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1
Content available Assessment of mutagenic activity of methyl- and phenylphenanthrenes based on Salmonella test and micronucleus test
Rudnicka K., Tejs S., Budzikur K. A., Mielżyńska-Švach D., Jakimiuk E., Chachaj A., Góra M., Żelazna K., Łuczyński M. K.
Environmental Biotechnology
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2013
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Vol. 9, No. 2
65--71
EN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely spread environmental pollutants mainly originating from anthropogenic sources such as fossil fuel combustion, industries, and others. Although a large body of literature exists on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of PAHs, primarily benzo[a]pyrene, toxicity data for phenanthrene deriveratives are very limited. The main aim of the experiment was to investigate if there exists correlation between molecular structure and mutagenic activity of four phenanthrene derivatives: 1 methylphenanthrene, 4 methylphenanthrene, 1 phenylphenanthrene, and 4 phenylphenanthrene. An Ames assay using two strains of histidine dependent Salmonella Typhimurium (TA98 and TA100) was conducted to assess the mutagenic activity of studied compounds both in the presence (+S9) and in the absence (-S9) of an exogenous source of metabolic activation. The compounds were also tested in an in vitro chromosome aberration assay in which V-79 cells were exposed to the phenanthrene derivatives investigated both in the presence and in the absence of metabolic activation. The phenylphenanthrenes showed no mutagenic effect. These compounds occasionally induced significant decrease in the number of revertants in the Ames test. The greatest mutagenic effects were observed for 1 methylphenanthrene after metabolic activation (+S9). In the micronucleus test the greatest mutagenic effect was observed for 4 methylphenanthrene also in the presence of metabolic activation system. The results obtained are comparable to those reported earlier for the methylphenanthrenes.
2
Content available 2,4-diphenylthiophene induces mainly base pair mutation in Salmonella Typhimurium
Budzikur K. A., Mielżyńska-Švach D., Góra M., Chachaj A., Pawłowski M., Łuczyński M. K.
Environmental Biotechnology
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2012
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Vol. 8, No. 1
28-31
EN
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing sulfur (S-HET), have been detected in air, soil, marine environment and freshwater sediment. Toxicity and mutagenicity data of this class of substances are scarce. The present study focuses on implications of two aryl thiophenes and their mutagenic properties in Salmonella/microsome test. In our experiment only 2,4-diphenylthiophene showed little mutagenic effect in both variants of activaction (+/-S9) in strain TA100. Thiophene ring joined to K-region of phenanthrene did not change the biological activity of 3,6-dimetoxyphenanthro [9,10-c]thiophene and this compound did not show mutagenic potency.
3
Content available Mutagenicity induced in Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 by diphenylthiophenes
Budzikur K. A., Góra M., Chachaj A., Mielżyńska-Švach D., Tejs S., Łuczyński M. K.
Environmental Biotechnology
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2011
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Vol. 7, No. 2
65-69
EN
Mutagenic properties of four different diphenylthiophenes: 3,4-diphenylthiophene, 3,4-di(4'-methylphenyl)thiophene, 3,4-di(4'-methoxyphenyl)thiophene and 3,4-di(4'-pentoxyphenyl)thiophene were investigated applying the Salmonella test. The research was done on two strains of Salmonella Typhimurium: TA98 and TA100, tested in two variants: with (+S9) and without (-S9) enzymatic activation. Only one compound 3,4-di(4'-methylphenyl)thiophene showed mutagenic activity when studied with metabolic activation (+S9) and its mutagenic rate (MR) score was 3.41 for the dose of 10.00µg*plate-1. Other studied compounds did not show any mutagenic activity (+/-S9) and their MR score did not exceed the threshold value of 2.0.
4
Content available remote Effect of bioremediation on genotoxicity of soil contaminated with diesel oil
Kołwzan B.
Environment Protection Engineering
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2009
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Vol. 35, nr 1
95-103
EN
Soil contaminated with diesel oil was made subject to bioremediation conducted in field lysimeters. After 22 weeks the efficiency of the process exceeded 99%. The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of the soil contaminants were analyzed using the results of the Ames test. The study has produced the following findings. The soil extracts exhibited mutagenic and carcinogenic properties not only immediately after contamination with diesel oil (10 wt.%), but also upon termination of the bioremediation process. The bioremediation process reduced the mutagenicity of the soil. With the exception of particularly sensitive strain of the YG series, the extracts from the bioremediated soil did not increase the number of revertants of the strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. Seemingly, upon bioremediation the soil contained either nitro derivatives of organic compounds or any other compounds that are formed during biodegradation of diesel oil. The extracts from bioremediated soil contained compounds requiring and non-requiring metabolic activation. Mutagenic substances were present in the dichloromethane extract from soil alone. Being absent in the water extract, they were not subject to leaching and in consequence posed no ecological hazard.
PL
Bioremediację gleby skażonej olejem napędowym prowadzono w lizymetrach polowych. Skuteczność procesu oczyszczania po 22 tygodniach wyniosła ponad 99%. Właściwości mutagenne i rakotwórcze zanieczyszczeń zawartych w glebie analizowano na podstawie wyników testu Amesa. Wykazano, że zarówno ekstrakt z gleby świeżo skażonej olejem napędowym (10% mas.), jak i z gleb po bioremediacji miał właściwości mutagenne i rakotwórcze. Stwierdzono obniżenie mutagenności gleby dzięki bioremediacji. Ekstrakty z oczyszczonych gleb nie zwiększały liczby rewertantów szczepu Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, a jedynie szczególnie wrażliwego szczepu testowego z serii YG. Można przypuszczać, że w glebach tych po oczyszczeniu były obecne związki stanowiące nitrowe pochodne związków organicznych lub inne związki powstające w procesie biodegradacji oleju napędowego. W ekstraktach z oczyszczonych gleb stwierdzono obecność zarówno związków wymagających, jak i niewymagających aktywacji metabolicznej. Substancje mutagenne były obecne jedynie w dichlorometanowych ekstraktach z gleby, ale nie w wyciągu wodnym. Nie podlegały zatem wymywaniu wodą i dlatego nie stwarzały potencjalnego zagrożenia ekologicznego.
