Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Field Measurements and Machine Learning Algorithms to Monitor Water Quality in Lakes Located in Landscape Parks – A Case Study

Walczak Natalia, Walczak Zbigniew, Laks Ireneusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

49--64

EN

One of the greatest threats to many lakes is their accelerated eutrophication resulting from anthropogenic pressure, agricultural intensification, and climate change. A very important element of surface water protection in environmentally conserved areas is the proper monitoring of water quality and detection of potential threats by examining the physicochemical properties of water and performing statistical analyses that enable possible exposure of unfavourable trends. The article presents the analyses of the results of measurements made in three lakes located in the Sierakowski Landscape Park. As part of the measurements, water quality indicators i.e., phosphorus, nitrogen, BOD5 and COD, were determined monthly for a year at the inflows and outflows of the studied lakes. The test results of selected water quality indicators were analysed using machine learning algorithms i.e., PCA and k-means. The conducted tests enabled statistical estimation of changes in water quality indicators in the reservoirs and evaluation of their correlation.

2

Parametric multi-response optimisation of various organic Rankine cycle configurations for geothermal heat source application using Taguchi grey relational analysis

Igbong Dodeye, Obhuo Mafel, Nyong Oku Ekpenyong

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2024

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Vol. 45, no 2

231--246

EN

In this study, statistical methods (Taguchi, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and grey relational analysis (GRA)) are used to evaluate the impact, contribution ratios, and order of importance of parameters on the energy and exergy efficiencies of the simple organic Rankine cycle (SORC) and dual pressure organic Rankine cycle (DORC). The parameters being investigated are the working fluid (A), pinch point temperature difference of the evaporator (B) and condenser (C), degree of superheating (D), evaporator temperature (E), condenser temperature (F), turbine isentropic efficiency (G), pump isentropic efficiency (H), and low-pressure evaporator temperature (J, for DPORC only). Whereas the Taguchi method determines the optimum parameter combination for maximum system performance, ANOVA weighs the influence of individual parameters on the performance of the target function, and GRA optimizes the multi-response characteristic function. The condenser and evaporator temperatures, pinch point temperature difference of the condenser and turbine isentropic efficiency are revealed as the major process parameters for multi-response performance characteristics of SORC, with an influence factor of 44.79%, 20.96%, 14.81% and 10.69%, respectively. While considering three different working fluids: HFE7000 (1), R245fa (2), and R141b (3), the combination A3B2C1D1E3F1G3H3 is determined as the optimum operating condition for multi-response performance characteristic of SORC with first- (energy) and second- (exergy) law efficiencies calculated as 18.64% and 51.69%, respectively. For DPORC, the turbine isentropic efficiency, condenser temperature, and pinch point temperature difference of the condenser and evaporator are the main process parameters for multi-response performance with 41.90%, 17.80%, 14.75%, and 10.47% impact factors, respectively. The best operating condition is obtained as A1B1C1D3E2F1G3H3J2 with first- and second-law efficiencies computed as 13.17% and 57.33%, respectively.

3

Analysis of fillet weld leg length in a low-carbon steel

Ghazvinloo H.R.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 125, nr 2

58--64

EN

Purpose: The present article analysed the effect of MAG welding parameters (arc voltage-AV, wire feeding speed-WFS, and welding speed-WS) on fillet weld leg length (FWLL) in low-carbon steel S235JR. Design/methodology/approach: In the research, the Taguchi L8 orthogonal array was used to design experiments. The eight experimental experiments were designed based on the Taguchi method, and the average FWLL was measured in each experiment. The analysis of means (ANOM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used to analyse FWLL. Findings: The highest F-value in ANOVA analysis (96.08) confirmed that the welding speed is the most effective parameter on the response (with a per cent contribution of 92.24%), followed by wire feeding speed and arc voltage, with an F-value of 2.82 and 1.25, respectively. Research limitations/implications: The research was focused on MAG welding as a common process used in different industries. Future studies could consider the effect of parameters on fillet weld leg length in other arc welding processes. Due to its many applications in various industries, the low-carbon steel S235JR plate was chosen as the base material, while other steels can be used for future studies. Practical implications: The findings of the present study have significant practical implications for the welding industry. The design of welding joints is a very important part of the design of metal structures. A weld bead with correct and optimal sizes is desirable and accepted in the design of metal structures. The findings of the present study can be used in the optimal design of fillet welds for low-carbon steel. Originality/value: As far as we know, there is relatively little information on the proper balance of fillet weld leg length in low-carbon steels. Therefore, the research results can be used in the appropriate design of welding joints for low-carbon steels.

