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1 2025

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Transformative Advances in PET Imaging: From FDG to Total Body Scanners, Novel Tracers and AI-Driven Precision Medicine

Bharathi Praveen Gurunath, Abbaszadeh Shiva, Moskal Paweł, Alavi Abass

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

2025

Vol. 21, no 1

40--57

Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) has undergone transformative advancements, evolving from a research tool into a cornerstone of precision medicine. Objective: This review highlights key developments in PET imaging, including the introduction of specialized systems such as brain and breast-dedicated scanners, total-body PET, and hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI technologies. Methods: These innovations have significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and patient management across oncology, neurology and cardiology. The emergence of novel radiotracers beyond fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has expanded PET's clinical applications by targeting specific molecular pathways, improving sensitivity and specificity in disease characterization. Notable tracers include those for tumor proliferation, hypoxia and receptor-specific imaging, which facilitate personalized treatment strategies. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized PET imaging by improving image reconstruction, noise reduction, motion correction and lesion segmentation. AI-driven tools enhance diagnostic precision while reducing scan times and radiation exposure, making PET safer and more efficient. Furthermore, AI accelerates radiotracer development by optimizing molecular design and enabling personalized dosimetry planning for theranostic applications. Total-body PET scanners represent a technological milestone, offering unparalleled sensitivity, reduced radiation doses, faster scans, the ability to track systemic diseases comprehensively and to enhance diagnosis by novel imaging biomarkers. These advancements enable earlier disease detection, precise monitoring of treatment efficacy and deeper insights into disease mechanisms. Results: Collectively, these innovations underscore PET's transformative role in advancing precision medicine through early diagnosis, disease monitoring and tailored therapeutic interventions. Conclusions: This review concludes that ongoing technological progress will continue to redefine the capabilities of PET imaging in clinical practice and research.