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Soil Bioavailability of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc in the Areas of Zn-Pb Ore Mining and Processing (Bukowno, Olkusz)

Kicińska Alicja, Smreczak Bożena, Jadczyszyn Jan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

84--92

EN

The study was performed to determine the bioavailable amounts of cadmium, lead, and zinc in the soils contaminated over the years of Zn-Pb ore mining and processing near Olkusz, Poland, and to identify the environmental risk (RAC) associated with the occurrence of the most mobile forms of these metals in the soil. The authors analyzed the topsoil samples for the basic physical and chemical parameters, as well as for total metal content (by aqua regia extraction), and for percentage of 1 M HCl- and 1 M NH4NO3 – extractable fractions. The results were compared with the content of these metals in a common grass species, Agrostis capillaris. In the study region, the Cd, Pb, and Zn contents were (respectively, in mg∙kg-1): 0.5–33.5, 2–529, and 4–7877. This means that in more than 24%, 30%, and 38% of samples, respectively, the metal content exceeded the limits defined by the Polish Environment Minister’s Regulation of September 9, 2002, with nearly 24% of soil samples contaminated by all three metals. On the basis of the Environment Minister’s Regulation of September 1, 2016, which is currently in force, and using the allowed limits for subgroup IV (industrial land), set at 15 mg∙kg-1 for Cd, 600 mg∙kg-1 for Pb, and 2000 mg∙kg-1 for Zn, the analysis also found the excessive metal content in a considerable percentage of the topsoil samples (33%, 13%, and 38%, respectively). The content of the studied elements in a common grass species, Agrostis capillaris, was significantly higher than the so-called natural content. A strict association was found between the total Cd, Pb, and Zn content, and the potentially available 1 M HCl – extractable fraction. The environmental risk presented by the content of mobile Cd, Pb, and Zn forms, assessed in all the studied soil samples using Risk Assessment Codes (RAC), demonstrates very high environmental risk associated with Cd, high environmental risk connected with Zn, and moderate environmental risk related to Pb.

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Arsenic, Cadmium, and Thallium Content in the Plants Growing in Close Proximity to a Zinc Works – Long-Term Observations

Kicińska Alicja

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

61--69

EN

The paper comprises an analysis of the As, Cd, and Tl content in two plant species (Agrostis capillaris and Betula pendula) commonly growing in the vicinity of the Miasteczko Śląskie Zinc Works, in the period of 1998–2018. In 2018, the As, Cd, and Tl content (in mg/kg) in the grasses was 1.10–1.68, 3.14–19.05, and 0.53–5.96, respectively, i.e. lower by 50–70%, compared to the year 1998. The As, Cd, and Tl content (in mg/kg) in birch leaves at the same time point was 0.74–1.54, 4.65–32.44, and 0.80–7.57, respectively, i.e. lower by 10–80%, compared to values found 20 years earlier. In all grass and birch leaf samples collected in 1998 and 2018, the content of the studied elements exceeded the so-called “natural levels”. The 1998 content of As, Cd, and Tl in the plants was due to the settling of dust containing industrial pollutants and reached 77–96%. After 20 years, the contribution of this source of pollution was considerably lower, reaching 63–79%. The performed analyses demonstrated the following mean contents of the analyzed elements in dust: 243 mg As/kg, 1113 mg Cd/kg, and 44 mg Tl/kg, which confirms the hypothesis on the major role of dust in the current soil and plant pollution. In all the habitats analyzed, a significant decrease of the transfer factor (TF) was found for As and Cd in 2018, compared to 1998. For Tl, a different observation was made. In three out of four analyzed habitats, TF decreased over the two decades studied, whereas in the remaining habitat, TF was higher in 2018 than in 1998 both for the grasses and for the birch leaves. Over the past 20 years, the most polluted area changed as well, from the land located closest to the zinc works, in the direction aligned with the most common winds, to the areas subject to the most intense settling of pollutants carried by the wind from unsecured heaps and industrial waste storage areas.

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Tolerancja Zn przez trawy Agrostis capillaris (L.) rosnące na terenach sąsiadujących z ZHG "Bolesław" w Bukownie [komunikat]

Kicińska-Świderska A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2003

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Vol. 29, no. 3

149--158

PL

Emisja pyłów przemysłowych w rejonie Bukowna zawierających znaczne ilości metali ciężkich spowodowała wzrost ich zawartości w glebie oraz opad na nadziemne części roślin. Roślinność porastająca sąsiedztwo ZGH "Bolesław" w Bukownie wykazuje "naturalną" selekcję i przystosowanie do silnego zanieczyszczenia jakie występuje na tym terenie. Opisany gatunek traw Agrosiis capillaris ma wysoką tolerancję ekologiczną na bardzo duże stężenia cynku. W pracy określono zawartości Zn w poszczególnych częściach traw oraz wpływ pyłów przemysłowych na wzrost roślin. Zbadano również granice tolerancji na cynk gatunku Agrostis capillaris oraz w których częściach roślin (liście, łodygi, korzenie) następuje akumulacja tego pierwiastka, przy występowaniu wysokich stężeń w środowisku wzrostu.

EN

This paper is content of brief review of the problems of uptake, translocation and distribution of zinc in grass (Agrposts capillaris). Grasses as well as other plant species growing on metal contaminated soil have been selected for metal resistance for a long time. An increase in heavy metals like Zn, Pb and Cd in soil caused changes in root morphology and physiology as well as the tolerance of different plant species. The uptake and transport of zinc in plants is higher in older plants parts, like old or dead leaves, than in younger parts. There were measured the zinc resistance of the grass and bioaccumulation in different parts of grasses.