4

Investigate the Effect of Chemical Post Processing on the Surface Roughness of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Parts

Abdulridha HInd Hadi, Abbas Tahseen Fadhil, Bedan Aqeel Sabree

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 2

47--60

EN

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology is one of the rapidly growing techniques used for producing various complicated configurations without the need for any tools or continuous human intervention. However, a low quality of surfaces results for the layered production used in FDM. It is essential to investigate a suitable method for enhancing the accuracy and quality associated with FDM parts. This study aims to investigate the impact of different parameters such as the percentage of infill density, the shell thickness, layer thickness, and the number of top/bottom layers, as well as the percentage of infill overlap on part quality and the improvement of surface finish for printed specimens achieved through post-processing. Polylactic acid (PLA) material is used in building test specimens through the FDM approach. The experiments are carried out based on the Taguchi design of experiment method using (L25) orthogonal array. Using an analysis-of-variance approach (ANOVA), it is possible to understand the significance of the FDM parameters in order to find optimal parameter combinations. The results indicate that the application of the vapour smoothing procedure (VSP) treatment enhances the surface quality of FDM components to a microstage with minimal dimensional variation. The dichloromethane chemical has been found to exhibit excellent surface finish at an infill density of 50%, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a shell thickness of 2.8 mm, five top/bottom layer numbers, and 0.25 infill overlap.

5

A survey of applications of the Kruskal Wallis test in wind power generation

Mbuli Nhlanhla, Diya Mthobisi

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 4

140--144

EN

The authors present the results of a survey on the use of the Kruskal Wallis test in wind power generation research. An overall assessment of the qualifying publications suggested that they could be categorized into 4 logical application areas. The time series of the annual number of publications indicated a steady trend in the numbers produced annually and most publications were in the category of environmental issues. The survey contributes to the body of knowledge on wind power generation and also creates a depository of references in one source.

PL

e. Autorzy przedstawiają wyniki ankiety dotyczącej wykorzystania testu Kruskala Wallisa w badaniach energetyki wiatrowej. Ogólna ocena kwalifikujących się publikacji sugeruje, że można je podzielić na 4 logiczne obszary zastosowań. Szeregi czasowe rocznej liczby publikacji wskazywały na stały trend w liczbach wydawanych rocznie, a większość publikacji dotyczyła kwestii środowiskowych. Ankieta wzbogaca wiedzę o energetyce wiatrowej, a także tworzy depozyt referencji w jednym źródle.

6

Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of short aramid fiber on thermoplastic polymers

Arı Ali, Bayram Ali, Karahan Mehmet, Arslan Orhun

Materials Science Poland

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2023

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Vol. 41, No. 1

161--176

EN

This study investigated the mechanical performance of short aramid fiber on polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide 6, and polyamide 12. Extrusion, press molding, and CNC cutting methods were used in the production of composite samples. Tensile, three-point bending, drop weight and hardness tests of the composites were carried out. As the fiber volume fractions increased, the mechanical properties of the composites improved, but the most efficient fiber fractions for each matrix changed. To analyze the performance of the fibers in the matrix on the composites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fractured surfaces as a result of tensile and drop weight tests were examined. As the fiber volume fractions increased, the fiber deformation increased, and as a result, the mechanical performance of the composites was adversely affected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F test were performed using signal/noise values to analyze in detail the effect of experimental parameters on output values. Finally, the results of a regression equation model were compared with the experimental readings. It was found to be in good agreement with the model and the results of the experiment.

