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1
Content available ATD and DSC Analysis of IN-713C and ZhS6U-VI Superalloys
Binczyk F., Cwajna J., Gradoń P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 17, iss. 1
13--16
EN
Paper presents the results of ATD and DSC analysis of two superalloys used in casting of aircraft engine parts. The main aim of the research was to obtain the solidification parameters, especially Tsol and Tliq, knowledge of which is important for proper selection of casting and heat treatment parameters. Assessment of the metallurgical quality (presence of impurities) of the feed ingots is also a very important step in production of castings. It was found that some of the feed ingots delivered by the superalloy producers are contaminated by oxides located in shrinkage defects. The ATD analysis allows for quite precise interpretation of first stages of solidification at which solid phases with low values of latent heat of solidification are formed from the liquid. Using DSC analysis it is possible to measure precisely the heat values accompanying the phase changes during cooling and heating which, with knowledge of phase composition, permits to calculate the enthalpy of formation of specific phases like γ or γ′.
2
Content available Impact of Various Types of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of the EN AC-AlSi6Cu4 Alloy
Jarco A., Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 15, iss. 2 spec.
35--38
EN
The Al-Si-Cu alloys with content of the copper from 2 to 4 percent, after solutioning and artificial ageing treatments (T6 heat treatment), feature high strength and very high hardness, however their elongation is considerably reduced. Maintaining value of elongation on the level of initial alloy is possible due to homogenizing treatment performed prior the T6 treatment. Performed strength tests of the initial alloy and the alloy after individual types of the heat treatment enable comparison of obtained results and assessment of usability of the investigated alloy to production of a castings. Test pieces to the strength tests were poured in standardized metal moulds. Parameters of the heat treatment, temperature and duration of heating were established on base of the literature and the ATD diagram performed for the investigated alloy. Investigated EN AC-AlSi6Cu4 alloy after homogenizing treatment becomes plastic, its elongation A5 and its impact strength KC increase nearly three times, with slight decrease of the tensile strength Rm. Dispersion hardening in connection with the homogenizing treatment results in increase of the tensile strength Rm with 68%, hardness and impact strength with 40% with elongation at level of the alloy without heat treatment. Making suitable selection of various types of the heat treatment it is possible, depending on needs, to control mechanical properties of the alloy.
3
Content available Effect of T6 Treatment Parameters of AlZn10Si7MgCu Alloy on Change of its Hardness and Impact Strength
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.
143--146
EN
Among alloys of non-ferrous metals, aluminum alloys have found the widest application in foundry industry as a competitive alternative of ferroalloys. One from methods to improve mechanical properties of aluminum alloys is a heat treatment consisting in heating a material to solutioning temperature, keeping the material in such temperature, and subsequent rapid cooling and natural or artificial ageing. In the paper are presented test results concerning effects of the T6 heat treatment, comprising solutioning and artificial ageing, on hardness and impact strength of the AlZn10Si7MgCu alloy poured into metal moulds. Temperature ranges of solutioning and ageing treatments were selected on the base of recorded curves from the ATD method. Basing on three-stage plan of the investigations with four variables one determined range of the heat treatment parameters, what is a condition of obtainment of required HB hardness of the investigated alloy. Further investigations shall concern correction of obtained results with respect to the HB hardness and impact strength, obtained for selected castings of machinery components.
4
Content available Registration of melting and crystallization process of ultra-light weight MgLi12,5 alloy with use of ATND method
Białobrzeski A., Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 2
143-146
EN
To the main advantages of magnesium alloys belongs their low density, and just because of such property the alloys are used in aviation and rocket structures, and in all other applications, where mass of products have significant importance for conditions of their operation. To additional advantages of the magnesium alloys belongs good corrosion resistance, par with or even surpassing aluminum alloys. Magnesium is the lightest of all the engineering metals, having a density of 1.74 g/cm3. It is 35% lighter than aluminum (2.7 g/cm3) and over four times lighter than steel (7.86 g/cm3). The Mg-Li alloys belong to a light-weight metallic structural materials having mass density of 1.35-1.65 g/cm3, what means they are two times lighter than aluminum alloys. Such value of mass density means that density of these alloys is comparable with density of plastics used as structural materials, and therefore Mg-Li alloys belong to the lightest of all metal alloys. In the present paper are discussed melting and crystallization processes of ultra-light weight MgLi12,5 alloys recorded with use of ATND methods. Investigated magnesium alloy was produced in Krakow Foundry Research Institute on experimental stand to melting and casting of ultra-light weight alloys. Obtained test results in form of recorded curves from ATND methods have enabled determination of characteristic temperatures of phase transitions of the investigated alloy.
