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The Ability of Mangrove Plant on Lead Phytoremediation at Wonorejo Estuary, Surabaya, Indonesia

Luthansa Uridna Marwah, Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, Pratikno Herman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

253--268

EN

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal often discovered to be polluting the water areas. One of the efforts made to overcome the heavy metal pollution in estuaries was phytoremediation technique using mangroves. The Wonorejo River was one of the rivers that received industrial waste loads. There were various types of mangrove plant species at the estuary of the Wonorejo River. The location of this research was divided into 3 monitoring stations (A, B, C). Station A was directly adjacent to the estuary, as location C was farther away and very close to the sea. However, station B was located between location A and B. This study aimed to determine the ability of mangrove in remediating and illustrating the distribution of Pb, at the Wonorejo River estuary. Moreover, it also aimed to determine the values of Bioconcentration (BCF) and Translocation (TF) Factors in the ability of Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia lanata, and Rhizophora stylosa to accumulate Pb. The samples were the roots, stems, and leaves of mangroves, with the water and sediment at the Wonorejo estuary, as all solid materials were also extracted. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentration, using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest average Pb concentration for waters and sediments was obtained at station C and A, with values of 0.069 mg/L and 4.22 mg/kg, respectively. It was further observed that the Pb concentration in the water was lower than in sediment, indicating that the metal was accumulated in the sediments. On the basis of the BCF value, the most effective mangrove involved in the accumulation of Pb was A. alba. The highest values of TF for both root to stems and to leaves in the accumulation of Pb was also discovered in A. lanata and A. alba mangroves, respectively. On the basis of the Pb distribution mapping, the concentration of the metal was shown to increased, as the research location moved further away from the estuary. Conclusively, each type of mangrove had different ability to accumulate and translocate Pb in its body, with the potential of using those plants as phytoremediaton agents for the metal.

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Znaczenie sił styku w testach układów scalonych płytek krzemowych. Cz. 1

Dąbrowiecki Krzysztof

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2021

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Vol. 62, nr 4

21--25

PL

W części pierwszej artykułu przedstawiono znaczenie siły docisku w kartach wspornikowych jako jednego z najważniejszych parametrów w testowaniu układów scalonych. Zaprezentowano właściwości materiałów używanych do budowy mikrokontaktorów (μkontaktorów) wspornikowych. Omówiono udoskonaloną metodę projektowania μkontaktorów wsporników.

EN

The first part of the article presents the importance of the contact force in cantilever probe cards as one of the most important parameters in the IC testing. Properties of materials used in the construction of cantilever probes (μcontactors) are presented. An improved method of probe designing with the use of the 3D finite element models is discussed.

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Chromium Accumulation by Avicennia alba Growing at Ecotourism Mangrove Forest in Surabaya, Indonesia

Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, Pratikno dan Herman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 2

222--227

EN

The Ecotourism Mangrove Forest at Wonorejo in East Coast Surabaya area is one of large mangrove forests inside in the metropolitan city in Indonesia. There are many ecological values of the mangrove forest in most tropical countries such as sea fisheries, place of sea and coastal animals, sea and brackish water quality protecting the endangered mangrove coastlines and development of human life. The role of mangrove in increasing the sea and brackish water quality can be shown through many processes such as cycling of nutrients, particulate matter and some pollutants in water and sediment around the mangrove plants. One of the inorganic pollutants that can be removed by mangrove are heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr). The Wonorejo River is one of the rivers that receive the disposal of wastewater in Surabaya East Coast area. Large quantitites of wastewater from industries and households were released to this river. The concentration of Cr at the Wonorejo Estuary reached 0.0325 mg/L and 2.7761 mg/L in sediments. The purpose of this research was to determine the potency of Cr accumulation by Avicennia alba that was grown for ten years at Wonorejo Ecotourism Mangrove Forest. The sampling activities were conducted using a transect quadrat sampling method with a 10x10 m dimension. The sediment and mangrove root samples were extracted before being analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the Cr accumulation by roots of A. alba reached 25.4 ± 1.6 to 55.3 ± 1.1. The BCF value in A. alba were 0.32 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.5 with the concentration Cr in sediment were 60 ± 1.4 to 79.3 ± 1.1. A. alba showed potential as a moderate accumulator for Cr. In conclusion, A. alba can be considered for use in phyto-monitoring and phytoremediation of Cr in coastal areas.

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Bioaccumulation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid in a simple marine trophic chain

Nędzi M., Latała A., Nichthauser J., Stepnowski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 2

149-154

EN

This study focused on the bioaccumulation intensities of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) by two invertebrates: Mytilus trossulus and Balanus improvisus and the green alga Chlorella vulgaris. The bioconcentration of bmimCl by two invertebrates was tested in the contaminated water, both with and without the presence of green algae previously exposed to the bmimCl. The experimentally obtained bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are quite low and do not exceed the value of 10. The presence of contaminated C. vulgaris in the water induces an increase in BCF of barnacles up to 80% in comparison to barnacles exposed only to contaminated water. Detoxication of M. trossulus may be more effective in the presence of higher IL concentrations. BCFs for hard tissues of the mussel indicates an exclusively physical sorption mechanism on the mineral surface.

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Wpływ parametrów sterowania na siłę ciągu podwodnego robota mobilnego z napędem falowym dla różnych wariantów płetwy ogonowej

Malec M., Morawski M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2013

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Vol. 54, nr 12

99-102

PL

W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano wstępne badania mające na celu określenie wpływu parametrów sterowania oraz typu i sztywności płetwy ogonowej, na siłę ciągu podwodnego robota mobilnego z napędem falowym CyberRyba wer. 5. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów oraz wnioski dotyczące zrealizowanych badań jak również kierunek dalszych prac eksperymentalnych.

EN

In this article a preliminary study of determining the control parameters and the type and stiffness of the caudal fin influence on the thrust of underwater mobile robot with undulating propulsion called CyberFish ver. 5 was presented. The paper contains results of performed tests as well as proposals of further experimental work.