7

Analysis of Ring Spun Yarn Wickability Using the Post-Hoc Test

Elkateb Sherien N.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2023

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Vol. 31, no. 1

78--82

EN

Yarn wickability achieves high thermo-physiological comfort. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate yarn wickability and analyze statistically factors affecting yarn wicking performance. Methodology consists of testing wicking height for ring spun yarn produced from three levels of fibre types and twist factors at two levels of doubling. Statistical tools such as ANOVA, T-test and Post-hoc tests analyzed the impacts on wicking heights. Findings showed that the Post-hoc test represented the variation between groups more accurately than ANOVA. Furthermore, a comparison of Bonferroni Alpha with T-test p-values revealed that yarn wicking was significantly affected by interactions of fibre type, doubling, and twist level.

8

COVID-19 detection on chest X-ray images using Homomorphic Transformation and VGG inspired deep convolutional neural network

Shibu George Gerosh, Raj Mishra Pratyush, Sinha Panav, Ranjan Prusty Manas

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 43, no. 1

1--16

EN

COVID-19 had caused the whole world to come to a standstill. The current detection methods are time consuming as well as costly. Using Chest X-rays (CXRs) is a solution to this problem, however, manual examination of CXRs is a cumbersome and difficult process needing specialization in the domain. Most of existing methods used for this application involve the usage of pretrained models such as VGG19, ResNet, DenseNet, Xception, and EfficeintNet which were trained on RGB image datasets. X-rays are fundamentally single channel images, hence using RGB trained model is not appropriate since it increases the operations by involving three channels instead of one. A way of using pretrained model for grayscale images is by replicating the one channel image data to three channel which introduces redundancy and another way is by altering the input layer of pretrained model to take in one channel image data, which comprises the weights in the forward layers that were trained on three channel images which weakens the use of pre-trained weights in a transfer learning approach. A novel approach for identification of COVID-19 using CXRs, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) along with Homomorphic Transformation Filter which is used to process the pixel data in images and extract features from the CXRs is suggested in this paper. These processed images are then provided as input to a VGG inspired deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model which takes one channel image data as input (grayscale images) to categorize CXRs into three class labels, namely, No-Findings, COVID-19, and Pneumonia. Evaluation of the suggested model is done with the help of two publicly available datasets; one to obtain COVID-19 and No-Finding images and the other to obtain Pneumonia CXRs. The dataset comprises 6750 images in total; 2250 images for each class. Results obtained show that the model has achieved 96.56% for multi-class classification and 98.06% accuracy for binary classification using 5-fold stratified cross validation (CV) method. This result is competitive and up to the mark when compared with the performance shown by existing approaches for COVID-19 classification.

9

Multi-Response Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining of 17-4 PH SS Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis

Gerçekcioğlu Eyyup, Albaşkara Mehmed

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 3

861--868

EN

Multiple response optimization of the machining of 17-4 PH stainless steel material, which is difficult to process with traditional methods, with EDM was made by Taguchi-based grey relational analysis method. Surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and electrode wear rate (EWR) were the responses, while current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and voltage were chosen as process parameters. According to the multi-response optimization, the experiment level that gave the best result was A1B2C2D2. optimum machining outputs were found as A1B3C1D1 using the Taguchi method. As a result of the Taguchi analysis and ANOVA, it was determined that the significant parameters according to multiple performance characteristics were current (56.22%) and voltage (22.40%). The surfaces of the best GRG and optimal sample were examined with XRD, SEM and EDX analysis and the effects on the surfaces were compared.

