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1

Assessment of Phytoremediation of 137Cs Contaminated Soils During the Cultivation of Nectar-Pollinating Plants

Razanov Serhii, Kutsenko Mykola, Klymenko Mykola, Bakhmat Mykola, Klymenko Oleksandr, Bakhmat Oleh, Holubieva Tetiana, Kovalchuk Nataliia, Mazurak Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

316--321

EN

The man-made activity of mankind has led to the emergence of many global problems and caused the deterioration of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil). Of particular concern is the contamination of agricultural land with toxicants, in particular, radionuclides, which, entering the soil – plant – human body food chain, can reach toxic levels. Therefore, an important task is the removal of hazardous substances from the soil. Phytoremediation can be one of the effective methods for reducing its pollution. The article examines the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soils contaminated as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in certain territories of Polissia of Ukraine (Korosten district of Zhytomyr region). Nectar-pollinating plants were selected for the research, which was carried out for two years: great globe-thistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), and white melilot (Melilotus albus). The results of the research showed that in the dry vegetative mass of milk thistle, great globe-thistle, and white melilot, the specific activity of 137Cs over the two years of research was in the range from 30.8 Bq/kg to 238.5 Bq/kg, the accumulation coefficient – from 0.135 to 0.985, and the hazard coefficient – from 0.055 to 0.395. The highest indicators of specific activity and accumulation coefficient of 137Cs were observed in the vegetative mass of the white melilot, which amounted to 238.5 Bq/kg and 0.96, respectively, comparatively lower values – 2.3 times and 2.3 times were found in the vegetative mass of milk thistle, 2.8 times and 7.1 times – in the vegetative mass of the great globe-thistle. At this level of accumulation of 137Cs in the vegetative mass of nectarine plants from the soil, on average, over two years of research, 1130550 Bq of this radionuclide was removed from the soil per hectare of agricultural land with milk thistle, 621250 Bq with great globe-thistle, and 2851650 Bq with white melilot. The removal of 137Cs with the vegetative mass of nectarine plants reduced the content of this radionuclide in the soil per 1 kg – from 3.4% to 8% on average over two years of research.

2

Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments : application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Zalewska Tamara, Brzeska-Roszczyk Paulina, Danowska Beata, Pełechaty Mariusz

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

68--80

EN

The paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg−1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg−1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.

3

Application of 239,240 Pu, 137Cs and heavy metals for dating of river sediments

Ciszewski Dariusz, Łokas Edyta

Geochronometria

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2019

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Vol. 46, no. 1

138--147

EN

The periodical nature of overbank sediment accumulation makes their detailed dating much more difficult than dating sediments in water reservoirs. To improve the commonly used dating with 137Cs, we combined this method with Pu isotopes and heavy metals in order to date sediments of the Chechło River (southern Poland), which was polluted by a lead-zinc mine. We analyzed 137Cs, Pu isotopes and heavy metal concentrations in three profiles of overbank sediments and in two profiles of subsidence basins in the lower river reach. The results indicate a lower accuracy and higher uncertainty of the overbank than the dating of reservoir sediments. The application of plutonium isotopes provided very important information validating caesium peaks or providing the principal information regarding horizons dated with heavy metals. The obtained dates give the earliest possible age of particular horizons with the actual sediment deposition delayed by several to a dozen years. This investigation shows that using plutonium radioisotopes can be a useful tool for dating, particularly of the youngest overbank sediments where numerous sedimentation gaps cause uncertainties in the application of other methods, e.g. radiocaesium and heavy metals.

4

Preliminary studies on the spatial distribution of artificial 137Cs and natural gamma radionuclides in the region of the Ojców National Park, Poland

Stobiński M., Jędrzejek F., Kubica B.

Nukleonika

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2018

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Vol. 63, No. 4

105--111

EN

The aim of the research is to obtain preliminary information about the spatial distribution of gamma radionuclides in the soils taken from the Ojców National Park with emphasis on the behaviour of artificial radionuclides, with 137Cs as a representative. The natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra (uranium series), and 228Th (thorium series), which are considered as background radiation, were also determined. In total, 18 soil samples were collected during the summer periods in 2015–2017, while the sampling points were selected with respect to differences in rainfall and local topography gradient. The method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry performed on high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma detector (relative efficiency 34%). 137Cs was mostly deposited in the top soil layers, with activity in the range of 27.9÷586.6 Bq•kg–1. We found strong positive correlation of the 137Cs activity with the soil organic matter content, and at the same time, its dependence on the rainfall amount. Consequently, the soil types and local climate can control the spatial distribution of 137Cs on a small spatial scale. The quantity of natural radionuclides was highly similar in all samples with the following mean values: 38.0 Bq•kg–1 for 228Th, 33.1 Bq•kg–1 for 226Ra, and 479.9 Bq•kg–1 for 40K.

