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1

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758) : A case study from Boka Kotorska Bay (Montenegro)

Nikolić Slađana, Mandić Milica, Pešić Vladimir, Ikica Zdravko, Peraš Ines

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 1

31--39

EN

Although integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is recognized as a strategy to control and minimize the impact of fish farming on the marine environment, there are still many unknowns when it comes to this type of farming. This paper presents the results of research on the growth of European flat oysters in IMTA and monoculture systems. Growth was monitored at three different sites: near fish cages, 100 m from fish cages, and in a monoculture system, during an 18-month experiment. The highest mortality occurred at the site near the fish cages. At the end of the experiment, all monitored individuals reach commercial size, except for four individuals at the site near the fish cages. There were statistically significant differences in oyster growth with respect to site and period. At the site near the fish cages, oyster growth was significantly lower compared to the growth at the two other sites. The most intense growth of oysters occurred during the spring and early summer period. Our results indicate that the production cycle of oysters in integrated aquaculture and monoculture is quite similar and that sites directly adjacent to fish cages should be avoided for oyster farming.

2

A Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure to manage multidisciplinary, inhomogeneous and fragmented geodata in a FAIR perspective ... the Adriatic Sea experience

Foglini Federica, Grande Valentina

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (1)

260--277

EN

The Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) and the Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) have gathered a substantial amount of heterogeneous geodata through the years in the Adriatic Sea, with different methodologies and for multiple scopes regarding geological, oceanographic, biological, anthropogenic aspects, and their interactions. To overcome challenges in datasets heterogeneity and fragmentation, a Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) has been set up, with the aim to integrate and preserve geodata, foster their reuse (e.g. the generation of scenarios for geological past and future developments by the application of numerical models), and ensure a good degree of FAIRness (FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). The MSDI consists of a Spatial Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) based on specific data models designed following in part the INSPIRE Directive data specifications, a WebGIS, a metadata catalogue, and a cloud system. This paper shows the potentialities of this MSDI and discusses the main implementation steps, the elements that make up the infrastructure, the level of FAIRness reached, the main elements promoting FAIRness, and the gaps to be covered. Compliance with the FAIR principles represents a fundamental step to developing interoperability with European and international marine data management infrastructures for handling and exchanging multidisciplinary data.

3

Improvement of port infrastructure on Croatian Islands using EU funds – the island of Brač, the port of Bol

Favro Srećko, Mužinić Dora

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2023

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Vol. 3, no. 2

5--15

EN

Bol is located on the island of Brač, therefore connecting Bol with the mainland or with the national road network is extremely important both for tourism and for the economy as a whole. Port Bol belongs to the ports of county significance and is managed by the Port Authority of Split-Dalmatia. In the town of Bol on Brač, there is a port open to public passenger traffic that connects the island of Brač with the mainland and the ports of the other islands. The existing port is characterized by limited capacity, dilapidation, and inadequate construction considering the demand of maritime traffic in the port. This paper will present the expansion of the port of Bol open to public traffic in order to create a high-quality harbor pier for public traffic, which would relieve the traffic burden of the city of Bol and the municipality of Bol and provide the local population with quality public transportation, which is currently not available, with as little as possible impact on the environment. The purpose of the project is not to make money, but to create content that will improve the quality of life of the local population and keep them in Bol in order to reduce the tendency of the "island dying". The local population is the main driver of the city's development and life. In order to improve the demographic picture, it is necessary to provide the local population with quality primary conditions for life and progress.

4

Cruise ships routing in central part of the Adriatic east coast

Dorigatti J., Lušić Z., Perić T., Jelić Mrčelić G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 1

161--166

EN

Strong expansion of cruise ships traffic and cruising destinations in the Adriatic makes the region ideal for cruise ships routing analysis. The aim of this paper is to detect real cruise ships traffic movement in order to understand how present cruise ships routes are navigationally and environmentally sustainable and safe. Cruise ships characteristic operational demand and navigational routine in relation with regions indented coast line with high level of environmentally preserved areas in landscape of high national value, emphasise importance of real cruise ships routing awareness. The research is based on one year cruise ships traffic monitoring and routes analysis in the Central Adriatic East coast. The results offer detail insight of cruise ships navigational routines in navigationally less defined area that has not been frequent cruising region before. Cruise ships routes comparison is carried out between North Adriatic region, which is well defined with traffic separation schemes and navigational aids and less defined Central and South Adriatic regions. The results show that principle of cruise ships routing differ from standard maritime practice and that operational demand for attractive cruising and passenger experience bring cruise ships close to shores in various demanding navigational situations. That routing practice does not meet criteria of sustainability as it often present high navigational, safety and environmental risk.