10

Evolution and Characterization of Zirconium 702 alloy at various temperatures

Lade Jayahari, Dharavath Baloji, Badrish Anand, Kosaraju Satyanarayana, Singh Swadesh Kumar, Saxena Kuldeep Kumar

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

807--812

EN

The Zirconium 702 alloy effectively used in nuclear industry at various critical conditions like high temperature and high pressure. This survey is an assessment of insights into the mechanical properties of the metal when exposed to different temperatures along the rolling direction.The main objective of this work is to characterize the tensile properties, and fracture study of broken tensile test samples at various temperatures.The tensile samples tested in our current work are 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C temperatures in different directions (0°, 45°, 90°) along with the rolling direction of the sheet. It is evident from the experimental results that temperatures significantly affect material properties. Temperature increases cause % elongation to increase, and strength decreases. ANOVA analysis revealed that temperature significantly influenced ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and yield strength (YS), as well as % elongation.The temperature contribution for UTS, YS, and % elongation is 41.90%, 31.60%, and 77.80% respectively. SEM fractured images showing the ductile type of behavior for all the temperatures.

11

Utilizing of the Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of the Properties of Green Sand Mould

Abdulamer Dheya

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

67--73

EN

A statistical approach was conducted to investigate effect of independent factors of the mixing time compactability and bentonite percentage on dependent variables of permeability, compression and tensile strength of sand mould properties. Using statistical method save time in estimating the dependent variables that affect the moulding properties of green sand and the optimal levels of each factor that produce the desired results. The results yielded indicate that there are variations in the effects of these factors and their interactions on different properties of green sand. The outcomes obtained a range of permeability values, with the highest and lowest numbers being 125 and 84. The sand exhibited high values of tensile and compressive strength measuring at 0.33N/cm2 and 17.67N/cm2 . Conversely it demonstrated low levels of tensile and compressive strength reaching 0.14N/cm2 and 9.32N/cm2 . These results suggest that the moulding factors and their interactions have an important role in determining properties of the green sand. ANOVA was used to assess effect of various factors on different properties of the green sand. The results obtained suggest that compactability factor play a significant effect on permeability, the mixing time or bentonite factor has a significant effect on the compressive strength and mixing time or compactability factor has a significant impact on the tensile strength with a significance level lower than 5%. It is found that neither the mixing time nor the amount of bentonite used in the green sand mix has a significant impact on its permeability. Compactability of the green sand does not has a significant effect on the compressive strength. Bentonite used in green sand mix does not have a significant impact on its tensile strength.

12

Influence of input parameters on the coefficient of friction during incremental sheet forming of grade 5 titanium alloy

Szpunar Marcin, Szawara Paulina, Myśliwiec Piotr, Ostrowski Robert

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 40, nr 1

113-123

EN

This research paper focuses on investigating the influence of input parameters on the coefficient of friction (COF) during incremental sheet forming (ISF) of grade 5 titanium sheets. Titanium alloys are widely used in various industries due to their corrosion resistance and strength to weight ratio. ISF is a flexible and cost effective process for producing complex shapes. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the frictional conditions during ISF that affect formability, surface quality, and overall process performance. The experiments were carried out using a combination of MoS2 lubrication and friction stir rotation-assisted heating. COF was measured using a high precision piezoelectric dynamometer, taking into account axial and horizontal forces. A split-plot design was used and 25 runs were performed to obtain the COF for each run. The results of the study provide valuable information on the relationship between input parameters and COF, contributing to the understanding of the frictional conditions in the ISF.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł badawczy koncentruje się na badaniu wpływu parametrów wejściowych na współczynnik tarcia podczas przyrostowego formowania blach tytanowych grade 5. Stopy tytanu są szeroko stosowane w różnych gałęziach przemysłu ze względu na ich odporność na korozję i korzystny stosunek wytrzymałości do masy. Kształtowanie przyrostowe to elastyczny i opłacalny proces produkcji elementów o złożonych kształtach. Celem tego badania była analiza warunków tarcia podczas kształtowania przyrostowego, które wpływają na formowalność blachy, jakość powierzchni i ogólną wydajność procesu. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono przy użyciu kombinacji smarowania MoS2 i ogrzewania materiału blachy wspomaganego obrotami narzędzia. Wartość współczynnika tarcia wyznaczono na podstawie składowych siły kształtowania (siły osiowej i sił poziomych), które mierzono za pomocą precyzyjnego dynamometru piezoelektrycznego. Zastosowano plan split-plot i wykonano 25 prób w celu uzyskania wartości współczynnika dla każdej z nich. Wyniki badania dostarczają cennych informacji na temat związku między parametrami wejściowymi a współczynnikiem tarcia, przyczyniając się do zrozumienia warunków tarcia występujących podczas kształtowania przyrostowego.

