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Austiacki kataster podatku gruntowego na ziemiach polskich oraz jego wykorzystanie w pracach urządzeniowych i badaniach naukowych

Wolski J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2000

T. 32, nr 3

199-212

Autor przedstawia kolejne etapy zakładania austriackiego katastru podatku gruntowego na ziemiach polskich, a następnie przybliża zasady sporządzania operatów katastralnych, prezentuje ich strukturę i zawartość oraz podaje przykłady ich wykorzystania w pracach urządzeniowych i badaniach naukowych.

The land-tax cadaster i. e. collection of data pertaining to land and containing maps as well as land registers listings their users and proprietors was initiated on the Polish ethnic territory in the early 19th century. The main reason was the abolition of serfdom and consequent enfranchisement of peasants (at the turn of the 19th century). The most important role was played by the Austrian and Prussian cadaster. On the territory of the Russian Kingdom of Poland no uniform land register was ever produced. The cadastral assessments initially served as a source of information on location, surface and soil class; entitled to the right of ownership in land registers and facilitated the sale of real estate and applying for credit. They were also often used to determine the limits of properties and for their protection. After the World War II, they were used as a base to determine the areas to be colonized, for the construction works and also for legislation concerning the native peoples. All documents that survived the war was used as a base of the nationwide land and building cadaster initiated in 1955. In the later years, cadastral maps were mostly used for research and physical planning, including, among others, research of the changes to the spatial structure of landscape, land use, and the structure of ownership divisions, changes to the hydrographic network and also water management. Cadastral maps also play an important role in historical georgaphy, most importantly in research on the settlement history. The maps are used to reconstruct the natural and anthropogenic landscape, in the research on morphology and topography and their relation to the settlement history. Other fields of research include, but are not limited to: typology of spatial patterns of localities, village measurement methods, and analyses of neighbourhood. Recently, numerous uses utilize the GIS technology. Despite the long-lasting process of the analog-digital data transformation, the achieved effect is invaluable. For a few years the issues pertaining to cadasters, namely to the aims, fornal structure and function under the current legislation and socio-economic relations have been increasingly becoming of interest to numerous scientific and administration agenda.