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1
Content available Przyszłość Al-Kaidy w Afganistanie pod rządami talibów
Staszczak Mariusz
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
|
2022
|
Nr 82
175--192
PL
Al-Kaida – mimo konkurencji ze strony Państwa Islamskiego – nadal jest jedną z najważniejszych organizacji dżihadystycznych na świecie i wciąż cieszy się szacunkiem i uznaniem wśród radykalnych muzułmanów. W artykule przybliżono okoliczności powstania tego ugrupowania i zbadano związki, jakie łączyły go z ruchem afgańskich talibów, a także jego rzeczywiste możliwości operacyjne i skalę zagrożenia, jakie stwarza dla wrogich ideologicznie krajów Zachodu. Analizie poddano ponadto zasady, na jakich Al-Kaida funkcjonowała na terenie Afganistanu, oraz konsekwencje, jakie wywarł na nią proces pokojowy, a także podpisana 29 lutego 2020 r. umowa między Stanami Zjednoczonymi a talibami. Opisano zarówno historyczną obecność Al-Kaidy w Afganistanie, jak i obecny status tego ugrupowania oraz jego reakcje na proces pokojowy. Uwzględniono również perspektywy, jakie rysują się w najbliższej przyszłości przed Al-Kaidą w Afganistanie.
EN
Al-Qaeda, despite competition from the Islamic State, still remains one of the most important jihadist organizations in the world and still enjoys respect and recognition among radical Muslims. The paper presents the circumstances of the group’s emergence and examines its links with the Afghan Taliban movement, as well as its actual operational capabilities and the scale of the threat it poses to ideologically hostile Western countries. It further examines the principles under which al-Qaeda has operated within Afghanistan and the consequences of the peace process and the agreement between the United States and the Talibans concluded on 29 February 2020. An outline was presented of the historical presence of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, the current status of the group and its reactions to the peace process. Also taken into consideration were the prospects for al-Qaeda in Afghanistan in the near future.
2
Content available Polityka Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec konfliktu afgańskiego i organizacji skupiajacych radykalnych muzułmanów w latach 80. i 90. XX wieku
Zarzecki R.
Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych
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2018
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R. 2
99--116
PL
Konflikt afgański jest bezpośrednio powiązany zarówno z genezą powstania wielu muzułmańskich ugrupowań terrorystycznych, jak i samym fenomenem terroryzmu islamskiego. Afganistan stał się miejscem formacyjnym dla dziesiątek organizacji skupiających radykalnych muzułmanów z całego świata. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy zaangażowanie Stanów Zjednoczonych w pomoc dla afgańskich bojowników miało wpływ na rozwój tychże ugrupowań. Analiza faktów dotyczących związków amerykańskich służb z radykalnymi muzułmanami w latach 80. i 90. ubiegłego wieku przybliża kwestię odpowiedzialności Stanów Zjednoczonych za zaistniały stan rzeczy. W artykule tym opisane są również zagadnienia dotyczące zmiany podejścia amerykańskich decydentów do fundamentalistycznych organizacji islamskich, jaka nastąpiła w latach 90. ubiegłego wieku, jak i przyczyn trwającej po dziś dzień tzw. „wojny z terroryzmem”.
EN
The Afghanistan conflict is deeply connected with history of origin of many Islamic terrorist groups and Islam terrorism phenomenon itself. Afghanistan has become formation site for dozens of groups gathering radical Muslims from around the world. This article attempts to show United States interference in emergence of such groups due to supporting the Afghan mujahideen. An analysis of the facts about the ties between American services and radical Muslims in the 1980s and 1990s is answer to question about U. S. responsibility for such conjuncture. The article tries to depict the change of approach to fundamental Islamic organizations in the 1990s and the reasons of ongoing Global War on Terrorism.
3
Content available remote Asymmetric Warfare – Not every war has to end?
