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The influence of pH adjusted with different acids on the dyeability of polyester fabric

Miljkovic M. M., Djordjevic D. M., Miljkovic V. M., Stamenkovic M., Stepanovic J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2014

Vol. 16, nr 4

1--5

The infl uence of using formic, oxalic, citric, tartaric, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric and phosphoric acid for dyebath pH adjustment was investigated upon the dyeing of polyester fabric with CI Disperse Yellow 60. The positions of colour in CIELab coordinates of the samples dyed with the addition of tested acids were assessed and compared to those dyed with the addition of acetic acid. It was found that the differences in dyeabilities obtained with the addition of citric, oxalic, hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acid are entirely acceptable according to both M&S 83A and CMC (2:1) standards in comparison to the dyeability obtained with the addition of acetic acid.

Technologia otrzymywania 3'-azydo-3'-deoksytymidyny (AZT)

Kulig-Adamiak A., Bełdowicz M., Kamiński J., Lewicka L., Kąkol B., Wiśniewska A., Kazimierczuk Z.

Przemysł Chemiczny

2004

T. 83, nr 11

553-558

Przeprowadzono badania otrzymywania 3'-azydo-3'-deoksytymidyny (AZT) w skali laboratoryjnej (100 g tymidyny) i wielkolaboratoryjnej (1-2 kg tymidyny w jednej szarży). Opracowano uproszczoną technologię otrzymywania AZT, modyfikując w szczególności etapy wydzielania i oczyszczania produktu końcowego. Potwierdzono możliwość uzyskiwania substancji czynnej o wysokiej czystości (>98%). Na podstawie wyników badań zaprojektowano i wybudowano instalację doświadczalno-produkcyjną, w której wykonano próbę wdrożeniową (skala 6 kg tymidyny z 1 szarży).

Routes to AZT were examd. on a 100-g and a 1-2-kg thymidine scale In the well-known route, the stages of AZT isolation and purification were considerably simplified to yield, in a two-step process, a 98+% pure white cryst. AZT meeting the 1997 Eur. Pharmacopoeia requirements. The exptl. data were used to design and construct an exptl. production installation (6 kg thymidine) in which implementation tests were run successfully.

Modelling the spread of AIDS among intravenous drug users including variable infectivity, HIV testing and needle exchange

Greenhalgh D., Lewis F.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

2001

Vol. 2, Part. 1

IP3--IP11

In this article we discuss models of the spread of HIV among intravenous drug users where each infectious user progresses through three distinct phases of HIV infectivity prior to developing AIDS, and where each member of the population is randomly tested for the presence of HIV. We first begin with a brief review and literature survey before outlining the particular problems of modelling the spread of HIV through needle sharing. We then state two models, one which represents a lower bound on the spread of disease and a second an upper bound. We briefly discuss the motivation behind these models before stating an expression for the basic reproductive number. Next we examine the impact of HIV testing in our models using a range of different relative infectivity assumptions. We find that for HIV testing to be an effective control strategy then drug users must be tested regularly for HIV and also substantially reduce the rate at which they share needles once aware of being infected.