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1
Content available Investigating Microplastics in the Mediterranean Coastal Areas – Case Study of Al-Hoceima Bay, Morocco
Achoukhi Iliass, El Hammoudani Yahya, Dimane Fouad, Haboubi Khadija, Bourjila Abdelhak, Haboubi Chaimae, Benaissa Chaimae, Elabdouni Aouatif, Faiz Hatim
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 24, nr 5
176--190
EN
The issue of microplastics pollution is gaining increasing attention as a global environmental concern. These tiny particles, measuring no more than 5 mm in size and coming in various shapes, can affect all types of marine eco-systems as they are easily consumed by a wide range of marine species. Al-Hoceima Bay, with its semi-enclosed nature and heavily affected anthropized coastline, was chosen as the study area for this research. The main objective was to investigate the presence of various microplastic types in Al-Hoceima Bay by implementing a sampling strategy along the coastline. This comprehensive approach was applied on a local scale within the bay (located in the northwest Mediterranean). Three stations were established in the bay, each located at different levels: the supralittoral, medilittoral and interlittoral. Microplastics were collected from these locations and classified into four categories based on their abundance. Digital microscopy was used to count the plastic particles and they were identified by Fourier transform-attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results showed a higher presence of microplastics in water at 114 particles/L compared to sediment at 70 particles/L. The classification of samples revealed fibers as the most prevalent form, followed by fragments and films being the least commonly found. The abundance of fibers was found to be higher in water 90%, while in sediment it was 31%, however, fragments and leaves were found in higher concentrations in sediment. Polypropylene and polyethylene were identified as the major polymers used in the microplastics analyzed.
2
Content available Effect of the Chemical Unhairing Process on Pulled Wool Characteristics
Abdellaoui Olfa, Harizi Taoufik, Msahli Slah
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
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2022
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Vol. 30, no. 3
70--78
EN
Textile research is being driven to find sustainable materials as an alternative to raw fibers. In fact, reusing fibrous waste, as a byproduct, is one of the most important environmental challenges that confront the world. This research focused on studying pulled wool fibers as a natural fiber to reduce environmental loading. There are large amounts of residual pulled wool fibers that can be recycled and valorised. Therefore, raw and pulled wool fibers were characterized and compared. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) results show that on the pulled wool fiber, the surface became rougher and the scales appear affected and less dense. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the crystallinity of the pulled fiber decreased lightly. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infra Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analyzes presented some changes in chemical composition. A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) test showed an increase in the amount of cystic acids. The pulled wool fiber indicates that it might have damaged some crosslinks of macromolecular chains in the fiber. Thus, physical, chemical and mechanical properties are affected during the chemical unhairing process. This research purpose was to increase the potential for better value of pulled wool as it presents the natural fiber most used in several applications.
3
Content available Wstępna ocena możliwości zafałszowania olejków eterycznych
Chyc Marek
Science, Technology and Innovation
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2020
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Vol. 11, no. 4
1--7
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad oceną możliwości zafałszowania olejków eterycznych dostępnych na polskim rynku. Badania przeprowadzono za pomocą analizy z zakresu podczerwieni (FTIR) na próbkach olejków: drzewa herbacianego, eukaliptusowego, ylang-ylang i paczulowego. Otrzymane widma FTIR porównano z widmem oleju (tłuszczu) roślinnego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że olejek paczulowy zostały zafałszowany, natomiast w przypadku olejku ylang-ylang zastosowana metoda analityczna nie daje możliwości jednoznacznej informacji dotyczącej zafałszowania olejku.
EN
The paper presents the results of investigation on the assessment of the possibility of adulteration of essential oils available on the Polish market. The research was carried out by means of an infrared (FTIR) analysis on samples of the following oils: tea tree, eucalyptus, ylang-ylang and patchouli. The obtained FTIR spectra were compared with that of vegetable oil (fat). Based on the analysis, it was found that the patchouli oil was adulterated. ATR-FTIR is not very useful method sufficiently reliable method to confirm adulteration of ylang-ylang oil.