13

Assessment of the tribological performance of bio-based lubricants using analysis of variance

Szewczyk Marek, Szwajka Krzysztof

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 40, nr 1

31--38

EN

The purpose of this article is to determine the coefficient of friction of a DC04 steel sheet using a specially designed flat-die strip drawing test. Four different bio-based lubricants, edible (sunflower and rape-seed) and non-edible (karanja and moringa) were used in the study. The experiments were carried out for different contact pressure values. The as-received specimens were pre-strained with strains of 7, 14, and 21%. The values of the coefficient of friction as a ratio of the friction force to the normal force were determined. The influence of the viscosity of the lubricant and the contact pressure on the value of the coefficient of friction has been investigated using ANOVA. A tendency to a decrease in the coefficient of friction with increasing contact pressure was observed. Significance results obtained after the ANOVA analysis confirmed the influence of normal pressure and oil viscosity on the value of the coefficient of friction. At the same time, the hypothesis about the influence of the sheet pre-straining on the value of the coefficient of friction was not confirmed by the significant interactions.

PL

Celem artykułu jest wyznaczenie współczynnika tarcia blachy stalowej DC04 za pomocą specjalnego przyrządu do realizacji testu przeciągania pasa blachy. W badaniach wykorzystano cztery różne smary pochodzenia naturalnego: jadalne (oleje słonecznikowy i rzepakowy) oraz niejadalne (karanja i moringa). Eksperymenty przeprowadzono dla różnych wartości nacisku. Próbki w postaci pasów blachy wstępnie odkształcono do wartości 7, 14 i 21%. Wartości współczynnika tarcia wyznaczono jako stosunek siły tarcia do siły normalnej. Wpływ lepkości środka smarnego i nacisku kontaktowego na wartość współczynnika tarcia określono za pomocą analizy ANOVA. Zaobserwowano tendencję do zmniejszania się współczynnika tarcia wraz ze wzrostem nacisku. Wyniki istotności otrzymane po przeprowadzonej analizie ANOVA, potwierdziły zależność współczynnika tarcia od nacisku normalnego i lepkości oleju, jednocześnie zaprzeczając hipotezę o wpływie odkształcenia wstępnego na wartość współczynnika tarcia oraz możliwość wystąpienia istotnych interakcji.

14

Analysis of the lubrication performance of low-carbon steel sheets in the presence of pressurised lubricant

Trzepieciński Tomasz, Luiz Valmir Dias, Szwajka Krzysztof, Szewczyk Marek, Szpunar Marcin

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 2(76)

64--76

EN

In sheet metal forming processes, friction increases the force parameters of the forming process and produces a deterioration in the quality of the surface of the components. The basic way to reduce the unfavourable impact of friction is to lubricate the sheet metal surface with commercial oils. This article presents the results of experimental studies and analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the friction of DC01 low-carbon steel sheets using a strip drawing test. For these tests, a special device was built containing countersamples with a flat surface made of 145Cr6 steel covered with a protective AlTiN coating. Lubricants of different viscosities were fed into the contact zone under forced pressure. The effect of contact pressure on the value of the coefficient of friction was also determined. The predicted R² of 0.9227 was in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R² of 0.9411 confirming that the ANOVA model was reliable. It was found that increasing the lubricant pressure had a beneficial effect in reducing the value of the coefficient of friction. The higher the contact pressure, the more effectively the pressurised oil reduced the value of the coefficient of friction.