5

Analiza dynamiki skażenia gleby naturalnymi i sztucznymi radionuklidami w województwie opolskim po awarii elektrowni jądrowej w Czarnobylu

Isajenko K., Piotrowska B., Stawarz O., Łukaszek-Chmielewska A., Krawczyńska S.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2017

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Vol. 46, iss. 2

42--54

PL

Wprowadzenie: W wyniku awarii reaktora elektrowni jądrowej w Czarnobylu na Ukrainie w 1986 roku doszło do niekontrolowanego uwolnienia substancji radioaktywnych. Województwo opolskie należy do obszarów, na których nastąpiła największa kumulacja skażenia powierzchniowego izotopami promieniotwórczymi. Deszczowa pogoda panująca na tym obszarze podczas przechodzenia radioaktywnej chmury wpłynęła na zatrzymanie się w komponentach środowiska różnych izotopów promieniotwórczych. Cel: W opracowaniu skupiono uwagę na przedstawieniu dynamiki zmian wartości stężenia powierzchniowego cezu 137Cs w glebie Opolszczyzny na przestrzeni prawie trzydziestu lat od awarii czarnobylskiej. Projekt i metody: Duże znaczenie dla oceny zmian wartości stężenia powierzchniowego 137Cs w glebie z określonego punktu poboru próbek ma stan mikrośrodowiska. Nie może być ono zniekształcone lub zmienione przez działalność człowieka. Istotne jest również to, aby sposób pobierania próbek był ustalony i powtarzalny, a ich przygotowanie do pomiaru w laboratorium odbywało się według ściśle określonych procedur. Po odpowiednim przygotowaniu próbki są poddawane pomiarom spektrometrycznym na detektorze półprzewodnikowym HPGe oraz analizie promieniowania gamma za pomocą oprogramowania Genie-2000. Wyniki: Podczas analizy widm promieniowania gamma w próbkach gleby stwierdzono obecność naturalnych izotopów 40K, 226Ra i 228Ac oraz sztucznych izotopów 134Cs (rejestrowany do 1996 r.) i 137Cs (rejestrowany do dziś). W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty pomiarów stężeń powierzchniowych 137Cs i stężeń naturalnych radionuklidów 40K, 226Ra i 228Ac w glebie woj. opolskiego dla próbek pochodzących z okresu 1988–2014. Wnioski: Zgodnie z przewidywaniami na przestrzeni prawie 30 lat od awarii w Czarnobylu stężenie 137Cs w glebie stopniowo maleje. Jest to związane z rozpadem izotopu oraz jego przenikaniem w głębsze warstwy gleby. Natomiast stężenie radionuklidów naturalnych w badanych miejscowościach utrzymuje się na podobnym poziomie. Wskazana jest kontynuacja pomiarów, w celu sprawdzenia, jak maleje stężenie powierzchniowe 137Cs w glebie i kiedy jego wartość znajdzie się poniżej progu detekcji. Należałoby także wybrać kilka punktów poboru gleby (także na Opolszczyźnie) w celu zbadania, jak 137Cs przeniknął w głębsze warstwy gleby (pobór z warstwy 25 cm).

EN

In 1986 there was an accident in the reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine which caused an uncontrolled release of radioactive substances. The Opole province in Poland is one of the areas which suffered the greatest accumulation of surface contamination with radionuclides. As a result of rainy weather in this area during the transition of the radioactive cloud, various radioisotopes remained in the environmental components. Objective: The study focuses on the dynamic changes in the surface concentration of cesium 137Cs in soil samples from the Opole province, which have been measured for nearly thirty years since the Chernobyl disaster. Method: The condition of the microenvironment is very important for the assessment of changes in 137Cs surface concentration for the soil taken from the same sampling point, so the microenvironment cannot be distorted or changed by human activity. The method of sampling must be fixed and repeatable, and the preparation of samples for measurement in the laboratory should be conducted according to strict procedures. After proper preparation, samples are measured spectrometrically on a HPGe semiconductor detector and then an analysis of gamma radiation is done with Genie-2000 software. Results: During the gamma-radiation spectrum analysis of the soil samples, the surface concentration of natural isotopes 40K, 226Ra and 228Ac and of artificial isotopes 134Cs (reported till 1996) and 137Cs (reported to the present) was detected. The article presents the results of 137Cs surface concentration measurements, as well as the concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ac natural radionuclides in the soil of the Opole province from samples measured in the period 1988–2014. Conclusions: As expected, for the nearly 30 years since the failure of the Chernobyl NPP, the concentration of 137Cs in the soil has been gradually decreasing as a result of isotope decay and its penetration into the deeper layers of the soil. On the other hand, the concentration of natural radionuclides is at a similar level for the same sampling points. In the future it will be useful to continue measuring to see how the surface concentration of 137Cs for soil is decreasing and when its value will be below the detection threshold. It would be also good to select several sampling points (also in the Opole province) in order to investigate how 137Cs has penetrated into the deeper layers of the soil (a 25-cm layer).

