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Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Microbial Communities in Lake Qarun – Egypt

Yosef Mahmoud Mohamed, Elrefy Ali Mohamed, Elfeky Fawzy Ali

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

70--76

EN

Characterization of water quality in Lake Qarun indicated that the water is very poor for irrigation and aquatic life. At the same time, the bacterial community was represented mainly by five bacterial phyla with different proportions: Firmicutes (53%), Proteobacteria (33%), Bacteroidetes (7%), Actinobacteria (5%) and Thermi (1%). Furthermore, metagenomes prediction of bacterial communities using PICRUSt indicated important functional gene families associated with metabolism, environmental information, genetic information processing, and cellular processes. It is worth noting that Benzoate degradation had the highest average relative abundance, followed by aminobenzoate degradation among 18 individual KEGG pathways from xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism which showed higher relative abundance. The obtained data indicate that a different source of pollution in Qarun Lakes has an impact on the bacterial community’s structure, as well as the biota and is expected to cause health problems.

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Evidence of amorphous Ca-phosphate precipitate caused by bio mineralisation in 4-5th CE lime plasters of the previously submerged east coastal monument of Salvankuppam

Singh Manager R., Kumar S. Vinodh, Ganaraj Kuntikana

Mineralogia

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2021

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Vol. 52, iss. 1

19--30

EN

The lime plasters of the excavated monument of Salvankuppam, previously submerged and exposed by the Tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean on 26th December 2004 was studied with different analytical techniques. The temple is dated 4-5th century CE. The XRF, XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM-EDX analysis of the lime plasters evidenced particular occurrence of phosphatised bacterial remains in saline conditions. The formation of amorphous Ca-phosphate by bio mineralization was identified in the plasters by the analyses. The plasters are made of air-lime with coarse aggregates and seashells inclusion as confirmed by the thermal and chemical analysis. The microstructure and morphological investigations of mineralized microbial structures by SEM-EDX indicated the formation of amorphous Ca-phosphate. The unordered and fibrous spherulites have hardened and reduced porosity of the plaster by bio mineralization as observed through MIP analysis. The 16S rRNA sequencing has identified the Pseudomonas strains mainly responsible for the clustering of amorphous Ca-phosphate particles around the bacterial colony.

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Actinobacterial Communities of Chosen Extreme Habitats in China

Jia Pengli, Li Miao, Feng Haiyan, Ma Mutian, Gai Jingping, Yang Zhongfang

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 3

181--194

EN

Actinobacteria living in frozen soils which potentially could be producers of valuable and biologically active metabolites, remain still largely unexplored. Therefore, the diversity of culturable actinobacteria in the six frozen soil samples collected from the high-latitude and the high-altitude regions in China was investigated by using the culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA gene analysis. A total of 184 culturable actinobacterial isolates (morphotypes) were obtained. The abundance of culturable actinobacteria was 6.20 × 103–3.49 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) per gram of soil (dry weight). The actinobacteria isolated from the high-latitude region in China belong to five genera: Streptacidiphilus, Kitasatospora, Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus. The strains belonging to Arthrobacter were dominant, the 19 strains were closely related to Arthrobacter globiformis in terms of evolutionary distance. The actinobacterial isolates from the high-altitude region, from 2,813 m to 4,775 m in elevation, in China could be grouped into six genera (Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, and Nocardiopsis), with dominant Streptomyces and Arthrobacter strains. The 4 strains were closely related to Rhodococcus fascians and one strain was closely with Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans in terms of evolutionary distance. Three genera of Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus were found in both areas. Our research provides new insight into the characteristics of the distribution of actinobacteria associated with frozen soils, which help us gain a better understanding of the potential of the cryogenic environments – the potential source of actinobacterial antibiotics.

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Life in Extreme Habitats : Diversity of Endolithic Microorganisms from Cold Desert Ecosystems of Eastern Pamir

Khomutovska N., Jerzak M., Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I., Kwiatowski J., Suska-Malawska M., Syczewski M., Jasser I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

303--319

EN

The aim of this study was to identify cyanobacteria diversity in rock communities from the cold desert ecosystem in Eastern Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan) and assess if the rock type and rock`s porosity can be indicators of microbial diversity in this extreme environment. Seven samples were collected in July 2015 from hillsides (ca 4000-4500 m a.s.l.) of the Eastern Pamir Mountains. Petrographic and scanning microscopy (SEM) allowed for the characterization of the rocks inhabited by endolithic communities as granite, gneiss and limestone with variable porosity. Based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of amplicon of V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene, we established that Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria dominated the endolithic communities of microorganisms in the rocks studied, which distinguishes these communities from those described for other cold arid regions. Chroococcidiopsis and Leptolyngbya were dominant genera in the cyanobacterial communities according to culture-dependent analysis, as well as microscopic analyses of endoliths scraps from the rocks. Culture-independent metagenomic analyses revealed that Microcoleus, Acaryochloris, Chroococcidiopsis and Thermosynechococcus reads were the most abundant from all reads and dominated interchangeably in the samples. Endolithic communities of microorganisms in the rocks from the cold desert shrubland of Eastern Pamir Mts. appear to be diverse and different from communities described for other cold deserts.

