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1

Assessment of groundwater mineralization in the arid steppe region of the Messaad plateau aquifer, Southern Algeria

Brahmi Serhane, Rahmani Badreddine, Nesrat Ali, Djamal Chehili, Brahmi Smail

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

|

no. 1

101--116

EN

Water scarcity is severely high in the North Africa and the Middle East (MENA) regions. The deterioration of water quality has an impact on the human health as well as on the development of agricultural activities, especially in arid regions, where precipitations are less frequent. The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate the chemistry of the groundwater aquifer in the region of Messaad plateau. This region is located 370 km south of Algiers in southern Algeria. A dozen of samples were collected from wells and analyzed using physic-chemical technics, and the results were processed statistically. The distribution of the conductivity values and the various chemical parameters suggest that the groundwater in the Messad wadi area is overall highly mineralized, with the EC ranging from 550 μS . cm–1 to 8790.13 μS . cm–1, with a predominance of calcium sulphate facies and calcium chloride facies. The level of mineralization noted in the southern and southeastern portions of the research area sheds light on the source of natural contamination. The SO42–, Cl– , Ca2+ , Na+ ions are the most important factors influencing the electrical conductivity of water and the groundwater chemistry. These ions are the result of the continuous dissolution of gypsum and halite in the clays and marls of the Barremian formations.

2

Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Phosphates from the Djebel Onk Deposits (Tebessa, Algeria)

Tahri Tourkia, Narsis Souad, Bezzi Nacer, Bouzenzana Abdellali, Sekiou Omar, Trirat Tabet, Amrane Theziri, Benselhoub Aissa

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

351--359

PL

Algeria has important phosphate reserves (2 billion tons) located in the east of the country at Djebel Onk. This mining district is located in the northwestern part of the Algerian Sahara near the Algerian-Tunisian border. The granulo-chemical and XRD analytical results confirm the phosphate depletion of Bled El Hadba layer and their enrichment in carbonate and dolomite, in comparison with the layer of Kef Essennoun. Phosphorite particles are heterogeneously grained. Although the two deposits are relatively close to each other, they show different mineralogical and chemical characteristics, which may cause the use of different mining exploitation methods.

XX

Algieria posiada ważne rezerwy fosforanów (2 miliardy ton) zlokalizowane na wschodzie kraju w Djebel Onk. Ten obszar górniczy znajduje się w północno-zachodniej części algierskiej Sahary, w pobliżu granicy algiersko-tunezyjskiej. Wyniki analiz granulochemicznych i XRD potwierdzają zubożenie fosforanów w warstwie Bled El Hadba i ich wzbogacenie w węglan i dolomit, w porównaniu z warstwą Kef Essennoun. Cząstki fosforytu są niejednorodnie ziarniste. Chociaż oba złoża znajdują się stosunkowo blisko siebie, wykazują różne właściwości mineralogiczne i chemiczne, co może powodować stosowanie różnych metod eksploatacji górniczej.

3

Use of remote sensing as an indicator of the urban heat island effect: the case of the municipality of Guelma (north-east of Algeria)

Khallef Boubaker

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 3

61--72

EN

The main objective of this study is to show which of the LST-NDVI and LST-NDBI relationships can determine the most accurate index that can be used as an indicator of the effects of urban heat islands in the municipality of Guelma, using Landsat data. 8 OLI/TIRS and the geographic information system. The application of the calculation formulas made it possible to extract the Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built up Index (NDBI) of the municipality of Guelma for the four seasons of 2019. This calculation led to the determination of the relationship between all three indicators. The results obtained show a strong correlation between the LST and the NDBI for the four seasons of the year. They suggest that the NDBI is an accurate indicator of the heat island effect in Guelma. This indicator can serve as a tool for future urban planning by those in charge of this department. However, there is currently and urgent need to strengthen strategies for reducing the effects of urban heat islands in order to preserve the quality of urban life of the inhabitants and by setting up emergency programs.

4

Urban traffic incident management, using network analysis to improve the evacuation time to healthcare facilities

Saker Adel, Akakba Ahmed

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 3

109--119

EN

The city of Biskra is ranked the second city in Algeria with the highest traffic accident rate. There are multiple causes of accidents that derive from the diversity of traffic. In addition, its geographical location as a crossroads between the northeast and the south of Algeria is a major factor. Biskra is also considered a commercial and industrial city that receives daily large flows of travellers and merchandise. Traffic accidents are a complex problems that is dealt with in several approaches. In this research, from a geographical point of view, we will contribute to improve the trajectory of intervention and evacuation. Therefore, this research paper aims to create a geodatabase including the road network with associated entities to carry out spatiotemporal analyses and evaluate the service area of health facilities in terms of the nearest path. This paper uses GIS tools for evacuation to the public hospital employing a Network Analyst. This study may serve as a decision-making aid for the local authorities of this city in terms of evacuation and intervention in the event of a road accident. It provides real-time information on the location of the accident and the nearest path along with an estimated time. The outputs of these analyses can determine a map of accessibility, which allows for training in order to improve the real-time evacuation. As a result, this approach will lead to the reduction of evacuation time by less than 10 minutes, and thus leading to a decrease in the number of fatalities.