15

A new tooling approach for friction stir welding of thin sheet AA2024-T3 - optimization of welding parameters

Myśliwiec Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2022

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z. 94

37--50

EN

In this study a new ceramics tools with different groove distributions were designed and manufactured in order to enrich technological storage of joining thinwall structures and obtain sound joint with high quality of Alclad AA2024-T3 alloy of 0.5 mm in thickness. Four types of tools were tested, without grooves, with 1, 2 and 6 grooves. The tools are made of two materials. The straight shank is made from tungsten carbide and tool body made from ceramics strengthened with whiskers. The influence of technological parameters on the strength of FSW joints was tested by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. The least durable weld is produced by a tool without grooves. The single and double flute tool produces a good quality weld over a wide range of tool speeds. It has been shown that the grooves on the tool shoulder significantly affect the quality of the obtained FSW joint.

PL

W pracy zaprojektowano i wykonano nowe narzędzia ceramiczne o różnym rozkładzie rowków w celu wzbogacenia technologii łączenia konstrukcji cienkościennych i uzyskania wysokiej jakości połączenia blach ze stopu aluminium AA2024-T3 Alclad o grubości 0,5 mm. Przetestowano cztery typy narzędzi, bez rowków, z 1, 2 i 6 rowkami. Narzędzia wykonano z dwóch materiałów. Część chwytową wykonano z węglika wolframu, a korpus narzędzia z ceramiki wzmocnionej whiskerami. Wpływ parametrów technologicznych na wytrzymałość złączy FSW badano metodami analizy powierzchni odpowiedzi (RSM) oraz analizy wariancji (ANOVA). Najmniej trwałą spoinę wytworzyło narzędzie bez rowków. Narzędzie z pojedynczym i podwójnym rowkiem zapewniło dobrej jakości spoinę w szerokim zakresie prędkości obrotowych narzędzia. Wykazano, że rowki na kołnierzu narzędzia istotnie wpływają na jakość uzyskanego połączenia FSW.

16

Emission rates, ALOHA simulation and Box-Behnken design of accidental releases in butyl acrylate tank - case study

Saloglu Didem, Dertli Halil, Mohammadi Mandana, Mohammadi Mitra

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 4

346--358

EN

The leakage of hazardous compounds in chemical industries has always been one of the factors threatening workers, plants, and the environment. Among them, butyl acrylate is one of the most harmful materials that are widely used in chemical plants. In the present study, a butyl acrylate tank located in a real tank farm in Kocaeli-Turkey was analyzed for the examination of emissions and trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalent explosion model of the vapor cloud. Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) program was used to define threat zones of butyl acrylate leakage based on different scenarios, such as a leakage from the tank without fire, burning as a jet fire, and also burning as a fireball during Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). In addition, since the most important parameters that enhance the effects of explosion and the spread of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are wind speed, filling ratio of the tanks, and temperature, the interaction of these parameters on the threat zones and the highest threat zones of explosions were investigated using the Box-Behnken experimental design and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), respectively. As butyl acrylate, one of the most dangerous chemicals for industrial facilities, and its explosion effects have not been studied so far, it can be safely mentioned that this paper representing the first study in the literature is highly original and novel.

17

Zero Defect Manufacturing Using Digital Numerical Control

Ly Duc Minh, Bilik Peter

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2022

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Vol. 13, No. 3

61--74

EN

This paper proposes the application of the digital numerical control (DNC) technique to connect the smart meter to the inspection system and evaluate the total harmonic distortion (THD) value of power supply voltage in IEEE 519 standard by measuring the system. Experimental design by the Taguchi method is proposed to evaluate the compatibility factors to choose Urethane material as an alternative to SS400 material for roller fabrication at the machining center. Computer vision uses artificial intelligence (AI) technique to identify object iron color in distinguishing black for urethane material and white for SS400 material, color recognition results are evaluated by measuring system, system measurement is locked when the object of identification is white material SS400. Computer vision using AI technology is also used to recognize facial objects and control the layout of machining staff positions according to their respective skills. The results obtained after the study are that the surface scratches in the machining center are reduced from 100% to zero defects and the surface polishing process is eliminated, shortening production lead time, and reducing 2 employees. The total operating cost of the processing line decreased by 5785 USD per year. Minitab 18.0 software uses statistical model analysis, experimental design, and Taguchi technical analysis to evaluate the process and experimentally convert materials for roller production. MATLAB 2022a runs a computer vision model using artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize color objects to classify Urethane and SS400 materials and recognize the faces of people who control employee layout positions according to their respective skills.