6

Sedimentation rates in the Lake Qattinah using 210Pb and 137Cs as geochronometer

Alhajji E., Ismail I. M., Al-Masri M. S., Salman N., Al-Haleem M. A., Doubal A. W.

Geochronometria

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2014

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Vol. 41, no. 1

81--86

EN

The constant rate of supply (CRS) of excess 210Pb model was successfully applied to assess 210Pb data of two sediment cores from the lake Qattinah, Syria. Gamma spectrometry was used to determine 137Cs and 210Pb activity concentrations. The bottom of the cores was 210Pb-dated to years 1907 and 1893. The accumulation rates were determined using 210Pb method and found to vary similarly in both cores from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 3.78 ± 0.57 kg m-2 y-1 during the past century. 137Cs was used as an independent chronometer. The two distinct peaks observed on the 137Cs record of both cores, corre-sponding to 1965 and 1986, have allowed a successful validation of the CRS model.

7

Sediment geochronology and spatio-temporal and vertical distributions of radionuclides in the Upper Bonny Estuary (South Nigeria)

Omokheyeke O., Sikoki F. D., Laissaoui A., Akpuluma D., Onyagbodor P. O., Benkdad A., Benmansour M.

Geochronometria

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2014

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Vol. 41, no. 4

369--376

EN

Surface deposits and sediment cores were collected from the Upper Bonny Estuary, located in Southwest Nigeria, and analyzed to determine spatio-temporal and vertical distributions of radio-nuclide activities expressed in Bq·kg−1 dry weight. The results of activities of naturally occurring radionuclides of 226Ra (15 ± 2–34 ± 3 Bq·kg−1), 228Ra (32 ± 5–48 ± 6 Bq·kg−1), 40K (264 ± 29–462 ± 36 Bq·kg−1) were found to be all within the range of typical values reported for coastal regions. Ratios of 226Ra to 228Ra suggested accretion for all samples with low sediment accumulation registered during rainy months. In addition, vertical distributions at the three sampling sites were also studied with the initial aim of establishing chronologies from the decay of excess 210Pb. In two cores, excess 210Pb, estimated by subtracting 226Ra from total 210Pb on a layer-by-layer basis, exhibit relatively constant activity with discrete minima and maxima. Therefore, these cores were excluded from radiometric dating. Only the third core could be dated by the constant rate of supply model, and 137Cs was utilized to validate the 210Pb chronology.

8

Anthropogenic radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in the southern Baltic Sea ecosystem

Zalewska T., Suplińska M.

Oceanologia

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2013

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No. 55 (3)

485--517

EN

The radioisotopes of caesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) make the greatest contribution to the radioactivity level due to artificial radionuclides in the Baltic Sea, where the level of 137Cs contamination is higher than in any other part of the world ocean. The main sources of man-made radionuclides are the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and the nuclear weapons tests carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. This study discusses the distribution patterns and trends in activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr recorded in various compartments of the marine environment of the southern Baltic Sea. It is based on an investigation of radioactive substances as part of the Polish National Environmental Monitoring Programme. In 2010 the average concentration of 137Cs in the southern Baltic was 35 Bq m-3, while the level of 90Sr in these waters has remained at much the same level in recent years (ca 8 Bq m-3). The distribution of isotopes in the bottom sediments reflect historical events that can be identified in sediment profiles. The activity concentrations of the caesium isotope are the highest in sediments from the Gulf of Gdansk, whereas the least polluted sediments are found in the Bornholm Basin, in the western part of the southern Baltic. The highest concentrations of 137Cs in benthic plants were measured in the red alga Polysiphonia fucoides: 22.3 Bq kg -1 d.w. in June and 40.4 Bq kg-1 in September. These levels were much higher than those found in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus (7.3 Bqkg-1 d.w.). 137Cs concentrations in fish have decreased in time, reflecting the trends recorded in seawater. In 2010 the respective 137Cs activities in Clupea harengus, Platichthys flesus and Gadus morhua were 4.7, 4.9 and 6.6 Bq kg-1w.w.

