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Real-time validation of an automatic generation control system considering HPA-ISE with crow search algorithm optimized cascade FOPDN-FOPIDN controller

Babu Naladi Ram, Chiranjeevi Tirumalasetty, Devarapalli Ramesh, Knypiński Łukasz, Garcìa Màrquez Fausto Pedro

Archives of Control Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 2

371--390

EN

This article validates the application of RT-Lab for the AGC studies of three-area systems. All the areas are employed with thermal-DSTS systems. A new controller named cascade FOPDN-FOPPIDN is employed. Its parameters are optimized using a CSA, subjecting to a new PI named HPA-ISE. The responses of the FOPDN-FOPIDN controller are related and are superior over PIDN and TIDN controllers. Moreover, the dominance of HPA-ISE is verified with ISE, and it performs better in terms of system dynamics. Further, the system performance reliability is analyzed with the AC-HVDC and is better than the AC system. Besides, sensitivity analysis recommends that the proposed FOPDN-FOPIDN at diverse conditions is robust and more reliability.

2

A coefficient diagram method based AGC mechanism for an interconnected power system in coordination with UPFC and AC/DC link

Sahani A.K., Shankaro Ravi, Sariki Murali, Mandal Rajib Kumar

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 69, nr 2

287--302

EN

Frequency regulation is in a first line of preference for an interconnected power system. Presence of nonlinearities in the generation systems further raises the complexity level of the problem. In this scenario, this article presents a robust Automatic Generation Control (AGC) mechanism to maintain the frequency and tie-line power of the power system to their nominal values. A Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM) based AGC mechanism including an AC/DC tie-line and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) has been developed and the performance in handling the frequency regulation has been analyzed. The nonlinearities such as Governor Dead-Band (GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) are included in the system to analyze the proposed AGC scheme in a more realistic approach. The AC/DC tie-line and UPFC which are included in the proposed AGC scheme provides an immense strength to handle the active power variation as-well-as frequency regulation. To develop a more effective AGC scheme, the parameters of an AC/DC tie-line and UPFC are optimized by successful implementation of the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA). The justification of the proposed AGC scheme has been carried out through a step by step verification such as justifying the CDM based controller, effectiveness of the proposed scheme and robustness of the system against parameters variation. The CDM based controller has been compared with the conventional controllers to elevate the effectiveness and the supremacy of the proposed AGC scheme has been examined by comparing with previously published work. The design and simulation of the work has been carried out by the MATLAB/Simulink® tool box.

3

Statistical characteristics of signals at the output of a receiver with AGC

Griszin J.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2016

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R. 92, nr 2

29--30

EN

An influence of the automatic gain control (AGC) system of a receiver on the statistical characteristics of the output signal in the presence of noise is investigated. The probability density functions (pdf) of the output signals with different distributions of the input signals are calculated. It is shown that energy losses which arise from AGC operation are about 0.2-5 dB depending on probability of false alarm Pfa and system parameters.

PL

W pracy rozpatrzono wpływ systemu automatycznej regulacji wzmocnienia (ARW) odbiornika na charakterystyki statystyczne sygnałów na wyjściu w obecności szumu. Obliczono gęstości rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa sygnałów wyjściowych dla różnych rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa sygnałów na wejściu. Pokazano że straty energetyczne, które pojawiają się z powodu funkcjonowania systemu ARW wynoszą wielkość rzędu 0.5-5.0 dB w zależności od prawdopodobieństwa fałszywego alarmu Pfa oraz parametrów systemu.

4

Operation of Rapid Start Units in an AGC Area

Egido I., Fernández–Bernal F., Rouco L., Saboya I.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 1a

141-145

EN

Rapid Start units present high generation cost, so they are not usually online, but good dynamic response, so they are very suitable for AGC operation. The startup process of these units is very fast so they can be online and providing regulation within just a few minutes. In this paper a simple algorithm is presented to determine when to start up an offline rapid start unit to provide AGC service. The algorithm is tested using real operation data, with successful results. How to select the most appropriate values for the algorithm parameters is also analyzed in the paper.

PL

Jednostki szybkiego startu są bardzo pożyteczne w systemach AGC (Automatic Generatiun Control). W artykule zaprezentowano algorytm umożliwiający kontrolę optymalnego startu jednostki ze stanu offline. Przeanalizowano działanie algorytmu oraz metodę doboru jego parametrów.

5

Pociągi hybrydowe z Bombardierao napędzie elektryczno-spalinowym na kolejach SNCF

Rabsztyn M.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2007

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R. 13, nr 11

33-35

PL

9.10.2007 r. w mieście Troyes, leżącym w południowo--wschodniej Francji, odbyła się prezentacja pierwszego na świecie pociągu pasażerskiego AGC o napędzie hybrydowym. spalinowo-elektrycznym, produkcji Bombardier Transportation. Pociąg AGC (Autorail Grande Capacite) oznacza zespół trakcyjny o dużej pojemności. Aby utrzymać się w istniejącej skrajni taboru UIC 505-1 i jednocześnie wygospodarować jak najwięcej miejsca dla pasażerów, zespół ma beczkowato wygięte ściany boczne.