using two, 610 mm×610 mm panels filled with recycled glass media and planted with Epipremnum aureum. Brewery wastewater was recirculated through the system under four experimental scenarios: media, only; media with bio-film; media with plants; and media with plants and biofilm. Reduction of BOD was at least 65% after 24 hours in all four scenarios. Removal of turbidity, BOD, and total nitrogen was similar in scenarios involving biofilm with or without plants. Green walls appear to offer a space and cost efficient method for pretreating wastewater generated by beverage and food industries.

15

Assessment of surface water pollutant models of estuaries and coastal zone of Quang Ninh – Hai Phong using Spot-5 images

Ke L. C., Van Trang H. T., Liem V. H., Tuong T. N., Duyen P. T.

Geodesy and Cartography

|

2015

|

Vol. 64, no. 1

29--42

EN

The coastal zone and estuaries of Quang Ninh and Hai Phong have great potential not only for economic development but also for protection and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem. Nowadays, due to industrial, agricultural and anthropogenic activities signs of water pollution in the region have been found. The level of surface water pollution can be determined by traditional methods through observatory stations. However, a traditional approach to determine water contamination is discontinuous, and thereby makes pollution assessment of the entire estuary very difficult. Nowadays, remote sensing technology has been developed and widely applied in many fields, for instance, in monitoring water environments. Remote sensing data combined with information from in-situ observations allow for extraction of polluted components in water and accurate measurements of pollution level in the large regions ensuring objectivity. According to results obtained from Spot-5 imagery of Quang Ninh and Hai Phong, the extracted pollution components, like BOD, COD and TSS can be determined with the root mean square error, the absolute mean error and the absolute mean percentage error (%): ±4.37 (mg/l) 3.86 (mg/l), 27%; ±55.32 (mg/l), 48.30 (mg/l), 14%; and ±32.90 (mg/l), 23.38 (mg/l), 28%; respectively. Obtained outcomes guarantee objectivity in assessing water contaminant levels in the investigated regions and show the advantages of remote sensing applications in Resource and Environmental Monitoring in relation to Water – Air – Land.

PL

Strefa przybrzeżna i ujścia rzek w Quang Ninh – Hai Phong ma potencjał do rozwoju gospodarczego i ochrony różnorodności biologicznej i ekosystemu. Ostatnio stwierdzono tam wiele oznak zanieczyszczenia wody. Poziom zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych może być określany na stacjach obserwacyjnych metodami tradycyjnymi, jednak znacznie szybsze i dokładniejsze jest wykorzystanie metod teledetekcyjnych. Analiza obrazów Spot-5 w Quang Ninh – Hai Phong umożliwiła stwierdzenie obecności różnych zanieczyszczeń, w tym BOD, COD i TSS ze średnim błędem kwadratowym, średnim błędem absolutnym i średnim błędem względnym odpowiednio: ± 4.37 (mg/l), 3.86 (mg/l), 27%; ± 55.32 (mg/l), 48.30 (mg/l), 14%; ± 32.90 (mg/l), 23.38 (mg/l), 28%. Otrzymane wyniki gwarantują obiektywizm przy ocenie poziomu zanieczyszczeń w badanych regionach i pokazują korzyści zastosowań teledetekcji w monitoringu zasobów i środowiska w odniesieniu do wody – powietrza – terenu.

16

Analiza statystycznej zmienności składu ścieków w mechaniczno-biologicznej oczyszczalni

Płuciennik-Koropczuk E., Wojciech M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

|

2013

|

nr 151 (31)

131--142

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy statystycznej zmienności składu ścieków w kolejnych procesach mechaniczno-biologicznego oczyszczania. Rozkład stężeń zanieczyszczeń oraz podstawowe wartości statystyk opisowych przedstawiono za pomocą wykresów pudełkowych. Wykonano również oceny współzależności między wskaźnikami ChZTCr, BZT5 i OWO dla próbek ścieków po kolejnych procesach oczyszczania.

EN

The paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of variability of the composition of the wastewater in the subsequent processes of treatment. Distribution of pollutant concentrations and the core values of descriptive statistics are presented in the form of graphs boxed. Also performed evaluation of the relationship between indicators COD, BOD5 and TOC in wastewater samples after subsequent treatment processes.

17

Własności chemiczne podczyszczonych odcieków ze składowiska odpadów komunalnych w aspekcie wybranych metod ich unieszkodliwiania

Bauerek A., Korczak K.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2013

|

Nr 5

209--214

PL

Odcieki ze składowiska odpadów komunalnych poddane proceso¬wi wstępnego oczyszczania w zbiorniku retencyjnym charakteryzują się relatywnie niskimi stężeniami zanieczyszczeń (mediana stężeń BZTS - 26 mg/l, ChZT - 497 mg/l, N-NH4- 185 mg/l). Jednak stosunek BZT/ChZT (0,02-0,09) wskazuje, że odcieki te są trudne do oczyszczenia metodami biologicznymi i pozostają odpadem wymagającym specjalnych technik unieszkodliwiania. Przeanalizowano możliwość wprowadzania odcieków do oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych oraz zastosowania metody hydrofitowej w ich oczyszczaniu. Wykonana symulacja wskazuje, że wzrost stężenia głównych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń w surowych ściekach komunalnych, po zmieszaniu ich z odciekami, będzie nieznaczny i nie zaburzy pracy oczyszczalni. Natomiast dotychczasowe doświadczenia wskazują, że oczyszczanie odcieków w oczyszczalniach hydrofitowych może być metodą alternatywną zapewniającą znaczną redukcję zanieczyszczeń.