4
Content available Improvement of Microstructure and Barrier Properties of Silicate Coatings on Low Carbon Steel by Incorporating Colloidal Nano-SiO2
Majdi M. R., Danaee I., Zaarei D., Farzam M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2020
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Vol. 65, iss. 2
627--638
EN
Silicate coatings have been considered as an alternative to toxic and carcinogenic other chemical treatments. In this paper, a strengthened silicate coating was formed on the surface of low carbon steel by dip immersion method. The modification and strengthening was done by loading colloidal nano-SiO2 into the film. The characterizations of nano-SiO2 were investigated by FESEM, TEM and FT-IR. The effects of nano contents (weight ratio) and drying temperatures on corrosion properties of silicate film were studied. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and immersion tests have been used to study corrosion behavior of nano-loaded silicate films. Surface morphology, microstructure and its chemical composition were analyzed by means of FESEM, EDS, AFM, XRD, GIXRD, ATR-FTIR and Raman techniques. Results indicated that colloidal nano-SiO2 properly modified the silicate coatings and significantly improved the corrosion resistance and barrier property. Also drying temperature showed a considerable effect in silicate coating and higher corrosion resistance was obtained with 150°C curing.
5
Application of in-line ATR FTIR spectroscopy in the denvelopment of coating materials
Kędzierski Michał, Ofat-Kawalec Izabela, Bończa-Tomaszewski Zbigniew
Farby i Lakiery
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2019
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nr 3
6--14
EN
Selected examples of using in-line ATR FTIR technique to control the synthesis of coating materials and analyze the interactions of coating components and functional additives will be presented. React IR™ system (Mettler Toledo), composed of portable ATR FTR spectrometer, fiber conduit probe tipped with diamond sensor and software Processing the acquired spectroscopic data, was successfully applied for monitoring of real-time conversion of reactants during the addition of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and maleic acid, emulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, synthesis of polyester resin for powder coatings by transesterification and study on the interaction of isophorone diisocyanate with hydrotalcite nanofiller.
PL
Zaprezentowane zostaną wybrane przykłady zastosowania techniki ATR FTIR in-line do kontroli syntezy materiałów powłokowych i analizy wzajemnego oddziaływania składników wyrobów lakierowych i dodatków funkcjonalnych. System React IR™ (Mettler Toledo), składający się z przenośnego spektrometru ATR FTIR, sondy światłowodowej zakończonej czujnikiem diamentowym i oprogramowania przetwarzającego uzyskane dane spektroskopowe, z powodzeniem zastosowano do monitorowania konwersji reagentów w czasie rzeczywistym podczas dodawania dicyklopentadienu (DCPD) i kwasu maleinowego, polimeryzacji emulsyjnej oktametylocyklotetrasiloksanu, syntezy żywicy poliestrowej do farb proszkowych przez transestryfikację i badania wzajemnego oddziaływania diizocyjanianu izoforonu z nanowypełniaczem w postaci hydrotalcytu.
6
Content available remote Wpływ pola magnetycznego na zawartość 5-hydroksymetylofurfuralu, aktywność diastazy oraz zmiany w widmach ATR-FTIR w świeżych miodach gryczanych
Kędzierska-Matysek M., Matwijczuk A., Florek M., Kornarzyński K., Matwijczuk A., Wolanciuk A., Barłowska J., Gładyszewska B.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2018
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T. 97, nr 3
381--386
PL
Dokonano oceny wpływu zróżnicowanych dawek zmiennego pola magnetycznego na zawartość 5-hydroksymetylofurfuralu (5-HMF) i wartość liczby diastazowej (LD) w próbach świeżego miodu gryczanego. W badaniach stosowano stałe pola magnetyczne o indukcji B = 50-80 mT (oznaczone jako pole A) oraz B = 130–150 mT (oznaczone jako pole B), jak również zmienne pole magnetyczne o częstości 50 Hz i indukcji B = 30 mT (oznaczone jako pole C). Dodatkowo do oceny miodu wykorzystano analizę zmian spektralnych w widmach ATR-FTIR. W próbach kontrolnych miodów zawartość 5-HMF wynosiła średnio 2,41 mg/kg, a przeciętna wartość liczby diastazowej 67,59. Wykazano, że wszystkie przyjęte dawki pola magnetycznego (A, B i C) wpływały (p > 0,05) na zwiększenie zawartości 5-HMF. Przeciętny udział 5-HMF w miodach poddanych działaniu pola B lub C wzrósł o ponad 50% w porównaniu z próbami kontrolnymi. Odmienny typ i dawka pola magnetycznego wpływały na zmianę LD w miodach (pole A zwiększenie, a pola B i C zmniejszenie). Stosując odpowiedni rodzaj pola magnetycznego, modyfikowano aktywność enzymatyczną miodów. Wskazano na możliwość wykorzystania pola magnetycznego do przeprowadzania procesu dekrystalizacji miodów. Wykorzystanie analizy FTIR do oceny miodów umożliwiało określenie składu miodów (zawartości cukrów).
