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Cross-section of ECDIS education and training worldwide and in the Republic of Croatia: Relations Between Programs and User Perceptions

Car M., Tominca-Coslovich S., Brčić D., Žuškin S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 2

267--277

EN

Besides its obvious benefits, the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) continues to develop as a sophisticated, complex system. With ever-growing features and the integration of external data and sources, it is nowadays normally considered as one among the compact elements forming a part of an even more complex Integrated Navigation System (INS). The ECDIS handling requires a certain level of technical knowledge and operational skills to be gained, besides the usual navigational background. In order to utilize the system efficiently and safely, the navigator has to obtain several levels of education. The Generic ECDIS Training (GT), as defined in the respective International Maritime Organization (IMO) Model Course, introduces the navigator with fundamental, required operational (however introductory) and theoretical knowledge. Apart from the GT, there is an optional, ECDIS manufacturer-approved Equipment Specific Training (EST). The latter represents a special type of training where the navigator improves its theoretical knowledge, understanding, and proficiency, together with competence demonstration on a specific approved ECDIS model. This paper elaborates the dynamics of worldwide regulations pertaining to the ECDIS Education and Training (EET) plan. The reference is given to training procedures in the Republic of Croatia, placing its educational framework in the broader context. Although it is of a non-mandatory nature, the EST is unofficially considered that way, and there is a stable and reasonable ground to consider the opinions and arguments of the navigators who prefer the EST. This is also supported by the fact that there is a large number of approved systems on the market. Apart from fulfilling the performance standards regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), ECDIS models differ significantly regarding handling, interface, and interpretation of data and information, therefore biasing the required knowledge and the purposefulness of the system. The survey among navigational ranks was used to support the study and to relate the existing programs with the actual navigational situation. The motivation was the consideration of the current relationship between defined EET programs, their inequalities, and the actual user needs, referring to the systematisation of the fulfillment of the system as a basic navigation tool. The selected questions referred to the possession of ECDIS certificates and basic education and knowledge, and the navigational ranks’ opinions regarding the opportunity to enhance their knowledge during the EST. The latter considered lack of standardisation (including terminology), apart from different levels of education. As expected, the answers were not uniform, revealing differences in opinion as well as in basic system interpretation. The latter could have possible causes and relation to the particular education system in the first place. The current educational framework was discussed in terms of EET enhancements and the development of the navigation curricula. The study results have been presented and discussed systematically, leading to observations on the potential safety of navigation improvement.

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Estimation of Sea Level Rise in Santos Port (Brazil)

Alfredini P., Arasaki E.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 2

453--458

EN

Santos Port is located in São Paulo State Coast (Brazil), in an estuarine area inside Santos Bay named Baixada Santista. The currents behavior is forced by tides. The resulting tidal level variability (high tide, mean sea level and low tide) recorded from Santos Dock Company tide gauge (1940 to 2014), the longest series of continuous record of tides in Brazil, shows a consistent increasing trend. The estimation about the magnitude of mean sea level rise (MSLR) in recommendations, guidelines or requirements issued by different countries and agencies from 1990 provide examples of different approaches used around the world in comparison with the local trends obtained for Santos Port. It is concluded that MSLR will have a considerable impact upon the port, with approximately 1.0 m rise estimated from 1990 to 2100. Baixada Santista is a lowland situated a few meters upper from the sea level and some areas are possible to be submerged in the end of this century. Other two locations in São Paulo State Coast, Cananeia and Ubatuba, respectively to the SE and NW of Santos, were also compared with the port tidal data to evaluate the consistency of the trends.

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Identifying and Analyzing Safety Critical Maneuvers from High Resolution AIS Data

Mestl T., Tallakstad K.T., Castberg R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2016

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Vol. 10, no. 1

69--77

EN

We demonstrate the value in previously disregarded parameters in AIS data, and present a novel way of quickly identifying and characterizing potentially safety critical situations for vessels with a properly configured AIS transponder. The traditional approach of studying (near) collision situations, is through vessel conflict zones, based on vessel location and speed from low resolution AIS data. Our approach utilizes the rate of turn parameter in the AIS signal, at maximum time resolution. From collision investigation reports it is often seen that prior to or at collision navigators perform frenetic rudder actions in the hope to avoid collision in the last second. These hard maneuverings are easily spotted as non-normal rate of turn signals. An identified potential critical situation may then be further characterized by the occurring centripetal acceleration a vessel is exposed to. We demonstrate the novelty of our methodology in a case study of a real ship collision. As the rate of turn parameter is directly linkable to the navigator behavior it provides information about when and to what degree actions were taken. We believe our work will therefore inspire new research on safety and human factors as a risk profiles could be derived based on AIS data.

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Application of the 1-2-3 Rule for Calculations of a Vessel’s Route Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Wiśniewski B., Medyna P., Chomski J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 2

143--146

EN

An example is shown of the 1-2-3 rule application for calculations to determine a route avoiding tropical cyclones. The dynamic programming used is based on regularly received weather reports containing present and forecast data on tropical cyclones. The results were compared with the post factum calculated route which utilized only weather analyses concerning the relevant moments of the voyage and with routes calculated using the cyclone fuzzy domain as an area dangerous to navigation. The calculations were made in the evolutionary algorithms environment.