5

Investigation of litho-biostratigraphic characteristics and geographical distribution of Coniacian-Santonian formations: a case study in the Aures Mountains, eastern Saharan Atlas, Algeria

Bentahar Fahima, Defaflia Nabil, Benmansour Sana, Fehdi Chemseddine

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 3

73--94

EN

The Coniacian-Santonian series in the Aures Mountains of northeastern Algeria is characterized by marly-dominated sedimentation processes. This study aims to comprehensively investigate this series by combining lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data. The unique paleogeographic position of the Aures basin supports the co-occurrence of diverse paleontological contents in the Upper Cretaceous sediments. The methodology employed in this study includes a detailed bio-lithostratigraphic analysis to subdivide the Coniacian-Santonian series into two distinct sets. The first set comprises alternating marl-limestone units that exhibit a high fossil concentration from the Coniacian age, while the second set mainly consists of marly sediments corresponding to the Santonian age. The results obtained from this study highlight the geographical distribution of litho-biostratigraphic characteristics and reveal the presence of two formations. The lower formation is characterized by carbonated marls intercalated with limestone banks, containing fossils of Peroniceras (Tissotia tissoto) from the Coniacian age. Meanwhile, the upper formation is predominantly marly and indicates the Santonian age by displaying fossils of Palcenticeras polypsis. Furthermore, a biostratigraphic analysis focused on foraminifers allows for the subdivision of the Coniacian-Santonian series in the Aures Mountains into three distinct biozones. The first biozone corresponds to the lower Coniacian age and is identified by the presence of Dicarinella primitiva. The second biozone represents the middle to upper coniacian age and contains Dicarinella concavata fossils. Finally, the third biozone, belonging to the Santonian age, is marked by the occurrence of Dicarinella asymetrica. The boundary between the Coniacian and Santonian series in the Aures Mountains is characterized by the first appearance of Dicarinella asymetrica and Palcenticeras polypsis species. This multidisciplinary study provides valuable insights into the litho-biostratigraphic characteristics and geographical distribution of the Coniacian-Santonian series in the Aures Mountains. The findings make a significant contribution to a better understanding of sedimentary processes and the paleontological content within this region during the Upper Cretaceous period.

6

Measures to Mitigate the Main Causes of Social Housing Delays in Algeria

Zemra Rachid, Saighi Ouafa

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2023

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Vol. 33, no. 2

13--33

EN

Social housing in Algeria is carried out with state budget funds in order to eliminate social inequalities and guarantee a decent life to the citizen. However, delays have been observed in the realization. This study aims to examine the main causes and develop guidelines to effectively mitigate delays. Through an in-depth analysis of the literature and formal interviews on the topic of potential risks with construction experts, a list of 67 delay factors was identified. Data was collected through an online questionnaire via Google Forms and semi-structured interviews of a sample professionals established in Algeria. A total of 59 valid responses were analyzed and classified by SPSS software. The results indicate that the 5 most critical causes are: "Delay in payment", "Slow change orders in extra works", "Ineffective planning and scheduling", "Slow change orders in extra quantities", and "Difficulties in financing the project by contractor". Though, the correct implementation of the measures suggested by this study allows government authorities and professionals to deal with the 10 most critical causes that have favored the occurrence of delays in order to successfully implement similar construction projects.

