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Genome-wide identification and characterisation of ammonium transporter gene family in barley

Tanwar Umesh K., Stolarska Ewelina, Paluch-Lubawa Ewelina, Rudy Elżbieta, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Ewa

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

220--233

EN

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of plants, but excessive use of nitrogen fertiliser in agriculture can result in environmental pollution. As a preferred nitrogen form, ammonium (NH4+) is absorbed from the soil by the plants through ammonium transporters (AMTs). Therefore, it is important to explore AMTs to improve the efficiency of plant N utilisation. Here, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to identify and characterise the AMT genes in barley (HvAMTs), which is a very important cereal crop. A total of seven AMT genes were identified in barley and further divided into two subfamilies (AMT1 and AMT2) based on phylogenetic analysis. All HvAMT genes were distributed on five chromosomes with only one tandem duplication. HvAMTs might play an important role in plant growth, development, and various stress responses, as indicated by cis-regulatory elements, miRNAs, and protein interaction analysis. Further, we analysed the expression pattern of HvAMTs in various developmental plant tissues, which indicated that AMT1 subfamily members might play a major role in the uptake of NH4+ from the soil through the roots in barley. Altogether, these findings might be helpful to improve the barley crop with improved nitrogen use efficiency, which is not only of great significance to the crop but also for land and water as it will reduce N fertiliser pollution in the surrounding ecosystem.

2

Numerical Simulation of Response Characteristics of Audio-magnetotelluric for Gas Hydrate in the Qilian Mountain Permafrost, China

Xiao K., Zou Ch., Yu Ch., Pi J.

Acta Geophysica

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2015

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Vol. 63, no. 5

1368--1404

EN

Audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) method is a kind of frequencydomain sounding technique, which can be applied to gas hydrate prospecting and assessments in the permafrost region due to its high frequency band. Based on the geological conditions of gas hydrate reservoir in the Qilian Mountain permafrost, by establishing high-resistance abnormal model for gas hydrate and carrying out numerical simulation using finite element method (FEM) and nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) method, this paper analyzed the application range of AMT method and the best acquisition parameters setting scheme. When porosity of gas hydrate reservoir is less than 5%, gas hydrate saturation is greater than 70%, occurrence scale is less than 50 m, or bury depth is greater than 500 m, AMT technique cannot identify and delineate the favorable gas hydrate reservoir. Survey line should be more than twice the length of probable occurrence scale, while tripling the length will make the best result. The number of stations should be no less than 6, and 11 stations are optimal. At the high frequency section (10~1000 Hz), there should be no less than 3 frequency points, 4 being the best number.

3

Czynnik ludzki a automatyzacja w zarządzaniu ruchem lotniczym

Markiewicz T. M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 1(82)

45-79

EN

The purpose of the article is to present selected aspects of human factors and automation in the management of air traffic and its impact on the level of safety of flight operations. In the first part of this paper the author examines various definitions and interpretations of the human factor in the general sense and in aviation and air traffic management. Then the role and functions of the human in ATM system and the characteristics of the selected elements of human factors in aviation operations are presented. In particular, these elements are discussed that have a direct impact on the safety of flights: required qualifications of air traffic controllers, human errors, safety culture, situational awareness, teamwork, and the effects of automation. The final part includes key issues of integration of the human factor in the ATM system life cycle. In summary, the author points out that modernization and development of ATM systems result in evolutionary changes to the relationship between teams of human and technical equipment, which are currently two basic and necessary components of these systems.

4

Problem uwzględniania efektów jakościowych w ocenie projektów inwestycyjnych

Włoszczowski B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Łódzka

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1999

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z. 33

53-60

PL

Finansowe metody oceny projektów inwestycyjnych nie są dostosowane do kwantyfikacji trudno wymiernych korzyści pojawiających się w wyniku wprowadzania nowoczesnych metod wytwórczych (AMT). W związku z tym korzyści te są często pomijane w rachunku opłacalności projektów. Ponadto twierdzi się, że metody te wywierają presję na osiąganie przez menedżerów efektów w okresach krótkich, co utrudnia uwzględnianie w rachunku efektów długofalowych. W artykule prezentowana jest metoda, która umożliwia przynajmniej częściowe usunięcie słabości metod finansowych zarówno w przypadku projektów niezależnych, jak i alternatywnych.

EN

The implementation of investment in AMTs causes the appearance of benefits which are susceptible to precise quantification. Financial investment appraisal methods are not adjusted to assess these benefits so they are often omitted. Moreover, financial appraisals are claimed to bring pressure on managers to maximise short-term effects, which makes long-term eflfects difficult to be considered. A method which enables, at least, partial overcoming of these difficulties, in both independent and mutually exclusive projects, is presented.