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1

Gospodarka wodna dla małych społeczności Regionu Arktycznego na przykładzie osady Itileq (Grenlandia)

Pruss Agata Magdalena

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 4 (82)

66-72

2

The Polar Code's implications for safe ship operations in the Arctic region

Engtrø E., Gudmestad O. T., Njå O.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14. no. 3

655--661

EN

Simultaneously with a decreasing sea ice cover in the Arctic region an increase in ship traffic is experienced in these waters, meaning a higher probability of accidents and incidents to occur. The capability to handle emergency situations for shipowners, operators and rescuers in a cold climate environment are heavily affected by the risks present in polar waters and depends on limited emergency response resources covering extremely large areas. In 2017, the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (The Polar Code) was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), applicable for the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The goals of the functionally based regulation are to provide for safe ship operations and the protection of the polar environment, by addressing risks present in polar waters and to ensure these are mitigated sufficiently. A qualitative pilot study, with individual expert interviews, has been conducted in order to examine the Polar Code's implications for safe ship operations in the Arctic region. The study concludes that the discussions raised in the aftermath of the Polar Code has led to an increase in focus and a strengthen consciousness about hazards and risks associated with polar water ship operations and additional measures required to mitigate these. Further, the implementation of the Polar Code is considered as a milestone by establishing an international regulation, mandatory for polar water ship design and for voyage planning. However, the study points out that the main principle of the Polar Code is risk-based, meaning the performance of safe ship operations are depending on those subjects to the regulation, to conduct thorough operational risk assessments covering all actual hazards, and to ensure that those are mitigated sufficiently. In this regard, authority presence is found crucial, to validate the adequacy and the dimensioning of the implemented measures. Key words: Arctic ship operations; regulatory governance; emergency response; risk management.

3

The origin of heavy metals and radionuclides accumulated in the soil and biota samples collected in svalbard, near longyearbyen

Kłos A., Ziembik Z., Rajfur M., Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Bochenek Z., Bjerke J. W., Tømmervik H., Zagajewski B., Ziółkowski D., Jerz D., Zielińska M., Krems P., Godyń P.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2017

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Vol. 24, nr 2

223--238

EN

Heavy metals and radioactive compounds are potentially hazardous substances for plants, animals and humans in the Arctic. A good knowledge of the spatial variation of these substances in soil and primary producers, and their sources, is therefore essential. In the samples of lichen Thamnolia vermicularis, Salix polaris and Cassiope tetragona, and the soil samples collected in 2014 in Svalbard near Longyearbyen, the concentrations of the following heavy metals were determined: Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, as well as the activity concentrations of the following: K-40, Cs-137, Pb-210, Pb-212, Bi-212, Bi-214, Pb-214, Ac-228, Th-231 and U-235 in the soil samples. The differences in the concentrations of the analytes accumulated in the different plant species and soil were studied using statistical methods. Sea aerosol was indicated as the source of Pb, Hg, Cs-137, Pb-210 and Th-231 in the studied area. A relatively high concentration of nickel was determined in the biota samples collected near Longyearbyen, compared to other areas of Svalbard. It was supposed that nickel may be released into the atmosphere as a consequence of the local coal mining around Longyearbyen.

4

O zasilaniu wodą gruntową rzeki polarnej Ebba w rejonie Zatoki Petunia na środkowym Spitsbergenie

Marciniak M., Dragon K., Chudziak Ł.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 445 Hydrogeologia z. 12/1

371--381

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę pomiarów hydrogeologicznych, prowadzonych w lokalnej sieci monitoringu wód podziemnych, zlokalizowanej w strefie polarnej w rejonie zatoki Petunia na środkowym Spitsbergenie. Na podstawie systematycznie prowadzonych pomiarów wyznaczono parametry hydrogeologiczne charakteryzujące płytki poziom wód gruntowych. Wody podziemne występują tu sezonowo w okresie letnim, kiedy rozmarza tzw. strefa aktywna, co umożliwia uruchomienie przepływu podziemnego. Wykorzystując równanie Darcy’ego, określono ilość wód podziemnych, która zasila zlodowaconą rzekę Ebba. Obliczenia te pozwoliły bardziej precyzyjnie określić również pozostałe komponenty zasilania Ebby (spływ powierzchniowy, zasilanie z lodowca).

EN

This article presents the methodology of constructing a net of piezometers which form a local polar monitoring network. In these piezometers, systematic measurements of hydrogeological parameters that characterize shallow aquifer (thickness of the active layer, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level and temperature fluctuations) were performed during the melting season of 2007. It was observed that groundwater occurs there seasonally in the summer melting season when the active layer melts and enables groundwater flow. The amount of water that recharges the Ebba River was calculated in accordance with Darcy’s law using field data. This calculation enabled more precise estimations of other components of the Ebba River recharge (surface and overland water inflow, recharge from glaciers).

5

The influence of groundwater discharge on the runoff of an Arctic stream (Ebba River, Central Spitsbergen)

Marciniak M., Dragon K.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2010

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nr 441 Hydrogeologia z. 10

93--100

EN

The article presents investigation of groundwater occurrence in the Ebba River catchment located in central Spitsbergen (Petuniabukta region). It was recognized that groundwater occurs there seasonally in the summer melting season when the melting of active layer take place and enable flow of groundwater. Using data from four groups of piezometers located in different parts of the valley the hydrogeological parameters that characterize this shallow aquifer (thickness of the active layer, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level fluctuations) were recognized. Using Darcy’s low the amount of water that recharge Ebba River was calculated using field data. This calculation enabled more precise estimation of other component of Ebba River recharge (surface and overland water inflow, recharge from glaciers). These calculations were confirmed by interpretation of groundwater and surface water chemistry differentiation.

6

Stratigraphical occurrence of vertebrate remains in the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya (Russia)

Luksevics E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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1999

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Vol. 49, no. 2

125-131

EN

The stratigraphical distribution of vertebrate remains in the standard section of the Upper Devonian of October Revolution Island of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago has been studied. Fossil fish and agnathans were collected in 1978 and 1979 from the outcrops of the Matusevich, Vavilov and Malyutka formations along the Matusevich, Bol'shaya and other rivers. The fish fauna consists of representatives of the main taxonomic groups of Devonian vertebrates, i.e., psammosteid heterostracans, placoderms, acanthodians, chondrichthyans, porolepiform and osteolepiform "rhipidistians", and dipnoans. Summnarising all avaiable data on the distribution of vertebrates, it is possible to suggest a very late Givetian - Frasnian age for the Matusevich Formation, a late Frasnian age of the Vavilof Formation, and a latest Frasnian - early Famennian age for the Malyutka Formation of Severnaya Zemlya.