7

Effect of the agriculture on the quality of groundwater in the alluvial aquifer of the Tadjenanet area (eastern Algeria)

Khedidja Abdelhamid, Dib Imen

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 3

45--57

EN

The region of Tadjenanet is in eastern Algeria in the high plains, characterized by a varied age detritus Mio-Plio-Quaternary. Some geological formations can be an important source of groundwater (alluvial sand, shell limestone, gravel). Its location in semi-arid area involves evaporation pronounced even tilt the balance in a chronic deficit, excluding periods characterized by rainfall events. Agriculture in the study area is the first socio-economic activity and the largest consumer of water resources. It is therefore necessary to consider for effective water management. Indeed, the combination of hydrogeological and hydro chemical geological mapping, geophysics, harvested from field data and their interpretations can be an excellent tool for deciding the suitability of water for irrigation. The analysis of the physicochemical data shows an increase in the concentration of nitrates reaching 200 mg · l–1, as well as the analysis by the Richards SAR parameter shows that most groundwater samples are generally suitable for agricultural purposes with 33%, belong characterizing poor quality. Indeed, the groundwater in the region generally requires prior treatment before consumption and use depending on the type of crop. The assessment of the quality of the water in the region and its consequences on the soil and the types of crops has enabled the authorities concerned to manage the water supply adequately to preserve and protect this vital source for the future from any risk of contamination.

8

The Effects of Delays in Algerian Construction Projects: an Empirical Study

Salhi Roumeissa, Messaoudi Karima

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2021

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Vol. 31, no. 2

218--254

EN

This paper examines the effects of delays in the Algerian construction industry in order to identify the various critical aspects of the causes for improving the economy in the construction sector. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the perceptions of all players in the construction industry, which led to the identification of the most significant impacts of delays. The results show that ten main effects of delays in the construction sector are at the origin of many constraints that have a negative impact on the economy of the country. Further, the factor analysis technique was performed to categorize the identified effects into main groups, and it yielded 5 groups (factors). As an important contribution, the relationship between these groups was tested using the SMART-PLS, and a structural model has been developed. Also, a comparative study with other previous works on the most critical effect of delays in construction projects has been conducted and the results show that the main effects of delays in the construction industry are at the root of many constraints in reaching and achieving the objectives.

9

Specific features of the compositional construction of historical mosques of Algeria as the basis for their preservation and restoration in the original form

Ivashko Yuliia, Rezga Kouider

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2020

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Nr 61

80--84

EN

The article were analyzed the specific features of the spatial composition of authentic mosques of the Maghreb countries. It was determined that the traditional compositional scheme of the Maghreb mosque was built on a combination of the horizontal building of the mosque, often domeless one, and a vertical minaret of simple geometric shape. It was studied tha the Khariji mosques were built in the same type. The appearance of the composition with a dome or domes is associated with the period of the Ottoman rule in Algeria since this type of mosque composition is borrowed from Turkey.

PL

W artykule zostały przeanalizowane cechy kompozycyjne oryginalnych meczetów państw Maghrebu. Stwierdzono, że u podstaw tradycyjnej kompozycji meczetów Maghrebu leży kombinacja horyzontalnego budynku meczetu, często bez kopuły, z wertykalnym minaretem o prostym, geometrycznym kształcie. Ustalono, że ten sam typ reprezentują meczety Kharijitów. Zjawisko kompozycji meczetu z kopułą lub z kilkoma kopułami związane jest z okresem osmańskim w Algerii – ten typ meczetu został tutaj przyniesiony z Turcji.

10

Analysis of social resilience to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Algeria

Habibi Yahyaoui, Guellouh Sami, Filali Abdelwahhab, Berchiche Razika

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2020

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no. 3

19--29

EN

This paper is an attempt to understand and overcome the peculiarity of the novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), described as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Covid-19 is spreading around the world, and particularly in Algeria, which announced the identification of the first case on the 26 February 2020. The number of confirmed cases is increasing day by day. Currently, we experience the spread of the word “resilience” in most diverse research areas and policy fields of modern society. Social resilience is the capacity of a social entity to proactively adapt to and recover from disturbances that are perceived within the social entity to fall outside the range of normal; this includes expected and unexpected disturbances. The main objective of this study is to contribute towards connecting the socio-economic vectors of this pandemic, and to integrate them into the GIS (Geographic Information System), in order to analyze the level of social resilience in Algeria. The analysis adopted the method known as the Hierarchical multi-criteria analysis (AHP), which defines the relative importance of each characteristics. The findings of our research show that the factors of high unemployment and housing occupancy rates, high population density and the share of citizens aged over 60 directly influence the reduction in the level of social resilience to the novel coronavirus.