5

Impact of environmental factors on phytoplankton composition and their marker pigments in the northern Adriatic Sea

Eker-Develi Elif, Berthon Jean-François, Free Gary

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

615--630

EN

Phytoplankton composition, abundance and carbon biomass were investigated at monthly intervals during 2006–2007 at a coastal site, “Acqua Alta” an oceanographic tower, in the northern Adriatic Sea. Results were compared with chlorophyll a concentrations of phytoplankton classes attributed by HPLC-CHEMTAX analysis. Changes in the taxonomic structure were associated with environmental parameters. The total carbon biomass of phytoplankton was positively correlated with the temperature and negatively correlated with silicate concentrations. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the winter–spring period than in the summer-autumn period. The highest carbon biomass and abundance of phytoplankton were observed during summer–autumn months. Diatoms were the group that had the highest contribution to the total carbon biomass during the sampling period. Small flagellates, which were the major contributors to the total cell counts were dominant during the summer period. There was a significant correlation between carbon biomass and CHEMTAX-derived Chl a values of diatoms and dinoflagellates. However, the total carbon biomass of phytoplankton was not correlated with Chl a, which seemed to be related to seasonal changes in the ratios of C:Chl a of all taxonomic classes. This ratio was higher during the summer-autumn period (73 ± 33) than during the winter–spring period (17 ± 20).

6

The selection of an LNG terminal location by evaluating its potential impact on marine environments, safety, and costs

Jurić Majda, Dundović Čedomir, Perić Tina, Jelić-Mrčelić Gorana

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2021

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nr 68 (140)

26--37

EN

In this paper, a new multi-step approach for the selection of an LNG terminal location (for offshore terminal, onshore terminal, or floating storage regasification unit – FSRU) was presented based on the holistic evaluation of the impacts of the potential LNG terminal. The first step was to divide the entire observed area of the Adriatic Sea of the Republic of Croatia into smaller areas by using the geographic information system (GIS) and then selecting areas where the installation of an LNG terminal was technically feasible based on the pre-elimination criteria. Potential LNG terminal areas were selected by taking into account all pre-elimination criteria, and 14 areas were selected by using pre-elimination criteria in a GIS smart chart tool that enabled the analysis of spatial data. The second step involved analyzing the elimination criteria of the 14 areas selected in the first step by pre-elimination criteria analyses. Six potential LNG terminal micro-locations were selected based on the defined elimination criteria. In the third step, these six micro-locations were evaluated by experts by using 38 specific sub-criteria classified into five distinct groups: economic (11 sub-criteria), ecological (13 sub-criteria), safety (4 sub-criteria), traffic connection (6 sub-criteria), and gas needs (4 sub-criteria). The fourth step involved making a multi-criteria expert analysis of the six locations selected in the previous step (for onshore terminals, offshore terminals, and FSRU) for the analysis of three different scenarios by the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METhod of Enrichment Evaluation) method. In every scenario, one group of sub-criteria was selected as the most important according to its cumulative relationship with the other groups of criteria (scenario 1 – economic group; scenario 2 – ecological group; scenario 3 – safety group). A different importance (weight) was given to each of the sub-criteria. The methodology presented in this paper can also be used for decision-making processes for other marine and coastal activities, where incorporating an ecosystem approach is necessary for taking into account safety and project costs; however, the selection of pre-elimination criteria, elimination criteria, and sub-criteria should be carefully adjusted to other situations or activities.

