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Standaryzacja w zakresie trójwymiarowej informacji przestrzennej

Cisło U.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2007

T. 5, z. 8

187-198

Availability of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for data acquisition, modeling and exchange, gives us opportunity to get integrated and complete description of architectural or geographic three-dimensional spatial information. The third dimension is a standard for spatial objects representation. Dynamic, interactive and web-enabled visualizations are realized more and more often. Interest in third dimension in spatial analysis triggered progress in GIS systems which slowly become usable in complete description of architectural objects (inventory measurements and descriptive, historical data documentation of the object). Thanks to this integration of geometric and descriptive data GIS enables thematic queries and analytical tasks or spatial data mining. However, regardless whether we decide on visualization only or on creating a more advanced object information system, the fundamental issue seems to be general access to that information. Because widespread access to information is regarded as a condition to achieve Information Society, standardization of information becomes of crucial importance. The standardization of information gives us opportunity of public access to data and data exchange between independent software and systems. In this article the concept of standards for encoding three-dimensional spatial information was described. There were discussed foundations of languages mostly used for real-time three-dimensional visualization purposes: VRML, GeoVRML and X3D, successfully used for dynamic and interactive presenting results of 3D object modeling, particularly in the World Wide Web. Also GML and CityGML - modeling languages for geographic systems - were presented. They make it possible not only to visualize objects but also to add descriptive data and make thematic queries as well as analyses.