11

The use of hybrid methods for change points and trends detection in rainfall series of northern Algeria

Zerouali Bilel, Chettih Mohamed, Abda Zaki, Mesbah Mohamed, Djemai Mohammed

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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Vol. 68, no. 5

1443--1460

EN

The aim of this research is to assess relatively new hybrid methods for changes points and trends detection on rainfall series: Dynamic Programming Bayesian Change Point Approach (BA), Şen’s innovative trend method (ITM) and its double (D-ITM) and triple (T-ITM) version using the multi-scale analysis of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as a coupling method. Three representatives rainfall stations of northern Algeria were analysed at annual scale during the period 1920–2011. Moreover, correlation and spectral analysis (CSA) was applied for periodicity analysis. The CSA indicates the dominance of interannual to multidecadal rainfall periodicity fuctuations (2-years, 5-years and 20-years) characterising long term structured processes. Moreover, an abrupt downward trend with signifcant probability was detected from the 1970s with a relatively wet period between the periods 1950–1970 and 2001–2011. The latter is observed in particular in the central and eastern stations, well-explained by the BA-DWT. The results showed that the comparison results from diferent modelling approaches found that the hybrid models (BA-DWT, ITM-DWT, D-ITM-DWT, T-ITM-DWT) often perform better than the conventional approach (BA, ITM, D-ITM, T-ITM), where the computation time is very reasonable. The analysis revealed that information stemming from discrete wavelet spectrums signifcantly increased the accuracy of the methods for detecting hidden change points and trends.

12

Upper Albian, Cenomanian and Upper Turonian ammonite faunas from the Fahdène Formation of Central Tunisia and correlatives in northern Algeria

Kennedy William James

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 2

147--272

EN

Over 130 species are documented from the Upper Albian, Cenomanian and Upper Turonian Fahdène Formation and correlatives in Central Tunisia and northern Algeria, based on material described by Henri Coquand (1852, 1854, 1862, 1880), Léon Pervinquière (1907, 1910), Georges Dubourdieu (1953), Jacques Sornay (1955), and new collections. The material consists predominantly of limonitic nuclei, together with adults of micromorphs. There is no continuous record, and a series of faunas are recognised that can be correlated with the zonation developed in Western Europe. These are the Upper Albian Ostlingoceras puzosianum fauna, Lower Cenomanian Neostlingoceras carcitanense and Mariella (Mariella) harchaensis faunas, the upper Lower to lower Middle Cenomanian Turrilites scheuchzerianus fauna, Middle Cenomanian Calycoceras (Newboldiceras) asiaticum fauna, Upper Cenomanian Eucalycoceras pentagonum fauna, and the Upper Turonian Subprionocyclus neptuni fauna. Two new micromorph genera are described, Coquandiceras of the Mantelliceratinae and Cryptoturrilites of the Turrilitinae. Most of the taxa present have a cosmopolitan distribution, with a minority of Boreal, North American and endemic taxa.

13

Rola społeczna meczetów w Algierii jako miejsc zbiorowych zgromadzeń wierzących

Kouider Rezga

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

|

2019

|

Vol. 1

147--157

PL

Główną funkcją sunnickich meczetów w Algierii jest jednoczenie wspólnoty wierzących – tzw. Ummah, w przeciwieństwie do kościołów chrześcijańskich, będących symbolicznymi domami Bożymi, w których świat ziemski łączy się ze sferą niebiańską. Według nauk islamu każde miejsce nadaje się do rozmowy z Bogiem, a budowanie jest stratą czasu i pieniędzy. Meczety pojawiły się na przestrzeni lat. Początkowo prosty model podwórza przeznaczonego do modlitwy proroka Mahometa w Medynie przerodził się w skomplikowaną i luksusowo urządzaną budowlę. Jako miejsca zbiorowej modlitwy meczety pełnią funkcję nie tylko religijną, ale także społeczną. Obecnie zostają także zaadaptowane jako obiekty użyteczności publicznej – szkoły czy noclegownie dla pielgrzymów.

EN

The main function of Sunni mosques in Algeria is to unite the community of believers – the so-called Ummah. This is in contrast to Christian churches, which are symbolic houses of God, in which the earthly world connects with the heavenly sphere. According to the teachings of Islam, every place is suitable for conversation with God, and building is a waste of time and money. Mosques have appeared over the years. Initially, a simple model of a courtyard dedicated to the prayer of Prophet Muhammad in Medina turned into a complex and luxuriously arranged building. As places of collective prayer, mosques are not only religious but also social. Currently, they are also adapted to be public facilities such as schools or hostels for pilgrims.