5
Content available Heat treatment of AlZn10Si7MgCu alloy and its effect on change of mechanical properties
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 2
135-138
EN
The most important parameters which predetermine mechanical properties of a material in aspects of suitability for castings to machinery components are: tensile strength (Rm), elongation (A5, hardness (HB) and impact strength (KCV). Heat treatment of aluminum alloys is performed to increase mechanical properties of the alloys mainly. The paper comprises a testing work concerning effect of heat treatment process consisting of solution heat treatment and natural ageing on mechanical properties and structure of AlZn10Si7MgCu alloy moulded in metal moulds. Investigated alloy was melted in an electric resistance furnace. Run of crystallization was presented with use of thermal-derivative method (ATD). This method was also implemented to determination of heat treatment temperature ranges of the alloy. Performed investigations have enabled determination of heat treatment parameters' range, which conditions suitable mechanical properties of the investigated alloy. Further investigations will be connected with determination of optimal parameters of T6 heat treatment of the investigated alloy and their effect on change of structure and mechanical/technological properties of the investigated alloy.
6
Content available remote Predicting of mechanical properties of EN AB-46000 alloy subjected to dispersion hardening
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 11, iss. 4
103-108
EN
Improvement of silumin properties in range of classic methods involves change of morphology of silicon precipitation through: modification treatment of the alloy, maintaining suitable temperature when superheating and pouring into moulds, as well as perfection of heat treatment processes. Dispersion hardening with holding of the alloy in temperature near to temperature of solidus, consisting in heating of poured specimens up to temperature of solutioning, holding the specimens in such temperature, and next cooling down in cold water (20 0C) and next artificial ageing, what have effect on change of mechanical properties of EN AB-46000 alloy, while selection of suitable parameters of dispersion hardening treatment is a condition of obtainment of positive effects in form of improved mechanical properties. Obtained dependencies enable determination of mechanical properties of the investigated alloy before commencing of solutioning and ageing treatments.
7
Content available remote Effect of T6 heat treatment on tensile strength of EN AB-48000 alloy modified with strontium
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 11, iss. 3
65-68
EN
Among alloys of non-ferrous metals, aluminum alloys have found their broadest application in foundry industry. Silumins are widely used in automotive, aviation and shipbuilding industries; as having specific gravity nearly three times lower than specific gravity of cast iron. The silumins can be characterized by high mechanical properties. To upgrade mechanical properties of a castings made from silumins one makes use of heat treatment, what leads to change of their structure and advantageously affects on mechanical properties of the silumins. In the paper are presented test results concerning effect of dispersion hardening on change of tensile strength of EN AB-48000 silumin modified with strontium. Investigated alloy was melted in electric resistance furnace. Temperature ranges of solution heat treatment and ageing heat treatment were selected on base of curves from ATD method, recorded for refined alloy and for modified alloy. The heat treatment resulted in change of Rm tensile strength, while performed investigations have enabled determination of temperatures and durations of solution heat treatment and ageing heat treatment, which precondition obtainment of the best tensile strength Rm of the investigated alloy.
8
Content available remote Effect of modification and heat treatment operations on impact strength of the EN AC-46000 alloy
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 10, iss. 4
169--172
EN
More and more stringent requirements concerning mechanical and technological properties, which are imposed on materials used to castings of heavy duty machinery components extort implementation of modern selection methods of alloying additives (synthesis of alloys), modifying agents and heat treatment. Obtainment of optimal results, i.e. improvement of mechanical properties of processed alloy as well as its economic aspect are connected with selection of a suitable temperatures and durations of solution heat treatment and ageing operations. In the paper is present an effect of modification and heat treatment processes on KCV impact strength of the EN AC-46000 alloy. Investigated alloy underwent typical treatments of refining and modification, and next heat treatment. Temperatures’ range for heat treatment operations was evaluated with used of the ATD method. Obtained results concern registered curves of melting and solidification with use of the ATD method and the impact strength. On base of performed tests one has determined a range of heat treatment parameters which create conditions to suitable impact strength of the EN AC-46000 alloy.