7

Research study and the model for improving the safety of navigation when using the AIS

Medić D., Bukljaš M., Bošnjak R., Vukša S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 3

577--582

EN

The use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) devices for ensuring the safety of navigation and the errors occurring when using AIS equipment have been the focus of a number of research studies. The users of AIS equipment installed onboard sea-going vessels are required to familiar with the proper use of the devices and potential errors that may occur. A significant problem revealed in this study is the lack of understanding of potential error sources and the necessity to eliminate such errors prior to transmission of the AIS data message reading of the errors and failure to update the data processed by the AIS system. This results in a hypothesis on the insufficient training of seafarers and their familiarisation with the AIS devices and errors. This research is aimed at increasing the safety of navigation in the Adriatic Sea, as well as other seas, i.e. better accident prevention and protection of human life and material property at sea. The results produced by the research are used as an input for creating a model for enhancing the safety of navigation when using the AIS, through additional training of the seafarers.

8

Influence of cruise ship size on length of stay in port

Jurić Z., Bratić K., Dobrota D., Štolfa I.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 2

423--426

EN

How long the cruise ship is staying in port? Does that value change during the year? Is the period linked to the number of passengers and the size of the ship? What influences overall period of the stay in port? These questions are just a sample of questions appeared before the research team which tried to establish rules of the Cruise ships seasonal pattern on the East Coast of the Adriatic Sea several questions appeared. Answers to cited questions are presented in this article, obtained by analysing the behaviour of cruise vessels in three biggest ports on the East Coast of the Adriatic Sea during the period of two years.

9

Distribution of the international marine traffic air pollutant emissions in the port of split

Mihanović L., Lalić B., Bratić K., Stazić L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 3

611--614

EN

The paper describes the initial part of the research into the impact of the Port of Split marine traffic on the environment and the city. The Port of Split is situated in the middle of the Adriatic Sea and it is one of busiest marine traffic regions in the Mediterranean. The Port consists of six geographically separated basins, two of them for smaller vessels, other four for the international marine traffic. The paper presents type and size of vessels in basins, engine size, stay in Port and finally quantity of the international marine traffic air pollutant emission per each basin. The distribution of the international marine traffic and its air pollutant emission pinpoint exactly main sources of the emissions in the area around the city and its dependency on various factors linked to the vessels, showing that the city is encircled by with multiple pollution sources.

10

Determination of the cruise vessels seasonal pattern ineastern Adriatic

Stanivuk T., Mišura A., Stazić L., Štolfa I.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 4

743--748

EN

The notion of a seasonal pattern of cruise ships has been used frequently, but very few authors have analysed all the features of this pattern. This article adds some new insights on this topic by analysing cruise ship activity in the three largest ports on the east coast of Adriatic Sea in 2017 and 2018. The article presents an analysis of cruise ship arrivals at the ports and compares the analysis to the established pattern in the Mediterranean, revealing the nature of the seasonal pattern for the ports analysed. In addition, two further analyses were carried out, firstly the analysis of ship size, which determines new characteristics of the seasonal pattern. The second additional analysis considered the duration of ship visit during different times of the year and determined another pattern characteristic.

11

The influence of external environment to the ferry lines and marine passenger terminals

Krile Srećko, Maiorov Nikolai

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 2

203--214

EN

Marine passenger ports are integrated into the transport systems of cities and regions today. If there are sufficient developed mathematical forecasting models in the class of polynomial models, probability series, and a number of others, then the models describing the influence of the external environment on ferry market are not sufficient. The developed scheme of interaction between the participants of the cruise market and the mathematical model of the port as a technical system is presented in this research. The article substantiates new purposes to use the logistic function to assess the external environment. A mathematical model and the derivation of the new basic equation of the logistic function for ferry market are given. Analytical data were collected on the ports and terminals of the Adriatic Sea and the Baltic Sea, and data were selected of ship calls at the passenger port St. Petersburg “Marine Facade” (2019-2020). The article proposes the consideration of new various proportionality factors that will determine the demand for cruise transportation modeling in the short-term forecasting interval. A complete mathematical model is given taking into account the real schedule of the sea passenger port. The logistic function proposed in the article allows us to solve the forecasting problem in a new way in relation to the selection and evaluation of a cruise product. Moreover, it allows us to solve a group of economic problems related to promotion problem for particular cruise product on the market, allows us to evaluate the activity of passengers when they are choosing a cruise product, and allows us to make adjustments to the planned port working schedules and to make timely adjustments. The main advantage of the proposed model is an analytical assessment of the effect of the external environment, both on passenger ports and on ferry and cruise companies.