14

Frequency analysis of the extreme streamflow by the threshold level method in semi-arid region: Case study of Wadi Mekerra catchment in the North-West of Algeria

Yahiaoui Abdelhalim

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 41

139--145

EN

Extreme streamflow drought is the direct problem of serious on damaging and on social impacts, so the frequency analysis of hydrological drought is an important work can be done to studying the drought phenomenon in catchments. So the hydrometric data for a river conducts to the establishment of the flow duration curve (FDC) as an important index of streamflow drought regime, from this characteristic, a threshold level can be defined for both perennial or intermittent streams. Well, two partial duration series can be derived for each year; the deficit volume and drought duration series. In the catchment of Wadi Mekerra in the North-West of Algeria, the minimum value estimated from the Pareto’s annual maximum instantaneous flood population (0.60 m3∙s–1) is considered as the threshold level index where, the largest deficit volume and the largest drought duration occurring in a given year are taken into consideration. Hence, the frequency analysis of the streamflow drought regime of the catchment is analysed with Weibull distribution for both deficit volume and drought duration combined with the probability of occurrence which is determined under some criterion in order to forecasting the streamflow drought in the catchment.

PL

Skrajnie niski przepływ w rzece wywołuje poważne, szkodliwe dla środowiska i społeczeństwa skutki, dlatego analiza suszy jest ważnym zadaniem w celu poznania zjawiska w skali zlewni. Dane hydrometryczne rzeki prowadzą do ustalenia krzywych natężenia przepływu (FDC) jako ważnego wskaźnika reżimu przepływu w warunkach suszy. Korzystając z tych charakterystyk, można zdefiniować wartość progową, zarówno dla cieków stałych, jak i dla okresowych. Dla każdego roku można wyprowadzić dwie cząstkowe serie trwania przepływu: serię deficytu objętości i serię trwania suszy. W zlewni Wadi Mekerra w północnozachodniej Algierii minimalna wartość oszacowana na podstawie rocznej populacji Pareto maksymalnych chwilowych powodzi jest traktowana jako wskaźnik wartości progowej, w związku z czym bierze się pod uwagę największy deficyt objętości i najdłuższe trwanie powodzi w danym roku. Analizę częstotliwości przepływu w warunkach suszy w zlewni przeprowadza się w celu prognozowania przepływu w warunkach suszy w zlewni. Wykorzystuje się do tego rozkład Weibulla, zarówno w odniesieniu do deficytu objętości, jak i czasu trwania suszy w powiązaniu z prawdopodobieństwem wystąpienia, które oznacza się, przyjmując pewne założenia.

15

Growth of indigenous bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus and Dietzia sp. isolated from the east coast of Algeria in the presence of monoaromatic hydrocarbons

Feknous Nesrine, Branes Zidane, Batisson Isabelle, Amblard Christian

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 45, nr 3

127--137

EN

East coast of Algeria suffers from several types of pollution, mainly hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon-based bacteria of the littoral were investigated. 53 indigenous strains were isolated, identified according to morphological and biochemical nature. Dietzia sp. CNJ898 PLO4 and Vibrio alginolyticus PB-WC 11099 were selected for growth tests in the presence of monoaromatic hydrocarbons as a sole source of carbon and energy and total hydrocarbons at the end of growth. The results showed that both strains used monoaromatics to grow. The total hydrocarbons determined after growth showed that all monoaromatics were biodegraded with different rates. The maximum rate was obtained with Dietzia sp. in the presence of xylene with 4.33 mg C/dm3 at the end of the process, followed by toluene with a level of 5.07 mg C/dm3 nd 5.60 mg C/dm3 in the presence of Vibrio alginolyticus. The lowest degradation rate was obtained in the presence of benzene with Dietzia sp. with 15 mg C/dm3 compared to the control, which was 27 mg C/dm3 at the beginning of growth. The results obtained showed that both selected strains assimilated the monoaromatics tested and could be used for the bioremediation of the polluted littoral.

16

Regional modelling with flood-duration-frequency approach in the middle Cheliff watershed

Renima M., Remaoun M., Boucefiane A., Sadeuk Ben Abbes A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 36

129--141

EN

This study describes a statistical approach of watercourses hydrological regimes in flood, taking into account the latter duration d and return period T. The choice of Middle Cheliff watershed as study area is linked to disasters strong return period in the western region of Algeria. The Midlle Cheliff catchment basin, located in northwest Algeria, has particularly experienced severe floods over the last years. In view of the recurrence of these unusual events, the estimation and the predetermination of floods extreme quantiles are a strategic axis for prevention against floods in this region. The a curves are first of all locally determined, directly from a statistical analysis of flow continuously exceeded during a duration d (QCXd) on different durations from available data of the study region. Then, these curves are compared to those obtained by application of different regional models VFS (Vandenesse, Florac and Soyans) in which two indices of the watershed characteristic flood are taken into account, a descriptive duration of the flood dynamics (D) and the instantaneous maximal annual flow of 10 year return period (QIXA10). The final choice of the model is based on verification of certain criteria, such as: Nash and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The closest regional models to the local ones are Florac’s for low duration and return periods, and Vandenesse’s for large return periods, for different durations. These results could be used to build regional Q-d-F curves on ungauged or partially gauged Algerian basins.

