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1
Content available The influence of TIG welding technology on the properties and quality of joints made of dissimilar steels
Wieczorska Agata, Dyl Tomasz
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University
|
2022
|
nr 124
20--30
EN
The paper presents a new technology for welding dissimilar steels using the TIG method. Following the welding, the joint was subjected to non-destructive testing, and subsequently a Vickers hardness measurement. The tests were intended to determine whether the newly developed welding technology was properly prepared and if such joints were feasible. This particularly applies to dissimilar materials joined by welding.
2
Content available Evaluation of high-temperature corrosion on 13CrMo4-5 steel operated in the power industry
Gwoździk M.
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
|
2018
|
nr 21(4)
335--343
EN
The paper presents results of studies of steel and the oxide layer formed during a long-term operation (t=130,000h) on 13CrMo4-5 steel at an elevated temperature (T=455°C). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner site of the pipe (in the flowing medium – steam side). The paper contains results of studies such as: light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis.
3
Content available Residual Life of Boiler Pressure Parts Made of the 13CrMo4-5 Steel after Long-Term Operation in a Creep Conditions
Dziuba-Kałuża M., Zieliński A., Dobrzański J., Sroka M., Urbańczyk P., Śliwa A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 2
889--897
EN
This paper presents the method for determination of the time of further safe service for welded joints of boiler components after exceeding the design work time. The evaluation of the life of the parent material and its welded joints was performed. Microstructure investigations using a scanning electron microscope, investigations of strength properties, impact testing, hardness measurements and abridged creep tests of the basic material and welded joints were carried out. The investigations described in this paper allowed the time of further safe service of the examined components made of 13CrMo4-5 steel to be determined. The method for determination of the time of safe service of boiler components working under creep conditions allows their operation beyond the design service life. The obtained results of investigations are part of the materials database developed by the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy.
4
Content available Structure studies of porous oxide layers formed on 13CrMo4-5 steels long-term operated in the power industry
Gwoździk M.
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
|
2016
|
nr 19(3)
257--266
EN
The paper contains results of studies on the formation of oxide layers on 13CrMo4-5 steel long-term operated at an elevated temperature. The material studied comprised specimens of 13CrMo4-5 steel operated at the temperature of 455oC during 130,000 hours (steel 1) and 540oC during 120,000 hours (steel 2). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer surface of the tube wall. The paper contains results of studies of porosity in the oxide layer. The oxide layer formed on the studied steel 1 is ~146 μm thick, while on the steel 2 ~248 μm. It has been found that steel 2 has higher porosity.
5
Content available Characterization of Oxide Layers Formed on 13CrMo4-5 Steel Operated for a Long Time at an Elevated Temperature
Gwoździk M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2015
|
Vol. 60, iss. 3A
1783--1788
EN
The paper contains results of studies into the formation of oxide layers on 13CrMo4-5 (15HM) steel long-term operated at an elevated temperature. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner and outer surface of the tube wall. The 13CrMo4-5 steel operated at the temperature of 470°C during 190,000 hours was investigated. X-ray structural examinations (XRD) were carried out, microscope observation s using an optical, scanning microscope were performed. The native material chemical composition was analysed by means of emission spark spectroscopy, while that of oxide layers on a scanning microscope (EDS). The studies on the topography of the oxide layers comprised studies on the roughness plane, which were carried out using a AFM microscope designed for 2D and 3D studies on the surface. Mechanical properties of the oxide layer – steel (substrate) were characterised on the basis of scratch test. The adhesion of oxide layers, friction force, friction coefficient, scratching depth were determined as well as the force at which the layer was delaminated.