9

Estimation of radioactivity dose rate absorbed with ingested foods

Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Ziembik Z.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2013

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Vol. 20, nr 9

991--1008

EN

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effective dose of ionising radiation absorbed in consequence of consuming the selected food products for relevant age groups and estimation of the resulting risk. The study was carried out with the use of food products, part of which was produced in the area contaminated with 137Cs released after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant explosion. On the basis of the obtained study results, it can be stated that in consequence of consumption of the selected food products, people may receive increased radiation doses from artificial radioactive isotopes, which are one of the components of the annual effective dose. Taking into consideration other sources of ionising radiation, which are not present in food, one should assume that 137Cs contained in food has a little share in the total radiation dose absorbed by the inhabitants of the studied region.

PL

Celem tego badania było określenie skutecznej dawki promieniowania jonizującego, pochłoniętej wskutek spożywania wybranych produktów żywnościowych. W ocenie ryzyka uwzględniono grupy wiekowe ludności. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem produktów spożywczych, z których część została wyprodukowana na obszarach skażonych 137Cs, uwolnionym po wybuchu elektrowni jądrowej w Czarnobylu. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają zwiększenie dawki promieniowania, pochodzącej od sztucznych izotopów promieniotwórczych. Biorąc pod uwagę inne niż żywność źródła promieniowania jonizującego, można stwierdzić, że 137Cs zawarty w artykułach spożywczych ma mały udział w całkowitej dawce promieniowania pochłoniętego przez mieszkańców badanego regionu.

10

Transfer of cesium-137 from forest soil to moss Pleurozium schreberi

Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Ziembik Z., Wacławek M., Hysplerova L.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 4

509-516

EN

Moss (Pleurozium schreberi) and soil samples collected in 2009 in Bory Stobrawskie forest were used to study the transfer factor (TFCs) and aggregated transfer factor (Tag) of radiocesium from forest soil to moss. This investigation also included determination of 40K activity, pH, conductivity and organic matter content in soil. The mean 137Cs activities were 179 Bq/kg d.m. in soil samples and 203 Bq/kg d.m. in moss. The TFCs of 137Cs from soil to moss was varied in the range from 0.1 to 3.3. The mean surface activity was 11.2 kBq/m2. The Tag values were limited in the range from 0.001 to 0.058. Additionally the TFK values for 40K were computed. It was found that the main contribution of 137Cs activity in environment originates from soil and activities of 137Cs and 40K were usually higher in moss than in soil. It can be supposed that the 137Cs isotope migrates to moss from its surrounding. Among others, tatistically significant correlation between TF of 137Cs and activity of 40K in soil was found. Low activity of 40K in soil is conducive to the transfer of cesium to moss. The organic matter content also affects transport of cesium and potassium between moss and soil.

PL

Mech (Pleurozium schreberi) i próbki gleby pobranej w 2009 roku w Borach Stobrawskich wykorzystywano do badania współczynnika transferu (TFCs) i zbiorczego współczynnika transferu (Tag) radiocezu z gleb leśnych do mchu. Określono także aktywność 40K, pH, konduktywność i zawartość materii organicznej w próbkach gleby. Średnia aktywność 137Cs wynosiła 179 Bq/kg s.m. w próbkach gleby i 203 Bq/kg s.m. w próbkach mchu. Współczynnik transferu TFCs z gleby do mchu zmieniał się w zakresie od 0,1 do 3,3. Średnia aktywność powierzchniowa wynosiła 11,2 kBq/m2. Wartości Tag mieściły się w zakresie od 0,001 do 0,058. Zostały także obliczone wartości TFK dla 40K. Stwierdzono, że główny udział aktywności 137Cs w środowisku pochodzi z gleby, a aktywności 137Cs i 40K były zwykle większe w mchu niż w glebie. Znaleziono istotną statystycznie korelację pomiędzy TFCs i aktywnością 40K w glebie. Sugeruje to, że mała zawartość potasu w glebie sprzyja przenoszeniu cezu do mchu. Zawartości materii organicznej również wpływają na transport cezu i potasu pomiędzy mchem i glebą.

