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Performance of Avicennia alba and Rhizophora mucronata as Lead Bioaccumulator in Bee Jay Bakau Resort, Indonesia

Mahmudi Mohammad, Adzim Aliyyil, Fitri Difia Helsa, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 2

169--177

Mangroves are a crucial ecosystem in coastal areas and serve a significant ecological function. However, this ecosystem is under the continuous pressure of anthropogenic activities which create toxic contaminants, such as heavy metals. The presence of marine ports and electric steam power plants next to Bee Jay Bakau Resort (BJBR) Mangrove Forest may worsen the heavy metal pollution, especially in the case of non-essential metals like lead (Pb). The vegetation in mangrove ecosystems can help store and trap this contaminant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potency of the Avicennia alba and Rhizopora mucronata mangrove species, which dominate the mangrove vegetation in BJBR Mangrove Forest, as Pb phytoremediation agents. The samples were taken from the sediment, roots, stems, and leaves of the mangrove trees. The results showed that the Pb found in the sediment of these species ranged from 10.323 to 11.071 ppm, while the Pb concentration in the mangrove parts was less than 1 ppm with the order roots > stems > leaves. Furthermore, the statistical analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the Pb values across sites and species. Moreover, the BCF, BAC, and TF in this study were less than 1, making the observed mangrove species unsuitable for phytoextraction or phytostabilization.

Chromium Accumulation by Avicennia alba Growing at Ecotourism Mangrove Forest in Surabaya, Indonesia

Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, Pratikno dan Herman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 2

222--227

The Ecotourism Mangrove Forest at Wonorejo in East Coast Surabaya area is one of large mangrove forests inside in the metropolitan city in Indonesia. There are many ecological values of the mangrove forest in most tropical countries such as sea fisheries, place of sea and coastal animals, sea and brackish water quality protecting the endangered mangrove coastlines and development of human life. The role of mangrove in increasing the sea and brackish water quality can be shown through many processes such as cycling of nutrients, particulate matter and some pollutants in water and sediment around the mangrove plants. One of the inorganic pollutants that can be removed by mangrove are heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr). The Wonorejo River is one of the rivers that receive the disposal of wastewater in Surabaya East Coast area. Large quantitites of wastewater from industries and households were released to this river. The concentration of Cr at the Wonorejo Estuary reached 0.0325 mg/L and 2.7761 mg/L in sediments. The purpose of this research was to determine the potency of Cr accumulation by Avicennia alba that was grown for ten years at Wonorejo Ecotourism Mangrove Forest. The sampling activities were conducted using a transect quadrat sampling method with a 10x10 m dimension. The sediment and mangrove root samples were extracted before being analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the Cr accumulation by roots of A. alba reached 25.4 ± 1.6 to 55.3 ± 1.1. The BCF value in A. alba were 0.32 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.5 with the concentration Cr in sediment were 60 ± 1.4 to 79.3 ± 1.1. A. alba showed potential as a moderate accumulator for Cr. In conclusion, A. alba can be considered for use in phyto-monitoring and phytoremediation of Cr in coastal areas.