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Space 4.0 - a common, democratic European space, part 5

Romaniuk Ryszard S., Orleański Piotr

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

2025

Vol. 71, No. 3

Space 4.0 is a complex infrastructural, but also sociological process and political ideology, which we tried to present in the local context from various sides. Space 4.0 turned out too complex to show all its dynamically changing attributes. Space 4.0 is realized in complex economic and political environment even in the EU. Some of these issues are related to the existence of technological and economic boundaries in our region and particular political interests. Space 4.0 major goal is to build a democratic European space in real existing economic conditions, not theoretically, and in in the nearest future. Our intention was to present the image of the European space sector in an optimistic way, but simultaneously we did not omit some critical reflections. The great idea of Space 4.0 should not be reduced only to a technical and simple business layer connecting the LEO zone to the Industry 4.0 economy. Space 4.0 contains also space based services. Space 4.0 is not only a simple ecosystem of small and cheap satellites. It is much more than this. We are proud participants of the Space 4.0, learning from mistakes, encouraging SMEs to be active, undertaking important administrative initiatives, to build real new, active societal space sector.

Space 4.0 : a common, democratic European space. Part 3

Romaniuk Ryszard S., Orleański Piotr

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

2025

Vol. 71, No. 1

265-275

Building a common, democratic European space is not only a huge economic, industrial and social undertaking. This is a very complex civilizational and political undertaking, of a global nature, but generated in our European space giga-region coordinated by ESA and strongly coupled with the American space giga-region of NASA. Policies for the implementation of common democratic space over other giga-regions are slightly different, so the globalization of the idea of space development is politically and economically highly hybrid. Various space giga-regions are more or less politically and economically susceptible to cooperation and acceptance of certain general principles as a lasting common denominator. In the NASA and ESA giga-regions we have the slogans NewSpace and Space 4.0, which we call together as OpenSpace. A very strong common basis of these giga-regions, but also of China and India, is the emphasis on developing and strengthening the private space sector. It is about the creation, strengthening and development of large companies capable of producing rockets, transport systems for people and goods, as well as numerous SME sector companies that can provide a significant variety of space infrastructure services. The development of space and satellite technologies in Europe is very uneven. Only a few countries have their own infrastructure of a self-sustaining space eco-system. The idea of Space 4.0 includes equalizing space opportunities in Europe. To become globally competitive, Europe must carefully implement its policy of equalizing the development of space technologies in its territory. A version of this paper in Polish was published in Elektronika Monthly by SEP.