EN
Five honeys were treated with static magnetic field (induction 450-80 mT or 130-50 mT) and alternating magnetic field (frequency 50 Hz, induction 30 mT) for 11 h to study the changes of diastase no., content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectra. The mean 5-HMF content (2.41 mg/kg) increased by up to 50% after the treatment. The mean diastase no. (67.59) was changed and the enzymatic activity in honey was also modified. The FTIR analysis showed the structural changes in the honey after the treatment.
7
Content available Profile of fatty acids and spectroscopic characteristics of selected vegetable oils extracted by cold maceration
Kachel M., Matwijczuk A., Przywara A., Kraszkiewicz A., Koszel M.
Agricultural Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 22, No. 1
61--71
EN
Biodiesel has become more attractive material for its properties such as biodegradability, renewability and very low toxicity of its combustion products. A higher quality of this fuel is essential in its potential commercialization. Analytical methods used in biodiesel analysis are constantly refined. The most popular analytical techniques include chromatography and molecular spectroscopy. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is one of the most important methods of spectroscopy. This paper presents the results of studies on selected oils of natural origin using ATR-FTIR infrared absorption spectroscopy. Three types of oils from pumpkin seeds and winter rapeseed were analysed. The main fatty acids were also determined in all the samples.
PL
Biodiesel staje się coraz bardziej atrakcyjnym materiałem ze względu na swoje właściwości takie jak: biodegradowalność, odnawialność oraz bardzo niską toksyczność produktów powstających z jego spalania. Jakość tego paliwa ma również docelowo zasadnicze znaczenie w jego potencjalnej komercjalizacji. Metody analityczne używane w badaniach biodiesla są cały czas udoskonalane. Do najpopularniejszych technik analitycznych zaliczyć należy chromatografię oraz metody spektroskopii molekularnej, a wśród nich spektroskopię w podczerwieni ATR-FTIR. W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wykonanych za pomocą spektroskopii absorpcyjnej w podczerwieni ATR-FTIR wybranych do badań olejów pochodzenia naturalnego, tj. z nasion dyni oraz rzepaku ozimego. We wszystkich próbkach oznaczono także zawartość głównych kwasów tłuszczowych.
8
Zastosowanie techniki ATR-FTIR w analizie ilościowej
Czarnecka K., Kamińska-Bach G.
Farby i Lakiery
|
2012
|
nr 4
8--15
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metody ilościowego oznaczania zawartości octanu butylu i środka powierzchniowo-czynnego w modelowych próbkach techniką ATR-FTIR, stosując metodę dodatku wzorca wewnętrznego i/lub krzywej kalibracyjnej. Podjęto również próbę oznaczania zawartości merów octanu winylu w kopolimerze EVA na podstawie krzywej kalibracyjnej poli(octanu winylu).
EN
This paper presents methods for the quantitative determination of butyl acetate and surfactant in model samples of ATR-FTIR technique, using an internal standard addition method and/or calibration curve. Been conducted to determine the monomer units of vinyl acetate in EVA copolymer based on the calibration curve of poly (vinyl acetate).
9
Content available remote Spectroscopic techniques in the study of human tissues and their components. Part I, IR spectroscopy
Olsztyńska-Janus S., Szymborska-Małek K., Gąsior-Głogowska M., Walski T., Komorowska M., Witkiewicz W., Pezowicz C., Kobielarz M.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|
2012
|
Vol. 14, no. 3
101-115
EN
Among the currently used methods of monitoring human tissues and their components many types of research are distinguished. These include spectroscopic techniques. The advantage of these techniques is the small amount of sample required, the rapid process of recording the spectra, and most importantly in the case of biological samples - preparation of tissues is not required. In this work, vibrational spectroscopy: ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy will be used. Studies are carried out on tissues: tendons, blood vessels, skin, red blood cells and biological components: amino acids, proteins, DNA, plasma, and deposits.