11

Radionuclides 137Cs and 40K in the soils of the Tatra National Park (TPN, Poland)

Kubica B., Skiba S., Drewnik M., Stobiński M., Kubica M., Gołaś J., Misiak R.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 3

377-386

EN

The paper presents the results of radioactivity determination of artificial 137Cs and natural 40K in soil samples taken from the Tatra Mountains in Poland (Tatra National Park – TPN). Soil samples were collected as the cores of 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in depth. These cores were divided into 3 slices. It has been found that the content of 137Cs was the highest at the sites of the altitude over 1300 m a.s.l. The values of 137Cs concentration in the soils examined varied – from 55.8 Bqźkg–1 (dry mass) (417.8 Bqźm–2) for the Tomanowa Pass (1685 m a.s.l.) to 5111 Bqźkg–1 (dry mass) (8400 Bqźm–2) for the Krzyzne Pass (2112 m a.s.l.). In most cases, the values were lower than the average radiocaesium concentration established for Poland.

12

Assessment of the influence of soil properties on 137Cs accumulation in Of horizon in forest soils

Ziembik Z., Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Wacławek M.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 2

205-212

EN

The work focuses on assessment of soil physicochemical parameters influence on 137Cs accumulation in Of soil horizon. Besides organic matter content and pH, the parameters related to sorption properties and mobile ions concentration were considered. The data were transformed using Box-Cox formula. To find mutual relationships between variables cluster analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were used. It was found that the transformed physicochemical parameters in Of horizon are more or less related with each other but no linear or nearly linear relationships between 137Cs activity and physicochemical parameters were found.

13

Sedimentation rates and dating of bottom sediments in the Southern Baltic Sea region

Suplińska M. M., Pietrzak-Flis Z.

Nukleonika

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2008

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Vol. 53, suppl. 2

105--111

EN

Sedimentation rates and dating of bottom sediments were estimated in two sampling stations of the Gulf of Gdańsk and in four stations in the open sea area. Estimations were based on vertical distributions of 210Pb, 137Cs and 239,240Pu activity concentrations in sediment core samples taken in 1998–2007. Two dating models based on changes of activity concentrations of 210Pbunsup were used: 1) CF:CS (Constant Flux Constant Sedimentation rate-model) and 2) CRS (Constant Rate of Supply-model). 137Cs and 239,240Pu were applied as time markers. 137Cs originates mostly from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, whereas 239,240Pu comes from the global fallout in 1963. The validation of the 210Pb methods was performed by activity peak of 137Cs and 239,240Pu. Sediment accumulation rate (g·cm–2·y–1) was constant along sediment core. Annually accumulated layer, (mm·y–1) decreased with sediment depth in all the locations. In the Gulf of Gdańsk sedimentation rate in the upper layer was about 3.6 mm·y–1, and it decreased in the deeper layers to about 1.1 mm·y–1. Sedimentation rates in the open sea area were lower than in the gulf region and the lowest was observed in the Bornholm Deep, being about 0.95 mm·y–1 in the upper layer and 0.35 mm·y–1 in the deeper layer. The growth of a 5 cm thick layer took 27–37 years in the Gulf of Gdańsk, and 61–105 years in the open sea area. It is suggested that the mean values obtained from the models would give a most reliable estimation of the sedimentation rates.

14

Plutonium and gamma emitters in the northeastern part of Bory Tucholskie (Poland)

Mietelski J. W., Mirocha S., Bogacz J.

Nukleonika

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2008

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Vol. 53, No. 1

17-25

EN

The paper presents results of the measurements of Pu and gamma emitters of some forest litter/soil profiles collected in 1999 in the northeastern part of Bory Tucholskie forest (northern Poland). Besides the activity concentration of 137Cs, 134Cs, 40K, 228Ac, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, the cumulated deposition of 137Cs, 238Pu and 239+240Pu were calculated. The origin of these radionuclides is discussed on the basis of the observed activity ratios. The observed average level of radioactive contamination confirms expectations for this region, however samples show a relatively large variation of cumulated deposition for both plutonium and radiocesium originated from global and Chernobyl fallout.

15

Peculiarities of 137Cs translocation in higher plants under environmental and laboratory conditions

Marčiulioniene D., Lukšiene B., Kiponas D.