EN

Leachates from municipal waste dump subjected to the process of pretreatment in storage reservoir are marked by relatively low concentration of contaminations (concentration median BOD - 26 mg/1, COD - 497 mg/1, N-NH4 - 185 mg/1). However the BOD/COD ratio points to leachates being difficult to treat with biological methods, remaining the waste which demands special neutralization technics. The possibility of releasing leachates into municipal waste water treatment plant and implementing constructed wetland to treat them ware analyzed. The simulations demonstrate that increase of concentrations of the main pollutions in municipal wastewater after mixing with leachates will be insignificant and will not influence the waste water treatment plant functioning. However previous experience points to, the treatment of leachates in constructed wetland as an alternative method ensuring significant pollutions reduction.

18

Podatność ścieków na rozkład biochemiczny w procesach mechaniczno-biologicznego oczyszczania

Płuciennik-Koropczuk E., Jakubaszek A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

|

2012

|

nr 148 (28)

73-83

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wykorzystania współzależności między wskaźnikami zanieczyszczeń organicznych do oceny podatności ścieków na rozkład biochemiczny. Współczynniki wyznaczano dla ścieków po kolejnych procesach oczyszczania. Zmiany wartości ilorazów ChZT_Cr/BZT_5 i BZT_5/OWO w oczyszczalni w Zielonej Górze były typowe dla poprawnego procesu oczyszczania w układzie mechaniczno-biologicznym.

EN

The paper presents results of research on the use of the relationship between indicators of organic pollutants to assess the suitability of the distribution of biochemical treatment. The coefficients were determined for wastewater after successive treatment processes. Changes in the value ratios of COD/BOD and BOD/TOC in WWTP in Zielona Gora were typical for the correct cleaning process in the mechanical-biological system.

19

Analysis of chosen models describing the changes in BOD5 in sewages

Siwiec T., Kiedryńska L., Abramowicz K., Rewicka A

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2012

|

Vol. 38, nr 2

61--76

EN

The paper presents a comparative analysis of five models describing the changes in BOD5 based on results of the experimental research. The model of Thomas (1950), Navone (1960), Fujimoto (1964), Adrian and Sanders (1992-1993) as well as Young and Clark (1965) used by Adrian and Sanders (1998) were studied. The values of BOD5 were measured for 5 days with the measurement step of 3 h in every sample out of 92. Therefore, each course of the variation was described by 40 measurement points. To define the influence of the processes of nitrification on the level of BOD5, each sample was examined with addition of an inhibitor of nitrification and without it. It was found that reaction constant did not depend on the final value of BOD in the models of the firstt order (Thomas, Navone and Fujimoto) contrary to the models of the second order (Young and Clark), and especially the half order (Adrian and Sanders). It is the easiest to define the lag phase of the time dependence BOD by the model of Thomas, which clearly depicts the border between the growth sequence of BOD and the initial fluctuations of the growth. The influence of the nitrification inhibitor on the course of the BOD was not noticed in all samples. It suggests that the process of nitrification occurred in a part of the samples almost from the first day and more often from the second or third day and in others this process did not occur in the whole measurement period (5 days) at all.

20

Ocena podatności na biodegradację oraz toksyczność wybranych roślinnych związków fenolowych i ich pochodnych

Samsonowicz M., Kalinowska M., Matejczyk M., Rafało M., Lewandowski W.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2012

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T. 17, nr 2

75-82

PL

Kwasy cynamonowy, p-kumarowy oraz kawowy to występujące w roślinach związki o szeroko znanych właściwościach antyutleniających oraz antybakteryjnych. Ich sole to potencjalne nowe konserwanty, które ze względu na naturalne pochodzenie byłyby przyjazne dla człowieka i środowiska. W ramach pracy zsyntezowano sole ww. kwasów, oceniono ich skład za pomocą spektroskopii w podczerwieni (FT -IR). Zbadano toksyczność ostrą w stosunku do organizmów wskaźnikowych oraz podatność na biodegradację (stosując wskaźniki: biochemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen, BZT; chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen (ChZT), rozpuszczony węgiel organiczny, RWO) wybranych pochodnych kwasu cynamonowego i ich soli. Zmiany stężeń związków w trakcie pomiarów oceniono za pomocą absorpcyjnej spektroskopii elektronowej (UV/VIS).

EN

Cinnamic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, naturally present in many plants, are commonly known because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Their salts are potentially new preservatives, which because of their natural origin, would be safe for human and environment. In the frame of this work selected salts of these acids were synthetized and their constitution was estimated by the use of infrared spectroscopy. The acute toxicity toward indicator organisms and susceptibility to biodegrada- tion (by means of: biochemical oxygen demand, BOD; dissolved organic carbon, DOC) of cinnamic acid derivatives and their salts were studied. Changes in the concentration of individual compounds were determined by UV/VIS spectroscopy.