PL

W pracy opisano statystyczne podejście do reżimu hydrologicznego cieków w trakcie powodzi z uwzględnieniem czasu trwania d i okresu powtarzalności T. Wybór zlewni środkowej rzeki Cheliff wiąże się z krótkim okresem powtarzalności katastrof w zachodnich regionach Algierii. Zlewnia środkowej rzeki Cheliff usytuowana w północnozachodniej Algierii doświadczała w ciągu ostatnich lat silnych powodzi. Ze względu na powtarzalność tych ekstremalnych zjawisk ich ocena i przewidywanie mają znaczenie strategiczne dla zapobiegania powodziom w tym regionie. Krzywe a są najpierw oznaczane w skali lokalnej bezpośrednio w wyniku analizy statystycznej przepływu o czasie trwania d(QCXd) w warunkach różnego czasu trwania z wykorzystaniem dostępnych danych z regionu. Następnie krzywe te są porównywane z krzywymi uzyskanymi z zastosowania różnych modeli regionalnych VFS (Vandenesse, Florac i Soyans), w których bierze się pod uwagę dwa wskaźniki: opisowy przebieg dynamiki powodzi (D) i chwilowy maksymalny roczny przepływ o okresie powtarzalności 10 lat (QIXA10). Ostateczny wybór modelu opiera się na weryfikacji pewnych kryteriów, takich jak Nash i pierwiastek ze średniego błędu kwadratowego (RMSE). Modele regionalne najbliższe lokalnym to Florac dla krótkiego czasu trwania i okresu powtarzalności oraz Vandenesse dla długich okresów powtarzalności w warunkach różnego czasu trwania. Wyniki badań mogą być zastosowane do zbudowania regionalnych krzywych Q-d-F dla algierskich zlewni bez lub z częściową siecią punktów wodowskazowych.

17

Impact of climate change on the water requirements of the Bounamoussa perimeter, North-East of Algeria

Malkia R., Etsouri S.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 38

85--93

EN

The objective of this work is to determine the effects of climate change on the water needs of crops in the Bounamoussa perimeter, which is one of the large irrigation systems in the North-East of Algeria in order to predict a diagnosis of its operation. This region covers an area of 16,500 ha and is specialized in vegetable production. The climatic trend of recent years in the study area is characterized by increasingly severe drought conditions that have compromised agricultural production at this perimeter. In this study, the results of the climatic parameters projected to 2050 and 2080 under the Climate Wizard program were used in the CropWat 8.0 program for estimating the future water requirements of crops, taking into account the three Scenarios (B1, A1B, A2) of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) 4.5 program has also been used to generate future climatic parameters (temperatures and rains) to be compared with those of the climate wizard. The results obtained in 2050 and 2080 show a trend towards increasing temperatures and a fall in rainfall for all models and that the water requirements will be multiplied by 3 to 5 times the current needs. This situation will cause an imbalance in the operation of perimeter irrigation systems. Among the measures of adaptation to this situation in the first place is the change of the date of planting after calibration of the two models for all the cultures of the perimeter.

PL

Przedmiotem prezentowanych w niniejszej pracy badań było określenie skutków zmian klimatu na potrzeby wodne upraw w obrębie systemu nawodnieniowego rzeki Bounamoussa, który jest jednym z największych w północnowschodniej Algierii. Miało to na celu sporządzenie diagnozy jego działania w przyszłości. Region zajmuje powierzchnię 16 500 ha i specjalizuje się w produkcji roślinnej. Zmiany klimatu na badanym obszarze cechuje silna susza o zwiększającym się w ostatnich latach natężeniu, zagrażająca produkcji rolniczej. W badaniach zastosowano parametry klimatyczne prognozowane do roku 2050 i 2080 w ramach programu Climate Wizard do modelu CropWat 8.0 szacującego przyszłe zapotrzebowanie upraw na wodę z uwzględnieniem trzech scenariuszy (B1, A1B i A2) emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Wykorzystano także model wspierania decyzji w transferze agrotechnologii (DSSAT 4.5) do generowania parametrów przyszłego klimatu (temperatury i opady) w celu porównania ich z danymi uzyskanymi z Climate Wizard. Na podstawie wyników uzyskanych ze wszystkich modeli dla lat 2050 i 2080 stwierdzono trendy rosnące temperatury i malejące opadów. Zgodnie z tymi wynikami zapotrzebowanie na wodę ma wzrosnąć 3–5 razy w stosunku do aktualnych potrzeb. Taka sytuacja doprowadzi do zaburzenia równowagi w systemie irygacyjnym. Wśród sposobów przystosowania się do takiej sytuacji jednym z ważniejszych jest zmiana daty siewu, co można osiągnąć po skalibrowaniu obu modeli w dostosowaniu do wszystkich rodzajów upraw w regionie.