12

Measurements and numerical modelling of surface waves in front of the port of split

Leder N., Duplančić Leder T., Lončar G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 1

191--197

EN

Wind generated surface waves were measured at V2 station (φ=43°29.3’ N; λ=16° 27.9’ E) in the Brački Kanal Channel area of the Middle Adriatic, in front of the port of Split. This was undertaken in the time interval from November 2007 to June 2008, by using Datawell MKIII waverider with all its compo-nents. For the analysis and description of extreme sea states maximum recorded wave height Hmax and sig-nificant wave height H1/3 were presented as well as associated wave spectra. The measurement results show that much larger waves appear in the open Adriatic compared to the Middle Adriatic channel area. Numerical modelling of wave generation in the Brački Kanal Channel area and wider island area of the Middle Adriatic Sea was performed by using Mike 21/SW numerical model. Wind field used for the forcing in numerical simulations relies on the results of the prognostic atmospheric model Aladin-CRO. For verification of model results, results of measurement at a waverider station V2 located in front of the port of Split were used. It was concluded that measured and modelled significant wave heights were very well matched.

13

Assessment of the Content of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in Water and Algae from the Region of Makarska Riviera in Croatia

Niemiec Marcin, Komorowska Monika, Ujevic Ivana, Kuboń Maciej, Sikora Jakub, Szeląg-Sikora Anna

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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Tom 21, cz. 2

974--986

EN

The aim of this paper was to assess the content of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in water and in algae collected in the region of the Makarska Riviera. The samples of water and algae were collected in August 2016 from nine sampling points: Makarska, Podgora, Baska Voda, Split ul. Jana Pawła II, Storbeč, Podstrana, Omiš, Mimice, Dvernik. The concentrations of the elements in the water and in the digested algae samples were determined using the ICP-OES method. The study results indicate anthropogenic enrichment of all studied elements in water, with the exception of manganese. Higher contents of studied elements in water collected in Split were found. The concentrations of elements in algae do not indicate pollution of the natural environment and are characteristic of non-contaminated areas. The content of the studied elements in the water decreased in the order Fe>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cr in Cystoseira barbata algae decreased in the order Fe>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cr and in Ulva rigida in the order Fe>Mn>Cr>Cu>Ni.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena zawartości Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn i Ni w wodzie i glonach pobranych w rejonie Riwiery Makarskiej. Próbki wody oraz glonów pobrano w sierpniu 2016 roku z dziewięciu punktów badawczych: Makarska, Podgora, Baska Voda, Split ul. Jana Pawła II, Storbeč, Podstrana, Omiš, Mimice, Dvernik. Zawartość pierwiastków w wodzie oraz roztworzonych próbkach glonów oznaczono metodą spektrometrii emisyjnej, w aparacie Optima 7600 DV firmy Perkin Elmer. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują na antropogeniczne wzbogacenie wody we wszystkie badane pierwiastki z wyjątkiem manganu. Stwierdzono większe zawartości badanych pierwiastków w wodzie pobranej w Splicie w porównaniu do próbek z innych miejsc. Zawartości pierwiastków w glonach nie wskazują na zagrożenie na środowiska naturalnego i są charakterystyczne dla obszarów niezanieczyszczonych. Zawartość badanych pierwiastków w wodzie malała w kolejności Fe>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cr. W biomasie glonów z rodzaju Cystoseira barbata w kolejności Fe>Mn>Cu>Ni>Cr, zaś w glonach Ulva rigida Fe>Mn>Cr>Cu>Ni.

