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Geological Controls on Evolution of Submarine Channels in Song Hong Basin, Offshore Vietnam

Le Anh Ngoc, Nguyen Hoa Minh, Nguyen Muoi Duy, Thi Ngan Bui

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

7--12

EN

Song Hong basin is a very large basin with complicated onshore to offshore geological structure. The basin comprises the pre-Tertiary basement and Kainozoi sequences. This study focused on the evolution of submarine channel in Miocene sequence. The study interval is the major reservoir of the basin characterized as submarine channel complex and lower to Middle Miocene carbonates with the porosity of 15–25%. The channel is highly eroded into the substrate with c. 7 km wide and 20 km long, trending northwest-southeast. They are ‘U’ to ‘V’ shape, sub-parallel to deep faults which reactivated in the Early and Mid-Late Miocene. The channel deposit is characterized by cut and fill architecture and can be seen as high amplitude, bi-directional downlap. The channels are likely to be controlled by the two inverted phases in Late Oligocene and Middle-Late Miocene. The tectonic events are not only controls the flow directions but also modified the shape of the channels. The occurrence of well-developed submarine channel give a great hydrocarbon potential for the Song Hong basin.

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Zalety i ograniczenia systemu Seismobile

Barnaś M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2017

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nr 101

185--194

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zalety i ograniczenia systemu Seismobile zebrane w wyniku wstępnych badań terenowych. Jest to system mobilny przystosowany do wykonywania równocześnie pomiarów sejsmicznych oraz georadarowych. Ta cecha wyróżnia ten system od dotychczas opracowanych strimerów. W pracy przedstawiono metodykę pomiarową systemu Seismobile, obejmującą przygotowanie sprzętu, akwizycję danych oraz wykonanie pomiaru danych sejsmicznych. Na podstawie dotychczasowych testów omówiono zalety systemu Seismobile, do których należy zaliczyć m.in. ograniczenie pracochłonności podczas pomiarów, bezprzewodową komunikację pomiędzy elementami systemu, niezależność modułów pomiarowych od siebie, możliwość zmiany rozstawu w zależności od zadania badawczego, mobilny wzbudnik, możliwość zastosowania dowolnego typu czujników sejsmicznych, zapis danych na powszechnie dostępnych kartach pamięci SDHC, stację dokującą służącą do archiwizowania i ładowania baterii modułów pomiarowych. System Seismobile, podobnie do innych tego typu urządzeń, posiada również różnego rodzaju ograniczenia, głównie o charakterze technicznym. Przygotowanie systemu do pierwszego pomiaru jest czasochłonne i wymaga dość dużego nakładu pracy. Zestawy czujników na metalowych podstawach mogą być niestabilne w trudnych warunkach terenowych, a ich kontakt z ośrodkiem jest słabszy niż w przypadku geofonów wbijanych w grunt. Czas pracy baterii modułów pomiarowych ulega skróceniu z upływem czasu. Mogą też występować problemy z rejestracją poprawnego sygnału GPS w trudnych warunkach terenowych, wykorzystywanego do lokalizacji systemu i synchronizacji czasu pracy jego elementów. Niezależnie od wskazanych ograniczeń wyniki uzyskiwane systemem Seismobile wskazują na jego dużą przydatność w badaniach defektów płytkiego podłoża.

EN

In the article advantages and limitations of the Seismobile system, which were recognized during initial field measurements, were described. This is a mobile system adapted to performing seismic and GPR surveys simultaneously. It is a fundamental attribute which distinguishes this system from streamers that were developed thus far. In the paper measurements methodology of the Seismobile system, containing preparing equipment, data acquisition, and seismic survey performing, was illustrated. Based on previous tests, the advantages of the Seismobile system which included, among others, the limitation of time and labor consumption during surveys, a wireless connection between parts of the system, independence of the measuring modules, possibility of changing offset depending on the research task, the mobile seismic source, possibility of using any type of seismic receiver, saving data on widely available SDHC memory sticks, docking station for archiving and recharging batteries of the measuring modules. The seismobile system, like those kinds of devices, has different types of limitations, mainly technical. Preparing system to the first measurement is time-consuming and requires quite a lot of work. Measuring sets on the metal plates can be unstable in difficult terrains and their contact with the basement is weaker from geophones embedded in the rock mass. The battery life will be shorter in the course of time. In hard conditions, problems with receiving GPS signals, which are used for localization and timing are possible. Regardless of indicated limitations, the results achieved with the Seismobile system are leading for its usefulness in inspections of shallow basement’s faults.

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Sedimentology and diagenesis as ‘hydrocarbon exploration tools’ in the Late Permian Zechstein-2 Carbonate Member (NE Netherlands)

Reijers T. J. A.

Geologos

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2012

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Vol. 18, No. 3

163--195

EN

Hydrocarbon exploration in The Netherlands has a chequered history from serendipitous oil shows via chance oil/gas discoveries to finding the largest continental European oil field in 1943, followed by finding the largest gas field in the world in 1959. The present contribution traces the development of moderate to good porosity/permeability trends in depositional facies of Zechstein Stassfurt carbonates in a ‘gas play’ intermediate in significance between the above two plays but all in the northern part of The Netherlands. Various depositional facies in the Stassfurt carbonates were turned into ‘carbonate fabric units’ by diagenetic processes creating or occluding the porosity/permeability. This formed moderate to good gas reservoirs in barrier-shoal, open-marine shelf and proximal-slope carbonates in the subsurface of the province of Drenthe in the NE Netherlands. The diagenetic models forming these carbonate fabric units are linked to the variety of facies in a depositional model which shows explain and predicts the reservoir trends. Such depositional/diagenetic facies are ‘translated’ into characteristic petrophysical values recognisable on wire line logs in uncored wells, and in characteristic seismic expressions that show these trends in undrilled areas. This approach has been proven to be effective in delineating porosity trends, visualised by 3-D seismic in the Collendoornerveen field, and thus provides a new exploration ‘tool’ in hydrocarbon exploration.