PL
Praca zawiera wyniki badań warstw tlenkowych powstałych na stali 13CrMo4-5 (15HM) długotrwale eksploatowanej w podwyższonej temperaturze. Badania przeprowadzono na powierzchni oraz na przekroju przy powierzchni wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej ścianki rury. Badana stal 13CrMo4-5 była eksploatowana w temperaturze 470oC w czasie 190000 godzin. Na badanym materiale przeprowadzono badania XRD, obserwacje mikroskopowe przy użyciu mikroskopu optycznego i skaningowego. Skład chemiczny stali badano na emisyjnym spektrometrze iskrowym natomiast poszczególnych warstw tlenkowych przy użyciu mikroskopu skaningowego za pomocą EDS. W ramach badań topografii warstw tlenkowych przeprowadzono badania chropowatości powierzchniowej, które realizowano przy zastosowaniu mikroskopu sił atomowych AFM przeznaczonego do badań 2D i 3D. Przeprowadzono charakterystykę mechanicznych właściwości warstwa tlenków – stal (podłoże) na podstawie badań za pomocą scratch testu. Określono przyczepność warstw tlenkowych, siłę tarcia, współczynnik tarcia, głębokość zarysowania oraz siłę, przy której warstwa uległa delaminacji.
6
Charakterystyka zmian wielkości krystalitów w warstwie tlenków powstałych na stali 13CrMo4-5 długotrwale eksploatowanej w podwyższonej temperaturze
Gwoździk M.
Inżynieria Materiałowa
|
2014
|
Vol. 35, nr 6
489--491
PL
Praca zawiera wyniki badań dotyczących rentgenowskiej analizy dyfrakcyjnej XRD (badanie składu fazowego, wielkości krystalitów) warstw tlenkowych na stali 13CrMo4-5 długotrwale eksploatowanej w podwyższonej temperaturze (T = 525°C, t = 73 000 h). Badania rentgenograficzne przeprowadzono na powierzchni zewnętrznej rury, następnie powierzchnię warstwy polerowano i ponownie wykonywano pomiary dyfrakcyjne w celu określenia poszczególnych warstw tlenkowych. Próbki poddano pomiarom rentgenowskim z użyciem dyfraktometru rentgenowskiego Seifert 3003T/T i promieniowania pochodzącego z lampy o anodzie kobaltowej (λCo = 0,17902 nm). Wykonano badania rentgenowskie obejmujące pomiary w symetrycznej geometrii Bragga-Brentano (XRD). Pomiary XRD wykonano w zakresie kątów 30÷120°, z krokiem kątowym 0,1° i czasem ekspozycji 4 s. W celu interpretacji wyników (wyznaczenia położenia 2θ) dyfraktogramy opisano krzywą Pseudo Voighta z użyciem programu Analyze. W identyfikacji faz wykorzystano program komputerowy i bazę danych krystalograficznych DHN PDS oraz PDF4+2009. Na podstawie szerokości i położenia refleksów głównych warstwy tlenkowej wyznaczono wielkość krystalitów ze wzoru Scherrera.
EN
The paper contains results of the studies on X-ray diffraction analysis XRD (studying the phase composition, crystallite sizes) of oxide layers on 13CrMo4-5 steel, operated for a long time at elevated temperature (T = 525°C, t = 73,000 h). X-ray studies were carried out on the outer surface of a tube, and then the layer surface was polished down and the diffraction measurements were performed again to determine individual oxide layers. X-ray (XRD) measurements were performed on a Seiffert 3003T/T X-ray spectrometer with a cobalt target tube (λCo = 0.17902 nm). X-ray studies were performed, comprising measurements in a symmetric Bragg- Brentano geometry. XRD measurements were performed in the 30÷120° range of angles with an angular step of 0.1° and the exposure time of 4 s. To interpret the results (to determine the 2θ position and the total intensity INet) the diffraction paterns were described by a Pseudo Voight curve using the Analyze software. A computer software and the PDF4+2009 crystallographic database were used for the phase identification. Based on the width and location of the main oxide layer reflections, the crystallite size has been determined from the Scherrer formula.
7
Adhezja warstw tlenkowych powstałych na stali 13CrMo4-5 stosowanej w energetyce
Gwoździk M., Nitkiewicz Z.
Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
|
2014
|
Vol. 81, nr 11
769--772
PL
Materiał do badań stanowiła stal 13CrMo4-5 eksploatowana w temperaturze 525oC w czasie 73 000 godzin. Przeprowadzono charakterystykę mechanicznych właściwości warstwy tlenków (wewnętrzna strona ścianki rury od strony pary) – stal (podłoże) na podstawie badań za pomocą scratch testu. Określono przyczepność warstw tlenkowych, siłę tarcia, współczynnik tarcia, głębokość zarysowania.
EN
13CrMo4-5 steel operated at the temperature of 525°C during 73000 hours was the studied material. Mechanical properties of the oxides layer on the inside surface of tube wall (on the flue steam side) – steel (substrate) were characterised on the basis of scratch tests. The adhesion of oxide layers, friction force, friction coefficient, penetration depth were determined.
8
Content available remote The evaluation of suitability for operation of low-alloy Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V steel welded joints beyond the design work time
Dziuba-Kałuża M., Zieliński A., Dobrzański J., Sroka M.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 66, nr 1
21--30
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to develop material characteristics for homogeneous circumferential welded joints in low-alloy steel steam pipelines of power units after long-term service beyond the design work time. Design/methodology/approach: The investigations of microstructure using scanning microscopy, investigations of mechanical properties at room and elevated temperature, in particular the static tensile test, determination of brittle fracture appearance transition temperature based on the impact strength tests and abridged creep tests without measurement of elongation during test were carried out in order to determine the residual life of the material. Findings: The influence of long-term service on mechanical properties and structure of 13CrMo4-5 and 14MoV6-3 steel circumferential welded joints after long-term service under creep conditions beyond the design work time was determined. Practical implications: The applied methodology and adopted procedures will be used for evaluation of condition and prediction about further operation of welded joints of elements in the pressure part of power equipment working under creep conditions. Originality/value: The obtained results of investigations will be the elements of material characteristics developed by the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy for steels and welded joints made from them working under creep conditions.
9
Content available remote Structure of welded joints of 14MoV6-3 and 13CrMo4-5 steel elements after design work time under creep conditions
Zieliński A., Dobrzański J., Dziuba-Kałuża M.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 2
69--76
EN
Purpose: This paper is to present changes in the structure of material of 14MoV6-3 and 13CrMo4-5 alloyed steel components of power station boiler after long-term creep service. Design/methodology/approach: The investigated materials were obtained from Polish power stations. All the examined elements have exceeded their assessed life of 100 000 hours. The structural investigations were carried out on materials after long-term service under creep conditions. The microstructure was observed using light and scanning electron microscope. The investigations on the development of precipitation processes were done by X-ray diffraction phase analysis. Findings: Carbide precipitation evolution in correlation to the life exhaustion extent was presented. Practical implications: The presented methods can be used for evaluation of materials working under creep conditions. Originality/value: The presented results on changes in the structure and precipitation processes are applied to evaluation of the condition of elements in further industrial service.
10
Charakterystyka warstw tlenkowych powstałych na stali 13CrMo4-5 długotrwale eksploatowanej w podwyższonej temperaturze
Gwoździk M.
Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
|
2012
|
Vol. 79, nr 12
932--935
PL
Praca zawiera wyniki badań dotyczących analizy powstawania warstw tlenkowych na stali 13CrMo4-5 (15HM) eksploatowanej W temperaturze 525 °C W czasie 73 000 godzin. Stwierdzono, że podczas długotrwałej eksploatacji stali 13CrMo4-5 od strony wewnętrznej powstaje hematyt oraz magnetyt, natomiast od strony zewnętrznej hematyt oraz osady. Powstała warstwa tlenków od strony spalin jest dziesięciokrotnie grubsza niż od strony przepływającego medium.
EN
The paper contains results of studies into the formation of oxide layers on 13 CrMo4-5 steel operated at the temperature of 525 °C during 73000 hours. It has been found that during a long-term operation of 13 CrMo4-5 steel from the inner side is formed hematite and magnetite while from the outside hematite and sediments. From the flue gas the layer oxide is ten times thicker than those of the flowing medium.
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