14

The problem of ballast water in montenegro ports and possibility of its treatment

Ćipranić Ivana, Jevric Marija, Sekulic Goran, Tomovic Sreten

Polish Maritime Research

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2019

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nr 3

188--193

EN

The problem of ballast water has been present in the world for the last hundred years, but it has grown and become more complex with the increasing intensity of overseas traffic. Introduction of various species from different parts of the world threatens flora and fauna, especially regarding small and closed seas, such as the Adriatic Sea. New species cause an interruption of the existing food chain which keeps the natural balance and purity of the sea. Many domicile organisms in the sea have been disappearing due to changes in environmental conditions, which significantly impairs the sea-water quality. This paper deals with different possible ways of sea and port protection from ballast water, starting with administrative measures, up to proposals of technologies by which those waters could be treated. The problem of ballast water is of particular concern in the Montenegrin part of the Adriatic Sea, and the protection proposal is given.

15

Strategic importance of the seaport of Koper, Slovenia

Zupančič J.

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2016

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nr 19(3)

18--26

EN

Presented is the development of the city and the port of Koper in the Upper Adriatic and its role as a regional transport node. Koper is in fact a substitute port-city; it developed after the decline of Trieste in the post-WW2 period because of the needs of Slovenian economy within ideologically polarized Europe during the 1950s. Favourable economic connections between Slovenia and the wider hinterlands in Central Europe facilitated the development of this port into an important North Adriatic transport node, with over 20 million tons of cargo per year and specialization for transportation of cars, timber, containers and finer commodities.

16

Sediment transport modifications induced by submerged artificial reef systems : a case study for the Gulf of Venice

Bonaldo D., Benetazzo A., Bergamasco A., Falcieri F. M., Carniel S., Aurighi M., Sclavo M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 1

7--20

EN

The shallow, gently sloping, sandy-silty seabed of the Venetian coast (Italy) is studded by a number of outcropping rocky systems of different size encouraging the development of peculiar zoobenthic biocenoses with considerably higher biodiversity indexes compared to neighbouring areas. In order to protect and enhance the growth of settling communities, artificial monolithic reefs were deployed close to the most important formations, providing further nesting sites and mechanical hindrance to illegal trawl fishing. In this framework, a multi-step and multi-scale numerical modelling activity was carried out to predict the perturbations induced by the presence of artificial structures on sediment transport over the outcroppings and their implications on turbidity and water quality. After having characterized wave and current circulation climate at the sub-basin scale over a reference year, a set of small scale simulations was carried out to describe the effects of a single monolith under different geometries and hydrodynamic forcings, encompassing the conditions likely occurring at the study sites. A dedicated tool was then developed to compose the information contained in the small-scale database into realistic deployment configurations, and applied in four protected outcroppings identified as test sites. With reference to these cases, under current meteomarine climate the application highlighted a small and localised increase in suspended sediment concentration, suggesting that the implemented deployment strategy is not likely to produce harmful effects on turbidity close to the outcroppings. In a broader context, the activity is oriented at the tuning of a flexible instrument for supporting the decision-making process in benthic environments of outstanding environmental relevance, especially in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management or Maritime Spatial Planning applications. The dissemination of sub-basin scale modelling results via the THREDDS Data Server, together with an user-friendly software for composing single-monolith runs and a graphical interface for exploring the available data, significantly improves the quantitative information collection and sharing among scientists, stakeholders and policy-makers.

17

Possibilities for Motorways of the Sea development in the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea

Beškovnik Bojan

Polish Maritime Research

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2013

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nr 1

87--93

EN

This article presents a wider perspective on possibilities of Motorways of the Sea development in the Adriatic Sea, with a special emphasis on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. A complete overview of Motorways of the Sea development has been presented, and key elements influencing the development of Motorways of the Sea were analysed. It has been ascertained that there exist a lot of bottlenecks in the connection to the transport infrastructure in South East Europe. Superannuated port infrastructure, unsuitable inland connections, and nonexistent IT tools for electronic data exchange between all participators in the logistics chain hinder dynamic development of Motorways of the Sea. All these elements were thoroughly analysed, and a proposal for a macro transport strategy suitable for South East Europe has been exposed. It has been accentuated that there is a future for Motorways of the Sea introduction but all described bottlenecks have to be further analysed and removed in a short period of time, to stimulate private sector for financial investments.

18

Phytoplankton size structure and species composition as an indicator of trophic status in transitional ecosystems: the case study of a Mediterranean fjord-like karstic bay

Bosak S., Šilović T., Ljubešić Z., Kušpilić G., Pestorić B., Krivokapić S., Viličić D.

