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2 Wiadomości Chemiczne

2 2019

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Nowotwory kości : nowe możliwości terapeutyczne

Wyszkowska Roksana, Drzeżdżon Joanna, Musiał Claudia, Górska-Ponikowska Magdalena

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2019

[Z] 73, 11-12

701--713

Among bone tumours, Osteosarcoma (OS), Chondrosarcoma (CS) and Fibrosarcoma (FS) are highly metastatic with poor prognostic for survival. Standard procedures as surgery resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy do not lead to full recovery or they do not affect metastasis [1-4]. Nowadays new molecular targets to cure cancer are during clinical trials. Clinical trials for OS are focused on using monoclonal antibody (dinutuximab) [5], immunotherapy (as using GM-CSF with influence on white blood cells) [6] or compounds acting as VEGFR inhibitor or PDGFR inhibitor - to reduce metastasis [7-9]. Clinical trials for CS are targeting the hedgehog pathway, focused on its inhibition [10], inhibition of IDH1/2 (common mutation in CS leading to hypermethylation) [11] or, as in OS treatment, inhibition of metastasis by acting on VEGFR [12]. Beyond new chemotherapy and chemotherapy correlated with radiotherapy [13] clinical trials for FS are targeting gene fusion NTRK acting through inhibition of tropomyosin kinase receptor [14]. This approach to treatment is a novelty on the global scale [15]. Nitric oxide (NO) has many biological functions, e.g.: acting as neurotransmitter, reduced aggregation of platelets, acting as EDRF or reducing the oxidative stress in tumours [16-18]. Due to the dual nature of NO [19] anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effect of NO were observed [20-25]. It could be a new area to find novel anti-cancer compound. One of the molecular targets under the scientists consideration is the activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Górska-Ponikowska et al. [26-28] focused on experiments on OS 143B cells with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) treatment, potentially novel compound playing the role of n-NOS activator. The researchers reported influence of 2-ME on down-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis via direct influence on n-NOS level in OS 143B cells. What is more, L-lactate was indicated as potential molecular marker of anticancer therapy of tumours with metastasis.

Biologia i chemia nowotworu płuca

Musiał Claudia, Zaucha Renata, Kuban-Jankowska Alicja, Kamm Anna, Górska-Ponikowska Magdalena

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2019

[Z] 73, 7-8

505--522

Lung cancer is the most common fatal cancer disease in the world. A characteristic feature of lung cancer is genetic diversity. In the overwhelming majority of cases, smoking is the most important etiopathogenic factor. Lung cancer is a cancer with a very bad prognosis regarding long-term survival. The risk of lung cancer depends primarily on active or passive exposure to the carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke. According to available data, the development of lung cancer in addition to active and passive smoking is directly affected by environmental pollution such as smog and fumes, ionizing radiation, mycotoxins and long-term exposure to asbestos (occupational exposure). Research on the pharmacoprevention of lung cancer began over 30 years ago. The first nutrient that the researchers said could inhibit the development of lung cancer was beta carotene. Unfortunately, long-term regular supplementation with high doses of antioxidant in the form of beta-carotene brought the opposite effect. An increase in the incidence of lung cancer was found in people who received beta carotene in the form of a synthetic food supplement. The other component tested was N-acetylcysteine. It is a sulfur compound and a powerful antioxidant that supports the synthesis of glutathione and cysteine, with destructive effects on carcinogenic substances. N-acetyl-cysteine, used in the form of NAC adduct and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, showed efficacy in inhibiting the development of lung cancer only in animal models. In the pharmacoprevention of lung cancer, the use of vitamin E was also tested in the form of tocotrienol and tocopherol. The following work also shows the existence of a high concentration correlation which belongs to the steroid hormone, mainly estrogen, in the blood and the development of lung cancer in women. An increased risk of lung cancer has been observed in women undergoing long-term hormone replacement therapy. The results show that 2-methoxyestradiol, the endogenous metabolite of 17ß-estradiol, shows positive results that inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell lines. The aim of the work was to present the correlation between tobacco abuse and passive smoking and lung cancer, pharmacoprevention of lung cancer and the association of elevated estrogen concentration in women with an increased risk of lung cancer.