18

Optimization of friction stir processing parameters of aluminum alloy reinforced with hybrid nanoparticles using the Taguchi method

Ali Mohammed Sultan, Al Saffar Iman Q.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 4

13--25

EN

This study deals with the selection of optimum parameters for friction stir processing of Al alloy 6061-T6 reinforced with a hybrid nanoparticle (B4C and SiO2) in terms of their effect on the mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance) using Taguchi method. This work was carried out under four parameters each one running in three levels; rotational speeds (800, 1000 and 1200) rpm, travel speeds (10, 20, and 30) mm/min, holes depth (2, 2.5, and 3) mm, and mixing ratio of (SiO2/B4C) nanoparticles (1/1, 1/2, and 1/3), using L9 (34) Taguchi orthogonal array. Tensile strength and microhardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties, in addition to the wear resistance test which is carried out using a pin-on-disk device. The microstructure was examined by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the highest tensile strength (223) MPa at 1200 rpm rotational speed, 30 mm/min traverse speed, 2.5 mm holes depth, and 1/2 (SiO2/B4C) nanoparticles mixing ratio, the highest hardness reached is (155) HV, then decreases in the direction of thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ), and the base material at (1200) rpm rotational speed, (30) mm/min linear speed, a hole depth of (2) mm and (1/3) mixing ratio of (B4C/SiO2) nanoparticles. The wear behavior was of a mild type or an oxidative type at low loads (5 N), which became severe or metallic wear at higher loads (20 N) at fixed sliding time and speed. The (ANOVA) table has been used to determine which parameter is the most significant using MINITAB software.

19

Modeling and optimization of cutting parameters when turning EN-AW-1350 aluminum alloy

Khrouf F., Tebassi H., Yallese M. A., Chaoui K., Haddad A.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 2

124--142

EN

An experimental investigation is carried out to examine the effects of various cutting parameters on the response criteria when turning EN-AW-1350 aluminum alloy under dry cutting conditions. The experiments related to the analysis of the influence of turning parameters on the surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) were carried out according to the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array (313) approach. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to characterizing the main elements affecting response parameters. Finally, the desirability function (DP) was applied for a bi-objective optimization of the machining parameters with the objective of achieving a better surface finish (Ra) and a higher productivity (MRR). The results showed that the cutting speed is the most dominant factor affecting Ra followed by the feed rate and the depth of cut. Moreover, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is found to be more reliable and accurate than its Response Surface methodology (RSM) counterpart in terms of predicting and detecting the non-linearity of the surface roughness and material removal rate mathematical models. ANN provided prediction models with a precision benefit of 8.21% more than those determined by RSM. The latter is easier to use, and provides more information than ANN in terms of the impacts and contributions of the model terms.

20

An investigation of the suspension characteristics of the line model of the vehicle using the Taguchi method

Stojanovic Nadica, Jweeg Muhsin Jaber, Grujic Ivan, Petrovic Miroslav, Muhsen Sami, Abdullah Oday I.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 4

170--178

EN

It can be considered that the suspension system is one of the most important systems in the VEHICLE. Where it is responsible for the stability and balance of the vehicle’s structure on the roads and curves to ensure the comfort of passengers. Also, it absorbs the shocks resulting from the unevenness of the road and prevents it from reaching the wheelhouse. The influence of the suspension constructive parameters in order to obtain the smallest level of displacements of the sprung mass has been investigated. The following control parameters are the stiffness of the sprung, unsprung mass, and the damping of the sprung mass. The parameter which affects most displacements of the sprung mass was determined by applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The investigation was conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and a line model of a quarter of the vehicle was created. It was determined that the stiffness of sprung has the most significant influence on the displacement of the sprung-mass, which further affect the vehicle’s comfort.