Oceanologia

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2012

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No. 54 (2)

255-286

EN

The species composition and size-structure of the phytoplankton community in the Boka Kotorska Bay (SE Adriatic Sea) were analysed with respect to abundance and carbon biomass, together with the physico-chemical parameters, with the aim of evaluating the predefined oligo-mesotrophic status of this transitional water ecosystem. Three stations located in the inner part of the Bay were sampled with seasonal frequency in 2008/2009. Picophytoplankton cells were counted using flow cytometry; nanophytoplankton and microphytoplankton were identified and counted by light microscopy. The relative importance of the picoplankton in the Bay, in terms of both abundance and biomass, during all the investigated seasons emphasized their significance in the phytoplankton community. Picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus) constituted a significant part of the summer assemblages with regard to both abundance (up to 3.38 × 108 cells L-1) and carbon biomass (up to 73% of total phytoplankton carbon). The contribution of the nanophytoplankton was found to be generally low (< 20% of the total phytoplankton carbon) in all seasons, and was dominated by autotrophic/mixotrophic flagellates. Species with a preference towards nutrient-enriched conditions, like the diatom Skeletonema marinoi, dominated the microphytoplankton fraction. S. marinoi was the most abundant in spring/winter (up to 2.86 × 106 cells L-1) above the halocline (making a 96% contribution to the microphytoplankton). The potentially toxin-producing diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima was recorded at abundances greater than 105 cells L-1, together with Thalassionema frauenfeldii, as well as the dinoflagellates Prorocentrum micans and the potentially harmful P. minimum. The higher values of phytoplankton biomass and the dominance of phytoplankton species or groups with preferences for nutrient-enriched conditions appear to be consistent with the oligo-mesotrophic status of this specific ecosystem.

19

Distribution of phytoplankton along the thermohaline gradient in the north-eastern Adriatic channel; winter aspect

Viličić D., Kuzmić M., Bosak S., Šilović T., Hrustić E., Burić Z.

Oceanologia

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2009

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No. 51 (4)

495-513

EN

The distribution of phytoplankton and its relation to the hydrographic features in the north-eastern Adriatic was investigated in February 2008. The area of interest included a thermohaline gradient in the channel situated between the coast and the islands lying parallel to the coast. The gradient is controlled by the influx of oligotrophic karstic riverine water at the south-eastern end, submarine springs in the middle part, and warmer offshore waters at the north-western end of the channel. The change of temperature and salinity in the estuarine transition zone was accompanied by abundant diatoms and dinoflagellates below the halocline, with dominant chain-forming diatoms (Chaetoceros, Bacteriastrum) in abundances reaching 5 ×105 cells dm-3. The impact of coastal submarine springs detected by infrared remote sensing resulted in the growth of cyanobacteria in the nitrogen-depleted surface waters. The greater contribution of picoplankton, as well as of nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids and cryptophytes, in the outer channel system indicated their preference for oligotrophic conditions. Flow cytometric counts of nanophytoplankton were 10-30 times greater than inverted microscope counts. Cyanobacteria were about five times more abundant than picoeukaryotes. The study demonstrates how different techniques (remote sensing and in situ investigations) can be useful in understanding the biological and hydrographic set-up in the specific oligotrophic eastern Adriatic coastal environment.

20

Specificity of ENC data representation on an archipelagic sea area – example of the east coast of the middle Adriatic Sea area

Duplancic Leder T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 4

395--398

EN

Production of ENCs is based on the theory of multiscale data management (usage bands) and multiple representation of ENC data, controlled by scale minimum (SCAMIN) attributes. This paper presents a solution to the problem of multiscale data management and multiple representation as a part of ENC data production for archipelagic sea areas, using the east coast of the Middle Adriatic Sea area as a typical example. This study is based on a long-standing experience in the production of paper charts and recently ENC production for eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, which is believed to be the second largest archipelagic area in the Mediterranean. A new method of using SCAMIN attributes for archipelagic seas was proposed, based on Canadian method. Also, a new usage band scale range, compilation scale (twice the chart scale) for all navigational purposes and method of using SCAMIN attributes for archipelagic seas are proposed.