18

Hydrochemical assessment of water quality for irrigation: A case study of the wetland complex of Guerbes-Sanhadja, North-East of Algeria

Hedjal S., Zouini D., Benamara A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 38

43--52

EN

The wetland complex of Guerbes-Sanhadja (north-eastern Algeria), has experienced in recent years a certain economic expansion, particularly agricultural, about 47% of the useful agricultural area marked by several varieties of crops ranging from market gardening to speculative crops, requiring large quantities of water for irrigation purposes, however the swampy areas are the main sources used for irrigation purposes in this practice. It is therefore necessary for this water to have physicochemical properties adapted to plants, in particular the absence of salinity. This study was done to evaluate the status of the swamps areas quality and its suitability for irrigated agriculture. To achieve this objective, water samples from ten swamps areas water were collected from Guerbes- -Sanhadja in February and June of 2016. The water quality of these swamps was estimated from different water quality parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC), the chemical parameters like Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3 –, SO4 2–, Cl–, BOD5, NO3 –, NO2 –, NH4 + and PO4 3–. Based on the physico-chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (% Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH) were calculated. The results showed that the overall concentration of nitrate was very high. About 60 percent of the swampy areas had suitable water quality for chloride, and they had a concentration below the permissible limit for crop irrigation. From the Richards diagram, it is observed that most of the samples from the study area fall in the good to permissible classes for irrigation purpose.

PL

Kompleks środowisk podmokłych Guerbes-Sanhadja (północnowschodnia Algieria) był w ostatnich latach terenem ekspansji gospodarczej, głównie rolniczej. Około 47% użytków rolnych wykorzystano do uprawy kilku rodzajów roślin od ogrodnictwa po uprawy polowe wymagające dużej ilości wody. Obszary bagienne są głównym źródłem tej wody. Dlatego ważne jest, aby jakość wody do nawodnień była odpowiednia dla roślin, zwłaszcza żeby nie była zasolona. Przedstawione badania wykonano w celu oceny stanu wód na obszarach bagiennych i ich przydatności do nawodnień. Próbki wody pobrano z dziesięciu stanowisk z Guerbes-Sanhadja w lutym i czerwcu 2016 roku. Analizowano pH, przewodnictwo elektrolityczne oraz stężenie Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3 –, SO4 2–, Cl–, BOD5, NO3 –, NO2 –, NH4 + i PO4 3–. Na podstawie wyników analiz obliczono parametry jakości wody, takie jak współczynnik adsorpcji sodu (SAR), procent sodu (%Na), rezydualny węglan sodu (RSC), wskaźnik przepuszczalności (PI) i ryzyko magnezowe (MH). Wyniki świadczą o bardzo dużym stężeniu azotanów. Na ok. 60% obszarów bagiennych wody mają odpowiednie stężenie chlorków, mniejsze niż limity dopuszczalne dla wód do nawadniania. Z diagramu Richardsa wynika, że większość próbek z badanego obszaru mieści się w dobrej lub dopuszczalnej klasie jakości wody do irygacji.

19

Enhancement of the free residual chlorine concentration at the ends of the water supply network: Case study of Souk Ahras city – Algeria

Bensoltane M. A., Zeghadnia L., Djemili L., Gheid A., Djebbar Y.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 38

3--9

EN

The drinking-water supply sector has mostly targeted the water-borne transmission of pathogens. The most common method employed is the chlorination of drinking-water at treatment plants and in the distribution systems. In Algeria, the use of chlorine in drinking water treatment is a widespread practice. To enhance the concentration of the residual chlorine in the public water-supply system of a part of Souk Ahras city (Faubourg) (Algeria) known by its low concentration of the free residual chlorine (according to the water utility – Algérienne des Eaux: ADE investigation) especially at the point of use, practical steps were carried out. The method is a combination between numerical simulation using EPANET2 software and field measurements. Using statistical analysis the hydraulic model was calibrated and the observed values were very closer to the simulated results. The concentration was improved throughout the network after the injection of the appropriate dose.