9
Content available remote Selection of heat treatments temperature of AlSi13Cu2Fe silumin on base of ATD method
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 3s
89--92
EN
Nowadays tendency connected with reduction of design structures’ mass effects in growing significance of usage of silumins, which are the most widespread alloys of aluminum. Mechanical and technological properties of machine parts manufactured from Al-Si alloys are determined by their structure. In case of cast parts, structure of alloy is a derivative of properly performed process of melting and pouring, as well as design of the casting and mould. Mechanical properties of alloys destined to machine parts made in casting process can be upgraded by modification. Possible heat treatment performed for a cast products effects in further improvement of their mechanical properties, based on precipitation processes. Selection of proper parameters of heat treatment process impacts directly on reduction of production costs of the castings. The paper presents an attempt of implementation of ATD method to determination of solution heat treatment and ageing treatment of AK132 silumin. Obtained results concern registered curves of ATD method, strength tests and determination of an effect of heat treatment temperatures on Rm tensile strength of modified AK132 silumin. On base of preliminary tests results there was determined an impact of temperature changes of solution heat treatment and ageing treatment on Rm tensile strength of AK132 silumin.
10
Content available remote Determination of impact strength of AK9 silumin on base of ATND method
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.
269--272
EN
In order to obtain the best possible materials structure for a given requirements, taking full advantage of knowledge on theories of crystallization to control of technological processes becomes a substantial factor during production of castings. Knowledge on run of the processes is a source of information for development of technology to preparation of liquid metal and to control of preparation of alloys within industry. A method of Thermal-Voltage-Derivative Analysis (ATND), developed in the Faculty of Chipless Forming Technology enables registration of temperature and voltage curves, on which one can observe a thermal and voltage effects being result of crystallization of phases and eutectic mixtures seen on these curves in form of characteristic “peaks”. Temperature value read offs for these characteristic points become a basis to regression analysis aimed at obtaining a mathematical dependences illustrating effect of changes of these values on change of impact strength of AK9 alloy. The paper presents crystallization curves of the investigated alloy registered with use of the ATND method and shows results of regression analysis aimed at determination of correlation between values of characteristic points on crystallization curve (ATND method) and KCV impact strength of the investigated alloy. It has enabled to describe significantly by equation, estimated impact strength of AK9 alloy, basing on characteristic points of the ATND method in laboratory conditions at significance level of [...] = 0,05.
PL
Istotnym czynnikiem w produkcji odlewów staje się wykorzystanie teorii procesów krystalizacji do sterowania procesami technologicznymi, w celu uzyskania najlepszej struktury materiału dla konkretnych wymagań. Znajomość przebiegu tych procesów jest źródłem informacji dla rozwoju przygotowania ciekłego metalu oraz kontroli przygotowania stopów w przemyśle. Metoda Analizy Termiczno-Napięciowo-Derywacyjnej opracowana w Zakładzie Technologii Bezwiórowych pozwala na rejestracje krzywych temperaturowych i napięciowych, na których można zaobserwować efekty cieplne i napięciowe będące skutkiem krystalizacji faz i eutektyk, występujące na tych krzywych w formie charakterystycznych „pików”. Wartości temperatury i napięcia odczytane dla tych punktów charakterystycznych stają się podstawą do podjęcia analizy regresji dla uzyskania zależności matematycznych przedstawiających wpływ zmian ich wielkości na zmianę udarności stopu AK9. W artykule przedstawiono zarejestrowane krzywe krystalizacji badanego stopu za pomocą metody ATND oraz wykorzystano analizę regresji w celu ustalenia korelacji pomiędzy wartościami punktów charakterystycznych z krzywych krystalizacji (metoda ATND) i udarnością KCV badanego stopu. Pozwoliło to na opisanie w sposób istotny równaniem szacującym udarność stopu AK9 na podstawie punktów charakterystycznych metody ATND w warunkach doświadczalnych przy poziomie istotności [...] = 0,05.
