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1

Minimizing Delay Using Dynamic Blocking Expanding Ring Search Technique for Ad Hoc Networks

Mhatre Kavita, Khot Uday

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2020

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Vol. 66, No. 4

723--728

EN

Energy and latency are the significant Quality of Service parameters of ad hoc networks. Lower latency and limited energy expenditure of nodes in the ad hoc network contributes to a prolonged lifetime of the network. Reactive protocols determine the route to the destination using a route discovery process which results in increased delay and increased energy expenditure. This paper proposes a new technique of route discovery, Dynamic Blocking Expanded Ring Search (DBERS) which minimizes time delay and energy required for route discovery process. DBERS reduces energy expenditure and time delay occurring in the existing route discovery techniques of reactive protocols. The performance of DBERS is simulated with various network topologies by considering a different number of hop lengths. The analytical results of DBERS are validated through conduction of extensive experiments by simulations that consider topologies with varying hop lengths. The analytical and simulated results of DBERS are evaluated and compared with widely used route discovery techniques such as BERS, BERS+. The comparison of results demonstrates that DBERS provides substantial improvement in time efficiency and also minimizes energy consumption.

2

Analysis and assessment of power consumption for routing protocols in MANET

Muhammad H. A., Yahiya T. A.

Studia Informatica

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2018

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Vol. 39, nr 1

15--23

EN

Recently, the lack of independent wireless networks deployment was the main reason not only loosing victims but also diminution of the performance of security forces and first aids services during natural disasters and wars. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is the technology of choice used in such critical situations where the infrastructure of wireless networks fails to work. MANET relies on its nodes to forward and route packets that gives it a characteristic of an independent network. The independence here means that the network relies on its battery power to achieve its routing. In this research work, we study two types of MANET protocols belonging to different kinds of routing protocol categories: namely reactive protocol and proactive protocol in terms of power consumption. More specifically, we are interested on the Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance-Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols to investigate how much power they consume at different layers, operation modes, routing overhead and MAC load. In order to achieve the goal of performance study, we choose some scenarios that can be adapted to different MANET contexts: such scenarios carried out when network area size, network density, pause time and mobile node speed are changing. Extensive simulations and results for these scenarios obtained by NS2 simulation software.

3

Ocena możliwości zastosowania protokułu OLSR w sieciach sensorowych rozwijanych w terenie zurbanizowanym

Kraśniewski A., Romanik J., Golan E.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2017

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nr 6

548--551, CD

PL

W artykule oceniono możliwość zastosowania protokołu OLSR w sieciach sensorowych rozwijanych w terenie zurbanizowanym. Ocenę przeprowadzono na podstawie wyników badań symulacyjnych. Scenariusz badawczy zakładał, że w terenie miejskim poruszają się mobilne platformy z zamontowanymi czujnikami. Porównano efektywność sieci (strata i opóźnienie pakietów oraz narzut) z protokołem AODV i OLSR ze standardowymi i zmodyfikowanymi parametrami. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły możliwość zastosowania protokołu OLSR w takim scenariuszu.

EN

This paper presents the efficiency evaluation of the OLSR protocol for sensor networks in urban areas. Simulation experiments were conducted to compare results for the OLSR with the standard and adjusted parameters and with the AODV protocol. The scenario assumed that mobile platforms carrying sensors were moving in the urban environment. The following metrics were used for the evaluation: PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), packet delay, routing overhead. Results confirmed that adjusted OLSR outperforms AODV and standard OLSR.

4

An Intrinsic Study on Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Sangeetha A., Rajendran T.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2017

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Vol. 10

77--82

EN

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) are becoming an emanating technology among mobile devices. It is a structure less network of independent collection of wireless mobile nodes [Smart phones, Laptops, iPads, PDAs, Sensors etc.] connected by wireless links. Routing in Ad-hoc networks is challenging due to mobility of nodes and dynamically changing topology. The primary objective of the routing protocols is to establish an optimal and efficient route between the communicating nodes. Due to different network environments like varying number of nodes, speed, network load, it is difficult to figure out which routing protocol may perform well. This study investigates the performance and behavior of MANET routing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, NCPR and ZRP with a special focus on their comparison, functionality and issues. In this review, we analyzed about the protocols based on various quantitative parameters such as average throughput, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead and average end to end delay.

5

Opportunistic routing using prioritized forwarders with retransmission control

Yamazaki T., Yamamoto R., Miyoshi T., Asaka T., Tanaka Y.

Image Processing & Communications

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2016

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Vol. 21, no. 1

55--64

EN

In ad hoc networks, broadcastbased forwarding protocols called opportunistic routing have been proposed. In general backoff-based opportunistic routing protocols, each receiver autonomously makes a forwarding decision using a random back off time based on logical distance. However, each potential forwarder must wait for the expiration of the backoff timer before the packet forwarding. Moreover, they cannot gain forwarding path diversityinsparseenvironments. Inthispaper,we propose a novel forwarder selection method for opportunistic routing. In the proposed method, a terminal called, a prioritized forwarder, and which is selected from among neighbours and can forward packets without using the backoff time. In addition, we integrate a hop-by-hop retransmission control in the proposed method, wchich improvesthe packet transmission success rate in sparse environments. We evaluate the proposed method in comparison with the conventional protocols in computer simulations.

6

Performance comparision of different routing protocols with fuzzy inference system in manet

Goswami S, Joardar S, Das C B

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 9, nr 27

149--156

EN

An ad hoc wireless network consists of mobile networks which create an underlying architecture for communication without the help of traditional fixed-position routers. There are different protocols for handling the routing in the mobile environment. Routing protocols used in fixed infrastructure networks cannot be efficiently used for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), so it requires different protocols. The node moves at different speeds in an independent random form, connected by any number of wireless links, where each node is ready to pass or forward both data and control traffic unrelated to its own use ahead (routing) to other nodes in a flexible interdependence of wireless communication in between. In contrast to infrastructure wireless networks, where the communication between network nodes is take place by a special node known as an access point. It is also, in contrast to wired networks in which the routing task is performed by special and specific devices called routers and switches. In this paper, we consider fuzzy inference system, an attempt has been made to present a model using fuzzy logic approach to evaluate and compare three routing protocols i.e. AODV, DSDV and DSR using effective factor of the number of nodes based on 3 outputs of control overhead, delay and PDR (totally fuzzy system with 4 outputs) in order to select one of these two routing protocols properly under different conditions and based on need and goal. To show efficiency and truth of fuzzy system, three protocols have been evaluated equally using NS-2 simulator and attempt has been made to prove efficiency of the designed fuzzy system by comparing results of simulation of fuzzy system and NS-2 software.

7

Research for Improved AODV Algorithm Based on Probability Broadcasting with Percolation Theory

Wang G., Wang S., Liu C., Zhang X.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 7b

372--374

EN

As the MANET topology send so excessive RREQ packets, we propose an improved AODV algorithm based on probability broadcasting with percolation theory, and select the critical threshold of network connectivity as the forwarding probability in the processing in routing discovery of AODV. We retain historical routing information and record the numbers of the remaining hops into the hop counter, making RREQ groups forwarding along to the node of the minimum remaining hops, reducing the overlap coverage of the sending signals among the neighboring nodes.

PL

Zaproponowano ulepszony algorytm AODFV (ad hoc on demand distance vector routing) do topologii MANET. Algorytm uwzględnia prawdopodobieństwo transmisji, teorię perkolacji (teorię przecieku) oraz historię połączeń.