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Dynamika ilościowa AOB w procesie biologicznego oczyszczania odcieków składowiskowych w warunkach beztlenowych

Jurczyk Ł., Koc-Jurczyk J., Różalska P.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2011

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T. 14, nr 4

309-322

PL

Składowanie odpadów, nawet na obiektach prawidłowo zaprojektowanych i eksploatowanych może stwarzać wiele zagrożeń dla środowiska. Jednym z najpoważniejszych jest powstawanie w obrębie składowiska odcieków, charakteryzujących się między innymi dużymi stężeniami azotu amonowego oraz znaczną zawartością trudno rozkładalnych związków organicznych. Podstawową metodą unieszkodliwiania odcieków składowiskowych jest ich oczyszczanie w reaktorach biologicznych. U podstaw tego procesu leży biochemiczny rozkład azotu amonowego przez mikroorganizmy wykazujące ekspresję genu monooksygenazy amoniaku, a jednym ze sposobów zwiększenia jego efektywności jest stosowanie różnych typów nośników stwarzających tym mikroorganizmom optymalne warunki życia. Odcieki wykorzystane w badaniach pochodziły ze składowiska odpadów komunalnych w Kozodrzy (woj. podkarpackie). Badania prowadzono w trzech sekwencyjnych reaktorach biologicznych o pojemności 2 l (SBR 1-3), w warunkach beztlenowych, w temperaturze 42°C i przy stałym czasie zatrzymania wynoszącym 6 d. SBR 1 pracował tylko z osadem czynnym zawieszonym, natomiast SBR 2 i 3 zostały wyposażone w wypełnienia z PCV o różnej średnicy porów (odpowiednio 2 ÷ 3 oraz 4 ÷ 5 mm). W pobranych z reaktorów próbkach osadu badano, za pomocą techniki ilościowej łańcuchowej reakcji polimerazy (Q-PCR), zawartość kopii genu 16S rRNA o sekwencji charakterystycznej dla wszystkich znanych β-proteobakterii mających zdolność do utleniania amoniaku. Porównując w badanych próbkach dynamikę ilości badanego genu, stwierdzono, że wypełnienie zastosowane w SBR 2 powodowało najmniejsze wahania liczebności bakterii w procesie ich adaptacji do warunków technologicznych. Efektywność usuwania azotu amonowego we wszystkich reaktorach miała związek z ilością kopii badanego genu.

EN

Waste disposal, even on properly designed and operated landfills may be environmentally hazardous. One of the most onerous aspects of landfilling is formation of the leachate, characterized by high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and organic compounds. One of the most common method applied for nitrogen neutralization in landfill leachate is biological treatment based on biochemical decomposition of an ammonia by micro-organisms expressing gene of ammonia monooxygenase. The way to increasing efficiency of this process is the application of different types of fillings creating optimal conditions for microorganisms life. Leachate used in the study came from a large scale municipal waste landfill in Kozodrza (podkarpackie province, Poland). The research was conducted in three sequential batch reactors of 2 l (SBR 1-3), in anaerobic conditions, high temperature (42°C) and a constant HRT of 6 d. SBR 1 ran with suspended activated sludge, while the SBR 2 and 3 were equipped with PVC filling of different pore diameters (respectively 2 ÷ 3 and 4 ÷ 5 mm). The samples of sludge were examined for number of 16S rDNA copies characterized for ammonia oxidizing β-proteobacteria. Comparing the quantitative dynamics of 16S rRNA gene in samples it was found that fillings used in the SBR 2 resulted in slightest hesitation of the number of bacteria during the process of their adaptation to technological conditions. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency in all reactors was related to the number of 16S rRNA gene copies.

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Phenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida PCM2153 [commun.]

Przybyłek G., Ciesielski S.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2010

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Vol. 36, no. 2

73-78

EN

Phenol degradation efficiency of Pseudomonas putida PCM2153 free cells was experimentally studied. Bacterial cells were acclimatized to phenol what relied on gradually increasing the phenol concentration in the medium. The highest phenol degradation rate was calculated as approximately 15.2 mgźdm-3źh-1. Investigated strain degraded the phenol at the concentration of 400 mgźdm-3 in 24 h. The result of toxicity analysis showed that acclimatized cells of P. putida PCM2153 are able to survive even at as high concentration of phenol as 3000 mgźdm-3. The obtained result suggests that the analyzed strain can be used for effective treating of high strength phenolic wastewater. Due to resistance of the strain to high phenol concentration it may be applied in bioremediation of exceedingly contaminated sites, especially where dilution of pollutants cannot be implemented.

PL

W doświadczeniu analizowano efektywność rozkładu fenolu przez szczep Pseudomonas putida PCM2135. Komórki bakteryjne zostały poddane adaptacji do wysokich stężeń fenolu, która polegała na stopniowym zwiększaniu jego stężenia w pożywce. Maksymalna szybkość rozkładu fenolu wyniosła 15,2 mgźdm-3źh-1. Badany szczep usunął 400 mg fenolu w ciągu 24 godzin. Przeprowadzone testy toksyczności wykazały, że zaadaptowane komórki P. putida PCM2153 są zdolne do przeżycia w roztworze fenolu nawet o stężeniu 3000 mgźdm-3. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że badany szczep może być wykorzystany do efektywnego oczyszczania ścieków charakteryzujących się wysokim stężeniem fenolu. W zawiązku z odpornością szczepu na wysokie stężenia fenolu, może on być wykorzystywany do bioremediacji terenów silnie zanieczyszczonych fenolem, gdzie rozcieńczanie zanieczyszczeń jest niemożliwe.