11
Content available remote Registration of crystallization process of ultra-lightweight Mg-Li alloys with use of ATND method
Białobrzeski A., Pezda J., Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2007
|
Vol. 7, iss. 3
17-20
EN
Magnesium alloys are characterized by advantageous ratio of strength and/or elastic modulus to density, that is, can sustain static and dynamic loads similar to iron and aluminium, and additionally feature good vibration damping. Castings from magnesium alloys are lighter with about 20 - 30% than aluminium alloys and with 50 – 75% than iron alloys, that is why they are used in aviation and rocket industry and everywhere the weight of a product is of important significance for conditions of its operation. Also automotive industry introduces to vehicle’s structure an elements (castings) manufactured from such alloys. On metallic matrix of magnesium alloys with lithium are also manufactured a composites reinforced with e.g. ceramic fiber, which are used as lightweight and resistant structure materials. The paper presents an attempt of implementation of ATND method (Thermal-Voltage-Derivative Analysis) to monitoring of crystallization process of ultra-lightweight Mg-Li alloys. Investigated magnesium alloys with contents of about 2,3% Li, 10% Li and 11 % Li were produced in the Foundry Research Institute. Registration of melting and crystallization processes was made with use of the ATND method. Results of preliminary tests are shown in graphical form.
12
Content available remote Impact of modification and heat treatment on mechanical properties of AK132 silumin
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2007
|
Vol. 7, iss. 3
117-122
EN
Crystallization processes of alloys determine structure of castings and the same their utility properties. Knowledge about run of the processes is a source of information for development of technology to preparation of liquid metal and to control of preparation of the alloys within in industry. Hence, making use of crystallization processes theory to control of the technological processes aimed at obtaining the best possible structure of the material for a given requirements becomes important factor in production of castings. The paper discusses an impact of the modification process and heat treatment on mechanical properties of AK132 (AlSi12Cu2Fe) alloy. Investigated alloy was melted in electric resistance furnace. Run of the crystallization process has been presented with use of thermal-voltage-derivative analysis (ATND). That method was also implemented to determination of temperature range of heat treatment operations of the alloy. Obtained results concern registered solidification curves from the ATND method, luminous microscopy, strength tests and observation of fracture�fs surfaces of the tested alloy after static tensile test. For approximately eutectic AK132 silumin there were obtained advantageous changes of mechanical properties of the alloy caused mainly by refining of [alpha]+Si eutectic mixture, present in not-modified alloy in lamellar form. The changes are also reflected in course of the crystallization process and morphology of fracture surface after static tensile test. Performed heat treatment of AK132 silumin, consisting on hyper quenching and ageing has enabled to obtain positive result connected with additional implementation of ATND method, which registers melting (heating) processes of the alloy, to determination of heat treatment temperatures. On base of performed tests of heat-treated alloy one has specified the range of parameters, which determine obtaining the best possible mechanical properties. The research was performed in laboratory conditions, and therefore requires verification in industry conditions.
13
Content available remote Identification of AG10 alloy's mechanical properties on base of ATND method
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2007
|
Vol. 7, iss. 1
135-138
EN
Knowledge about run of crystallization process of alloys constitutes a source of information on development of a new technology to prepare liquid metal and to control of preparation process of alloys within industry. Complicated shapes and big differences in wall thickness of castings made from Al-Mg alloy and their behavior under changing loads require elaboration and implementation of a methods enabling determination of mechanical properties of the alloys on preparation stage before casting process. The paper presents application of simultaneous ATND method (thermal-voltage derivative analysis) in determination of mechanical properties of AG10 alloy. Investigated alloy was melted in electric resistance furnace, and next, one has performed registration of crystallization with use of ATND method and regression analysis aimed at elaboration of equations to determine mechanical properties of the investigated alloy. Obtained mathematical dependencies enable prompt check of the mechanical properties of the alloy as early as in stage of its preparation. The research performed in laboratory conditions needs verification in industry conditions with targeted production of automated control stand.
14
Content available remote Crystallization analysis of AlSi7Mg (AK 7) alloy with use of "ATND" method
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2007
|
Vol. 7, iss. 4
25-28
EN
The paper presents results of non-ferrous metal crystallization research with use of ATND method. The research was carried out in the Faculty of Chipless Forming Technology, University of Bielsko-Biała. The new method of analysis of non-ferrous metals alloy crystallization assures complete picture of generated structural components of the alloy. Structural components defined in the tested alloy using ATND method have been verified by X-ray microanalysis, which unambiguously has confirmed their presence. Below are presented results of the crystallization analysis with ATND method in graphic form (crystallization diagrams). In crystallization diagrams of AK7 alloy there were shown curves (thermal curve with its derivative, voltage curve and its derivative). Individual structural components crystallizing in the tested alloy are reflected on curves of the method in form of characteristic peaks. The research was carried out on AK7 aluminum cast alloy. Moreover, the paper shows the structures of the tested alloy together with marked structural components, identified with use of X-ray microanalysis.