10
Content available remote Spectroscopic techniques in the study of human tissues and their components. Part II, Raman spectroscopy
Olsztyńska-Janus S., Gąsior-Głogowska M., Szymborska-Małek K., Komorowska M., Witkiewicz W., Pezowicz C., Szotek S., Kobielarz M.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|
2012
|
Vol. 14, no. 4
121-133
EN
Among the currently used methods of monitoring human tissues and their components many types of research are distinguished. These include spectroscopic techniques. The advantage of these techniques is the small amount of sample required the rapid process of recording the spectra, and most importantly in the case of biological samples - preparation of tissues is not required. In this work vibrational spectroscopy: ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy will be used. Studies are carried out on tissues: tendons, blood vessels, skin, red blood cells and biological components: amino acids, proteins, DNA, plasma, and deposits.
11
Content available remote Methods of Chemical and Physicochemical Analysis in the Identification of Archaeological and Historical Textiles
Cybulska M., Jedraszek-Bomba A., Kuberski S., Wrzosek H.
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
|
2008
|
Vol. 16, no. 5 (70)
67--73
EN
The main problem hindering proper analysis and documentation of archaeological and historical textiles is the lack of co-operation between scientists dealing with different aspects of these objects – archaeological, artistic, historical and technological. The last one includes the examining of manufacturing methods and analysis of the raw material and dyes used by chemical and physicochemical analysis methods, which is fundamental for proper identification of the object,as well a sits originand dating.The methods include:SEM,ICP, ATR/FTIR and AAS for determination of the raw material and other components of the object, the archaeological environment, analysis of the biodeterioration of archaeological textiles, as well as HPLC for analysis of the colour. This paper presents the methods and exemplary results of research conducted by the authors at the Technical University of Lodz, involving the analysing of archaeological textiles from the area of Poland and historical textiles from the collections of Polish museums.
PL
Głównym problem w analizie i dokumentacji tekstyliów zabytkowych i archeologicznych jest brak współpracy pomiędzy naukowcami zajmującymi się różnymi aspektami tych obiektów archeologicznym, artystycznym, historycznym i technologicznym. Ten ostatni obejmuje badanie metod wytwarzania oraz surowca i barwników za pomocą metod analizy chemicznej i fizykochemicznej, stanowiąc podstawę właściwej identyfikacji obiektu, jego pochodzenia i datowania. Metody obejmują SEM, ICP, ATR/FTIR i AAS w celu identyfikacji surowca i innych komponentów tekstyliów oraz środowiska archeologicznego, a także w badaniach nad biodeterioracją tekstyliów, oraz HPLC w celu identyfikacji koloru. Praca prezentuje te metody oraz przykładowe wyniki badań prowadzonych przez autorów na Politechnice Łódzkiej nad tekstyliami archeologicznymi z obszarów Polski oraz zabytkami tekstylnymi z kolekcji polskich muzeów.
12
Content available remote Usefulness of spectroscopy for biomedical engineering
Olsztyńska-Janus S., Szymborska K., Komorowska M., Lipiński J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|
2008
|
Vol. 10, nr 3
45-49
EN
Modifications of phenylalanine amino acid after its exposure to near-infrared (NIR) radiation have been investigated using ATRFTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The process of amino acid aggregation after its exposure to NIR has been observed. A possible mechanism of amino acid dimer formation has been proposed with the help of theoretical calculations of quantum mechanics (MP2 and B3LYP/6–31 G* level) using the GAUSSIAN 03 package. The usefulness of spectroscopy for biomedical engineering is discussed. ATR-FTIR appears to be a powerful tool for measuring tissue damage in aqueous environments.
13
Content available remote Studies on woollen threads from historical tapestries
Odlyha M., Theodorakopoulos C., Campana R.
Autex Research Journal
|
2007
|
Vol. 7, no. 1
9--18
EN
Fourier transform (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and second derivative spectroscopy has been used for the first time to evaluate the state of degradation in historical woollen threads from the collections of Flemish tapestries (15th-17th centuries) in the Royal Palace, Madrid, Hampton Court Palace, and museums in Brussels. The work was performed as part of the EC-funded project "Monitoring of Damage in Historic Tapestries", also known as the MODHT project [1]. The overall aim was to develop procedures for recognising tapestries at risk and provide analysis for informing collection care. Prior to the testing of the historical threads, model tapestries were prepared according to traditional techniques of weaving and dyeing. They were then subjected to accelerated light ageing. This paper reports on the part of the MODHT project in which ATR-FTIR was used. It was selected since it is a non-destructive method, and also because it has previously been used to study the oxidation products of cystine in wool and to provide a semi-quantitative assessment of change [2]. Evaluation was conducted on the model tapestries, and the cysteic acid peak was selected as the marker for change, as it showed a systematic change with light ageing. The same marker was used to assess the change in historical threads.
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