Nukleonika

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2008

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Vol. 53, No. 2

69-75

EN

Accumulation of technogenic 137Cs in higher plant roots and above-ground part and comparison of 137Cs and 40K transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plant as well as distribution within above-ground part of plant under environmental conditions were investigated. Parallely, the results of the investigations of 137Cs accumulation in the roots and shoots of test-organism Lepidium sativum L. in the model hydroponic system aqueous solution-solid phase-plant were analyzed. Peculiarities of transfer of this radionuclide from roots to shoots during the entire plant growing period under experimental conditions were determined. 137Cs activity in the tested plants of meadow ecotop was on an average 6-fold lower than in the plants of swamp and 10-fold lower than in the plants of forest ecotop. Differences in 137Cs and 40K transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plant and their distribution in plants indicate particular biological metabolism of these radionuclides in plants. Increased levels of 137Cs in soil practically did not affect the 40K transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plants. The results of investigations under natural and laboratory conditions show that increasing contamination of growth medium with 137Cs caused higher accumulation of this radionuclide in roots but its transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plant decreased or changed insignificantly. 137Cs transfer from roots to above-ground part under natural (Artemisia vulgaris) and laboratory (Lepidium sativum) conditions was rather similar.

16

Zastosowanie 137Cs do modelowania procesów erozji i akumulacji w obrębie lessowej doliny użytkowanej rolniczo

Poręba G. J.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 9

369--372

17

Influence of the parameters of models used to calculate soil erosion based on 137Cs tracer

Poręba G. J., Bluszcz A.

Geochronometria

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2008

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Vol. 32

21-27

EN

Soil erosion is a serious problem especially on arable land in the loess areas of southern Poland. Reliable data of soil erosion are important to propose a proper method of soil conservation. Measurements of 137Cs inventory allow obtaining both long-term mean value of soil erosion and spatial pattern of soil erosion. To obtain quantitative results of soil erosion from 137Cs measurements one of the mathematical models must be used. Currently, there are many such models in circulation and the results of calculations of soil erosion depend not only on the particular model but also on values assumed for parameters of this model. This paper describes some problems related to calculating soil erosion and deposition based on 137Cs data, namely, the influence of additional parameters on calculated soil erosion is considered. In particular, we have considered the influence of values assumed for plough depth, ă factor, particle size correction factor, soil density and the contribution of the post-Chernobyl deposition to the total caesium deposition on the calculated soil erosion values. The calculations of soil erosion have been done for four, most commonly used models, using real caesium inventory data collected by the authors. The influence of errors of model parameters on the results of soil erosion rate estimates is about 1%, or less for 1% relative error in the parameter.

18

Radionuclides in bones of diurnal birds of prey and owls from the eastern Poland

Mietelski J. W., Kitowski I., Gaca P., Frankowska P., Tomankiewicz E., Błażej S., Kierepko R.

Chemia Analityczna

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2008

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Vol. 53, No. 6

821-834

19

Badanie aktywności radiocezu na obszarze transgranicznym polsko-czeskim

Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Ziembik Z., Wacławek M., Hysplerova L.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2007

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Vol. 1, No. 1/2

113--118

PL

Na skutek awarii reaktora EJ w Czarnobylu do środowiska przedostało się wiele izotopów promieniotwórczych. Skażenia te objęty m.in. terytoria Polski i Czech. W ramach projektu współfinansowanego ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego (Inicjatywa Wspólnotowa INTERREG IIIA Czechy-Polska) przeprowadzono badania, których celem było określenie aktualnych rozkładów terytorialnych depozycji izotopów cezu w powierzchniowej warstwie gleby oraz mocy dawki promieniowania gamma na obszarze transgranicznym polsko-czeskim.

EN

As the result of breakdown of the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl large quantities of radioactive substances were released to environment. Among others the territories of Poland and Czech were contaminated. The aim of the project was investigation of current local depositions of cesium isotopes close to soil surface and total dose of gamma radiation in the Polish - Czech border region. The work was partly supported by European Regional Development Fund (Community Initiative INTERREG IIIA Czech-Poland).

20

Interlaboratory comparison of the determination of 137Cs and 90Sr in water, food and soil: preparation and characterization of test materials

Fuks L., Polkowska-Motrenko H.

Nukleonika

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2006

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Vol. 51,suppl.2

27-31

EN

Only reliable analytical results can serve as a basis of meaningful evaluation and protection of the environment against radioactive contaminants. So, laboratories dealing with the environmental radioactivity determinations should regularly demonstrate their ability to produce acceptable results. Since 2002, every two years organization of national interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) on the determination of different radionuclides in food and environmental samples is required by the Polish law. The aim of the paper is presentation how test materials applied in the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT, Warsaw, Poland) for the 2004 ILC on the determination of 137Cs and 90Sr in water, food and soil were prepared.