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EN
Despite a sustainable energy future, steam turbines are requisite for the reliability and security of the electric power supply in many countries. Accurate and precise manufacturing of the steam path is crucial to turbine efficiency. Before entering the rotor blades, the steam must be correctly guided using stationary blading in a diaphragm. Steam turbine diaphragms are complicated components to manufacture, and welding is the most common fabrication method. A case study presented in this paper employs data from a 3D optical scanner for a geometric deviation analysis of the upper half of the diaphragm at two production steps, after complete welding and after final machining. Unrolled cylinder cross-sections at different diameters are used to evaluate the blade throat sizes and positions compared to the nominal geometry. The results indicate significant geometric changes between the two fabrication steps, and several suggestions are put forward for targeted future work.
EN
Steam turbine technology with enhanced flexibility will continue to participate in electric power supply mixes. Last stage blades secure the reliability of a steam turbine and require high precision manufacturing and assembly. This case study presents a statistical analysis of geometric errors of the throat sizes of the last stage blades in a mid-size steam turbine. A 3D optical scanner is employed to capture detailed geometries of rotor blades and a half of assembled nozzle diaphragm. Unrolled cylinder cross-sections are used to evaluate 2D geometrical features such as blade throats and areas at three different diameters, and the results are compared to intended designs. In addition, linear correlations between the throat size and blade pitch, area and trailing edge thickness are established, and blade throat position shifts are quantified. Such a comprehensive study is presented for the first time, and some useful conclusions can be retrieved from this case study.
3
Content available remote Skanowanie optyczne stalowych elementów konstrukcyjnych
PL
W artykule opisano budowę przestrzennego modelu teoretycznego podwójnie giętych cienkościennych paneli stalowych, które są stosowane do wznoszenia samonośnych łukowych hal i konstrukcji dachowych. Model ten zbudowano na podstawie przestrzennego skanowania optycznego, który odzwierciedla geometrię elementu. Celem działania jest opracowanie wiarygodnego modelu opisującego złożoną geometrię panelu. Model ten został wykorzystany do numerycznej analizy stateczności lokalnej podwójnie giętego panelu cienkościennego.
EN
The article briefly describes the construction of theoretical model of the doubly corrugated thin-walled steel panels, which are used as a solution for self-supporting arch buildings and roof structures. This model was built based on the 3D optical scanning, which reflects the geometry of the component. The aim is to create a reliable theoretical model with panel’s complex geometry. This model has been used for numerical analysis of local stability of the doubly corrugated thin-walled steel panels.
4
Content available remote Nowoczesne metody używane w budownictwie – skanowanie optyczne 3D
PL
W artykule zwięźle opisano wykorzystanie skanowania optycznego do tworzenia przestrzennego modelu numerycznego podwójnie giętych cienkościennych paneli stalowych, które są stosowane jako rozwiązanie dla samonośnych łukowych hal i konstrukcji dachowych. Przykładem takiego systemu jest system ABM 120. Technologia ta charakteryzuje się łatwym i szybkim montażem konstrukcji. Celem działania jest stworzenia odpowiedniego modelu teoretycznego ujmującego złożoną geometrię panelu. W celu zbadania stateczności lokalnej panele zostały zeskanowane, a następnie otrzymana geometria była wyeksportowana do systemu komputerowego wykorzystującego metodę elementów skończonych. Wyniki obliczeń numerycznych porównano z rezultatami badań laboratoryjnych.
EN
This article describes briefl y the construction of numerical model with aid of 3D optical scanning of doubly corrugated thin-walled steel panels which are used as a solution for arch buildings and roofi ng structures. As an example of such system the ABM MIC 120 prefabrication technology is chosen, where factory on wheels makes cold-formed arch steel buildings or roofs in a very short time period as self-supporting panels. The main problem of such structures lies in the lack of proper theoretical model of the element due to its complex geometry. In order to build numerical model for local stability purposes, samples of panels were scanned and achieved geometries were exported to the fi nite element method software.
EN
The paper presents the results of experimental study – part of research of additive technology using thermoplastics as a build material, namely Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Aim of the study was to identify the relation between basic parameter of the FDM process – model orientation during manufacturing – and a dimensional accuracy and repeatability of obtained products. A set of samples was prepared – they were manufactured with variable process parameters and they were measured using 3D scanner. Significant differences in accuracy of products of the same geometry, but manufactured with different set of process parameters were observed.
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