Petener Zrinko
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2016
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Vol. 11, No. 2
30--44
EN
The study of warfare, throughout its history, as well as efforts to legally regulate the resort to war and the conduct of war, were concentrated exclusively on one form of warfare - interstate conflict. Only since the terrorist attacks on Washington and New York in 2001 and the following ‘Global War on Terrorism’ has a discussion on a potentially new kind of warfare - asymmetric warfare - moved into the spotlight. Despite all the scientific attention, the concept of asymmetric warfare remains undefined or ill-defined until today, resulting in a proliferation of its use and limiting its value. Hence, restraint in the use of the term is necessary, in order to reinforce its analytical value and applicability. Defining asymmetric warfare as a conflict among opponents who are so different in their basic features that comparison of their military power is rendered impossible, is such an attempt to limit the term to a substantially new form of warfare, witnessed in a conflict that is often commonly called the Global War on Terrorism. The past two years, since the upsurge of the so-called Islamic State to the forefront of the salafi jihadi movement, have witnessed a significant change in this war. Superficial analysis could lead to the conclusion that the proclamation of the Islamic Caliphate on the territories of Iraq and Syria (for now) seems to have recalibrated this conflict into traditional inter- state war again, making the concept of asymmetric warfare obsolete and diminishing it into just a short-term aberration in the history of warfare. Nothing could be further from the truth. The enemy in the Global War on Terrorism was and remains a global and territorially unrestricted ideological movement whose numbers cannot even be estimated, which fights its battles wherever it chooses to, and whose ultimate goal is the annihilation of the international system of sovereign states, not the creation of a new state within this system. The Islamic Caliphate in its current boundaries is nothing more than the “model Islamic state”, as envisioned by Osama bin Laden in his 1996 fatwa as part of Al Qaeda’s 200 year plan for the establishment of God’s Islamic World Order. This grand strategy is the guiding blueprint of the salafi jihad that is waged against the Westphalian state system in a war that is truly asymmetric. We have to adjust to this strategic asymmetry if we are to prevail in this struggle, fighting a long war against an indefinable enemy on battlefields that are still unknown.
4
Content available Pakistańska szarada
Czarnota Zygmunt, Moszumański Zbigniew
Wiedza Obronna
|
2013
|
nr 4
3--12
5
Content available remote Źródła finansowania Al-Kaidy
Lisiecki L., Kucharski K.
Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego
|
2013
|
R. 3, Nr 4
285--300
PL
W artykule przedstawiono cele, przesłanki powstania oraz działalność Al-Kaidy. Dokonano również analizy zdywersyfikowanych źródeł finansowania tej najbardziej znanej na świecie organizacji terrorystycznej. Zaprezentowała ona nowy wymiar terroryzmu, dotyczący zakresu i sposobu działalności, liczby wtajemniczonych oraz spektakularności prowadzonych akcji. Do tej pory żadna organizacja terrorystyczna na świecie nie zastraszyła jednocześnie tak dużej grupy ludzi. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie źródeł finansowania Al-Kaidy.
EN
The main aim of the article is to show the economic side of terrorist activities with respect to Al-Qaeda. The circumstance for Al-Qaeda evolvment, its general aims and actions taken is the main subject of article, from this perspective. Authors analyses diversified origins and means of financing of this best known terroristic world organization. The new dimensions of terrorism can be observed with respect to range and scope of its operations, as well as cell members’ acceptance and its barnstorming actions, as done by its independent cells. Until now, as proclaim the authors, there was no terrorist organization that was capable to terrorize such a great number of people, and the problem “why” can be of an economic issue.
6
Al-Kaida a współczesne zagrożenia terroryzmem lotniczym
Laskowski J.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych
|
2012
|
Nr 2
113--127
PL
Terroryzm lotniczy stanowi obecnie jedno z największych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państw Unii Europejskiej, Izraela oraz USA. Szczególną aktywność w tym obszarze wykazują islamskie ugrupowania terrorystyczne, wśród których prym wiedzie Al-Kaida. W artykule tym syntetycznie przedstawiono genezę i ewolucję terroryzmu lotniczego, przyczyny sięgnięcia po metody terrorystyczne przez radykalne ugrupowania islamskie (Al-Kaida), opisano i dokonano analizy operacji terrorystycznych zaplanowanych i przeprowadzonych przez Al-Kaidę na przestrzeni ostatnich 10 lat (po zamachach z 11 września 2001 r.) oraz nakreślono na tej podstawie prawdopodobne kierunki ewolucji terroryzmu lotniczego.