15
Content available remote Crystallization analysis of AlMg (AG 10) alloy with use of ATND method
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2007
|
Vol. 7, iss. 1
61-64
EN
The paper presents results of non-ferrous metal crystallization research with use of ATND method. The research was carried out in the Faculty of Chipless Forming Technology, University of Bielsko-Biała. The new method of analysis of non-ferrous metals alloy crystallization assures complete picture of generated structural components of the alloy. Structural components defined in the tested alloy using ATND method have been verified by X-ray microanalysis, which unambiguously has confirmed their presence. Below are presented results of the crystallization analysis with ATND method in graphic form (crystallization diagrams). In crystallization diagrams of AG10 alloy there were shown curves (thermal curve with its derivative, voltage curve and its derivative). Individual structural components crystallizing in the tested alloy are reflected on curves of the method in form of characteristic peaks. The research was carried out on AG10 aluminum-magnesium cast alloy. Moreover, the paper shows the structures of the tested alloy together with marked structural components, identified with use of X-ray microanalysis.
16
Content available remote Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie stopu AG10 określana metodą ATND
Pezda J.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 18/1
197--202
PL
W artykule przedstawiono próbę zastosowania jednoczesnej metody Analizy Termiczno-Napięciowo Derywacyjnej do określenia wytrzymałości na rozciąganie Rm stopu AG10. Badany stop topiono w elektrycznym piecu oporowym. Następnie przeprowadzono rejestrację krystalizacji metodą ATND oraz analizę regresji dla uzyskania równania do określania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie Rm.
EN
The evaluation test of mechanical properties of the AG10 have been described in this paper. The characteristics points obtained from the solidification curves and from the voltage curves, as well from their derivatives have been determined on the state of the solidification and crystallization curves using the metode simultaneous recording ATND.
17
Content available remote Szacowanie kosztów zapewnienia jakości stopów z wykorzystaniem systemu "Arena"
Pisarek B.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 19
267-276
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wykorzystanie programu ARENA do symulacji procesu produkcyjnego, przykładowo wytapiania i odlewania staliwa, monitorowanego autorskim programem komputerowym pod względem zgodności z wymaganiami technologicznymi. Na podstawie danych z symulacji określono wartość odpowiednich składników kosztów jakości i kosztów międzywydziałowych związanych z usuwaniem niezgodności z technologią przygotowanego staliwa.
EN
It present use of ARENA for simulation of production system for example of melting and casting of cast steel, in respect of acceptability status monitored technological method of thermal and derivative analysis with author software. Value of component of costs of proper quality define of base from simulation data and with deletion of incompatibility with technology prepared interdepartment costs of cast steel.
18
Content available remote Rejestracja krystalizacji odlewniczego stopu AG51 (AlMg5Si1) metodą „ATND”
Ciućka T.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 18/1
191--196
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania nowej metody ATND do badań krystalizacji stopów metali nieżelaznych. Badania prowadzono na odlewniczym stopie AG51 (AlMg5Si1).
EN
New ATND technique used to evaluate the phase composition in AlMg5Si1 alloy was presented. The characteristic points were obtained from solidification curves and from milivoltage curves as well as from their derivatives of solidification and crystallization curves with ATND method.
19
Content available remote Krzywe procesu krystalizacji syntetycznego stopu odlewniczego na bazie aluminium (AlCu7Ni5Fe3) metodą "ATND"
Ciućka T.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 19
49-54
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania metody ATND do badań krystalizacji stopów metali nieżelaznych, jak również próby określania powstających składników stopowych. Badania prowadzone były na syntetycznym stopie na bazie aluminium AlCu7Ni5Fe3.
EN
New ATND technique used to evaluate the phase composition in AlCu7Ni5Fe3 alloy was presented. The characteristic points were obtained from solidification curves and from milivoltage curves as well as from their derivatives of solidification and crystallization curves with ATND method.
20
Content available remote Rejestracja procesu krystalizacji syntetycznego stopu AICu7Ni5Fe3 metodą "ATND"
Ciućka T.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2004
|
R. 4, nr 14
120-125
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania nowej metody ATND do badań krystalizacji stopów metali nieżelaznych. Badania prowadzone były na syntetycznym stopie aluminium AICu7Ni5Fe3.
EN
New ATND technique used to evaluate the phase composition in AICu7Ni5Fe3 alloy was presented. The characteristic points were obtained from solidification curves and from milivoltage curves as well as from their derivatives of solidification and crystallization curves with ATND method.
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