5
Content available The Ames test: a methodological short review
Tejs S.
Environmental Biotechnology
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2008
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Vol. 4, No. 1
7-14
EN
The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay (Salmonella test; Ames test) is a short-term bacterial reverse mutation assay specifically designed to detect a wide range of chemical substances that can produce genetic damage that leads to gene mutations. The test is used to evaluate the mutagenic properties of test articles. The Ames test uses amino acid-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, each carrying different mutations in various genes in the histidine operon. These mutations act as hot spots for mutagens that cause DNA damage via different mechanisms. In the absence of an external histidine source, cells cannot grow and form colonies. Only those bacteria that revert to histidine independence (his+) are able to form colonies. The number of spontaneously induced revertant colonies per plate is relatively constant. However, when a mutagen is added to the plate, the number of revertant colonies per plate is increased, usually in a dose-related manner. The Ames test is used worldwide as an initial screen to determine the mutagenic potential of new chemicals and drugs. The purpose of this publication is to help researchers who apply the Ames test in their studies.
6
Content available Preliminary evaluation of mutagenic activity of two amino derivatives of cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene
Łuczyński M. K., Góra M., Mielżyńska D., Brzuzan P., Tejs S., Pirogowicz P., Luczynski M.
Environmental Biotechnology
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2007
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Vol. 3, No. 1
15-19
EN
The mutagenicity of two, newly synthesized amino-derivatives of cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene (CP[c]Ph) was investigated in the Ames test using TA98 and TA100 histidine dependent Salmonella typhimurium strains. Neither of the examined compounds showed mutagenic activity without metabolic activation. The incorporation of an activation system caused high mutagenicity of CP[c]Ph derivatives in both S. typhimurium strains. The results are compared with the previous data on the mutagenic activity of unsubstituted CP[c]Ph and possible mechanisms of activation are discussed.
7
Content available Biodegradacja polichlorowanych bifenyli przez zespół mikroorganizmów wyizolowanych z wody i gleby
Piekarska K.
Ochrona Środowiska
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2003
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R. 25, nr 2
21-27
PL
Praca przedstawia rezultaty badań dotyczące możliwości biodegradacji chloroorganicznych składników preparatu technicznego Aroclor 1242. Z wody i gleby skażonej związkami chloroorganicznymi wyizolowano zespół mikroorganizmów składający się z dziewięciu aktywnych szczepów zdolnych do rozkładu polichlorowanych bifenyli (PCB). Szczepy te należały do następujących rodzajów: Micrococcus, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter i Pseudomonas, Rhodotorula i Candida. Następnie zbadano przydatność pozyskanych drobnoustrojów do rozkładu składników Arocloru 1242 w hodowlach pojedynczych szczepów i ich mieszaniny. Postęp biodegradacji badano metodami mikrobiologicznymi, biochemicznymi i chemicznymi. Do oznaczeń zawartości PCB zastosowano chromatograf gazowy z selektywnym (względem związków chloroorganicznych) dedektorem ECD. Zbadano także potencjalne właściwości mutagenne produktów pobiodegradacyjnych metodą testu Amesa. Wszystkie badane mikroorganizmy odznaczały się dobrymi właściwościami biodegradacyjnymi, rozkładając PCB z wydajnością 5÷60%. Największą wydajność rozkładu preparatu Aroclor 1242, około 72%, uzyskano w przypadku zastosowania mieszanej kultury, a nie pojedynczych aktywnych szczepów. Badania biochemiczne wykazały wysoką aktywność biologiczną szczepów podczas trwania procesu rozkładu PCB, co potwierdziło wyniki badań analitycznych. Badania genotoksyczności powstających metabolitów biodegradacji, wykonane testem Amesa, wykazały brak obecności związków o charakterze mutagennym i rakotwórczym w większości ekstraktów pobiodegradacyjnych.
EN
Owing to their high toxicity, strong bioaccumulation and low degradability, chloroorganic compounds raise serious ecological problems. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the components of the commercial Aroclor 1242 mixture, with microorganism cultures isolated from chlororganic-contaminated water and soil. There were nine strains, the majority of which belonged to the genera Micrococus, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodotorula and Candida. The taxonomic status of the isolated strains and their ability to degrade PCB congeners were determined. The biodegradation of the Aroclor 1242 components was monitored using microbiological, biochemical and chemical methods. PCB concentrations were determined by gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Potential mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of the biodegradation products were examined with the Ames test. The PCB congeners were degraded by selected bacterial strains with an efficiency which ranged from 5% to 60%. The highest efficiency (72%) was achieved with a mixed culture. Bioindication studies showed that, in the majority of instances, no mutagenic metabolites were produced in the course of the biodegradation process.
8
Wybrane metody szacowania genotoksyczności
Skommer J., Włodkowic D.
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
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2003
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R. 8, nr 5
16-19
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