EN
Air terrorism is presently one of the greatest threats to the internal security of European Union countries, Israel and the USA. Particularly active in the area are Islamic terrorist groups, with Al-Qaeda being in the lead. The article: • contains the synthetic description of origin and evolution of air terrorism, • enumerates reasons for which radical Islamic groups ( Al-Qaeda ) applied terrorist methods, • describes and analyses terrorist actions planned and carried out by Al-Qaeda within the last 10 years ( after the attacks of 11th September, 2001 ) • outlines probable directions in which air terrorism can develop.
7
Content available remote Niespokojny Pakistan
Michalski Zbigniew Cezary
Wiedza Obronna
|
2008
|
nr 1
46--55
8
Content available remote Operacja „Enduring Freedom” : pierwsza wojna XXI wieku
Joniak J.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2007
|
nr 2(67)
145-155
EN
In the autumn of 2001 the United States, as a result of the attacks in New York and Washington, declared war on terrorism War with an enemy without a homeland had to be unconventional. It was waged mostly by small special forces units operating on land with a close cooperation of the Air Force. The land component consisted mainly of the Afghan opposition forces and small (considering the capabilities of the United States) American units of the Ground Forces. Although the latter were used in a very limited extent, some integration of the individual components allowed to destroy different targets simultaneously from land, air and sea. The operation was initiated with air raids, which were first directed at stated targets. Originally, their purpose was to destroy the existing (quite weak, though) system of air defense and communication infrastructure. Air supremacy was achieved quickly and the armed forces could be transported where they were needed. Yet, the most important issue in this war was information. The Americans, thanks to modern technology, acted with speed and precision. Modern technology proved its value and effectiveness.
9
Content available remote Afganistan i misja polska
Czarnota Zygmunt, Moszumański Zbigniew
Wiedza Obronna
|
2007
|
nr 1
32--59
10
Content available remote Uwarunkowania konfliktu zbrojnego w Afganistanie
Kosta R.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2002
|
nr 3-4(48-49)
56-67
EN
Since September 11, 2001 the whole world have focused on Afghanistan. The man who challenged the United States, Osama bin Laden, and the initiator of terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon lives in hiding in this country. The problem of terrorism in the contemporary world is analysed in many press, radio and TV commentaries. This article, taking this very important problem into account, pays attention to the roots of today's threat. It is not accidental that Afghanistan was chosen the main seat of Al Qaeda. Today's events in Afghanistan are closely connected with the political crisis that took place during the Cold War between the USA and the USSR. Afghanistan is part of the Middle East.
11
Content available remote Pierwsza wojna w XXI wieku
Ciupiński A.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2002
|
nr 1(46)
7-24
EN
The article deals with the development of events that occurred after September 11th attack on America. It contains a short historical outline of armed conflicts that the United States has participated since gaining its independence. The article presents basic facts relating to terrorist attacks, their immediate results and their consequences. It characterises the attack organisers and both American and world public opinion reactions. Due to the fact that a war has been declared, the author describes the forces' arrangement of parties engaged in the war. the potential that the Americans and their allies have deployed in the conflict zone (Afghanistan) and the determination and possibilities of the other side- the Taliban and Al Qaeda. The United States as the attacked party has received certain support of both the allies (NATO) and the other European countries (the EU). Islamic countries (e.g. Pakistan and Turkey) also joined the antiterrorist coalition. The first stage of the operation with the participation of the US and British Air Force and Navy did not bring definite Solutions, therefore the campaign is estimated to have a long lasting character. Probable consequences of the war against terrorism and related tendencies in world politics have been presented in the final part of the article.
12
Content available remote Al-Keida : międzynarodówka islamskich terrorystów
Otłowski T.
Wiedza Obronna
|
2002
|
nr 3
45--50
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