PL

Instytucje zaopatrzenia w wodę pitną zwracają szczególną uwagę na obecne w wodzie patogeny. Najczęściej stosowaną metodą usuwania patogenów jest chlorowanie wody w stacjach uzdatniania i w systemie dystrybucji. W Algierii użycie chloru do uzdatniania wody jest powszechnie stosowaną praktyką. Podjęto praktyczne działania, aby zwiększyć stężenie pozostałego chloru w systemie publicznego zaopatrzenia w wodę części miasta Souk Ahras (Faubourg) w Algierii znanym z małego stężenia wolnego chloru (wg badań Algérienne des Eaux: ADE), szczególnie w miejscu odbioru wody. Zastosowana metoda jest kombinacją symulacji za pomocą programu EPANET2 i pomiarów terenowych. Model hydrauliczny był kalibrowany z wykorzystaniem analizy statystycznej, a obserwowane wartości były bardzo bliskie wynikom symulacji. Korzystniejsze stężenie chloru w całej sieci uzyskano po wprowadzeniu odpowiedniej jego dawki.

20

Characterization of the Hammamet basin aquifer (North-East of Algeria) through geochemical and geostructural methods and analysis

Chelih F., Fehdi C., Khan S.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 37

39--48

EN

Morphostructural, hydrogeological and hydrochemical approaches were applied to Hammamet plain and its surrounding mountains in the eastern part of Algeria to characterize the groundwater system and its potential for exploitation. The Essen and Troubia Mountains form the natural boundaries of Hammamet plain. The objective of this study is to utilize remote sensing techniques combined with structural analysis, hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry to identify the potential fracture zones for groundwater in the strongly fractured and karstified deep aquifers. The delineated zones of potential groundwater resources are verified by detailed hydrogeological field surveys. From a hydrogeological point of view, these two mountains, constitute a unit limited by faults oriented ENE-WSW, NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW. Specifically, fractures of the latter two directions influence the compartmentalization and the hydrogeological functioning of this unit. According to the degree of fracturing and/or karstification, two basic types of aquiferous behaviour have been distinguished: fissured aquifer (Essen Mountain and Troubia Mountain), and porous aquifer (Hammamet plain). The study of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater samples shows that the majority of samples are mainly of HCO3– and Ca2+ water type. The ionic speciation and mineral dissolution/precipitation was calculated with the PHREEQC software. The chemical composition of the water is influenced by the dissolution and/or precipitation processes during the water–rock interaction and by the cationic exchange reactions between groundwater and alluvial sediments. The high content of CO2 in the water samples suggests that they circulate in a geochemical open system. The isotopic analysis of some groundwater samples shows a similarity with the meteoric waters, which reflect their short residence time and a low evaporation of the infiltrated water.

PL

Celem scharakteryzowania systemu wód podziemnych oraz możliwości eksploatacji tych wód zastosowano metody morfologiczne, hydrogeologiczne i hydrochemiczne na równinie Hammamet i otaczających ją górach we wschodniej części Algierii. Góry Essen i Troubia tworzą naturalną granicę równiny Hammamet. Przedmiotem badań była identyfikacja możliwych stref szczelin w silnie spękanym i głębokim, krasowym poziomie wodonośnym z zastosowaniem technik teledetekcji w połączeniu z analizą strukturalną, hydrogeologią i hydrogeochemią. Wytyczone strefy potencjalnych zasobów wód gruntowych weryfikowano w szczegółowych hydrogeologicznych badaniach terenowych. Z hydrogeologicznego punktu widzenia wymienione góry stanowią jednostkę ograniczoną przez uskoki ułożone wzdłuż linii ENE-WSW, NNW-SSE i NNE-SSW. Szczeliny w dwóch ostatnich kierunkach wpływają na podział i hydrologię tej jednostki. Według stopnia spękania i/lub postępu procesów krasowych wyróżniono dwa główne typy poziomów wodonośnych: poziom spękany (góra Essen i góra Troubia) oraz poziom porowaty (równina Hammamet). Badanie hydrochemicznych właściwości próbek wody gruntowej wykazało, że są one zdominowane przez HCO3– i Ca+2. Skład jonowy i procesy rozpuszczania/wytrącania obliczano za pomocą programu PHREEQC. Na skład chemiczny wody wpływają procesy rozpuszczania i precypitacji w czasie oddziaływań między wodą a podłożem skalnym oraz wymiana kationów między wodą gruntową a aluwialnymi osadami. Duże stężenie CO2 w próbkach wody sugeruje, że krąży ona w systemie otwartym. Analiza izotopowa niektórych próbek wody wykazuje ich podobieństwo do wód opadowych, co uwidacznia się w ich krótkim czasie retencji i niewielkim parowaniu wód infiltracyjnych.