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1

Limitation of lignin derivatives as biomarkers of land derived organic matter in the coastal marine sediments

Pempkowiak Janusz

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (3)

374--386

EN

Lignin oxidation products (vanillyl, syringil and cummaryl phenols), and δ13C were measured in a variety of land and marine samples collected in Inner Puck Bay – dominated by marine vascular plants, small river run-off, and shallow bottom, and in Gdańsk Bay – characterized by large river run-off, small marine vascular plants population, and the average depth exceeding euphotic zone. Both study areas are parts of the Gdańsk Basin, Southern Baltic. Typical δ13C values (δ13C  = -28‰) and both composition and concentrations of lignin phenols were measured in samples originating from land. Small, yet easily measurable amounts of lignin phenols were found in marine vascular plants biomass (Σ8 = 90 µg/100 mg organic matter). The biomass was characterized by exceptionally high δ13C values (-12‰). No lignin phenols and typical δ13C values (-22‰) were measured in marine phytoplankton biomass. δ13C and both composition and content of lignin phenols in organic matter of surface sediments collected in the study area fall in the range marked by the end members. The proportion of land derived organic matter calculated using lignin phenols, or δ13C in Gdańsk Bay were comparable, while in Puck Bay they differed substantially. It was concluded that a) in areas with substantial bottom coverage with vascular plants the two end members approach, usually employed to establish the contribution of organic matter sources, is insufficient, b) organic matter originating from three sources: riverine, phytoplankton, and vascular plants contribute to sedimentary organic matter in Puck Bay with the respective proportion 30:40:30.

2

Diurnal and seasonal DOC and POC variability in the land-locked sea

Szymczycha B., Winogradow A., Kuliński K., Koziorowska K., Pempkowiak J.

Oceanologia

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2017

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No. 59 (3)

379--388

EN

Organic matter is a minor yet important component of the marine environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the diurnal and seasonal changes in dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively). Thus, DOC and POC as well as chlorophyll a (Chl a), δ13C, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, PO43-, salinity, pH, and temperature were regularly measured in samples collected for 24 h (2-h resolution) in the Gdańsk Deep (54°44.730′N, 19°08.531′E) at three water depths (1, 10, and 40 m) during sampling campaigns in 2011 (May), 2014 (May), and 2015 (January, March, May, July, September, November). Seasonal variations in DOC and POC followed the seasonality of Chl a (proportional trend) and nutrients (reverse trend) concentrations. Diurnal oscillations were detected in six out of the eight measurement series. The strongest diurnal variability in both POC and DOC occurred in May 2011 and March 2015, when phytoplankton activity was highest (high Chl a). The surprisingly low δ13C values (range: −28‰ to −24‰) measured over the course of the study revealed the gaps in our knowledge of the isotopic characteristics of terrestrial- vs. marine-derived particulate organic matter.

3

Zmiany składu chemicznego i izotopowego (inwersja) metanu, etanu i propanu na przykładzie gazów z formacji łupkowych Barnett (basen Fort Worth) oraz Fayetteville (basen Arkoma)

Janiga M., Bieleń W.

Nafta-Gaz

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2016

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R. 72, nr 10

785--789

PL

W złożach gazu z formacji łupkowych w USA o najwyższej produktywności zazwyczaj występuje inwersja składu izotopowego węgla w metanie, etanie i propanie. Efekt roll-over polega na zmianie normalnego trendu izotopowego (δ13C–C1 < δ13C–C2 < δ13C–C3) na odwrócony (δ13C–C1 > δ13C–C2 > δ13C–C3). Przyczyny takiej inwersji nie zostały dokładnie określone; najczęstszym wytłumaczeniem jest występowanie wtórnego krakingu ropy naftowej w skale macierzystej typu łupkowego. Zumberge wraz ze współpracownikami oznaczyli skład molekularny oraz izotopowy ponad 200 próbek gazów z formacji Barnett (basen Fort Worth) oraz Fayetteville (basen Arkoma). Dojrzałość termiczna tych basenów została określona na – odpowiednio – od około 1% do 2% oraz od około 2% do 3% w skali refleksyjności witrynitu. Wyniki analiz składu gazu z formacji Barnett i Fayetteville zostały wykorzystane w tej pracy do określenia różnic w interpretacji, jakie napotyka się, stosując wzory i wykresy opracowane dla gazów konwencjonalnych do scharakteryzowania gazów niekonwencjonalnych.

EN

Inversion of the isotopic composition of carbon in methane, ethane and propane is common in the highest productivity shale formations in the United States. Roll-over effect is the reversion of normal isotopic trend fromδ13C–C1 < δ13C–C2 < δ13C–C3 to δ13C–C1 > δ13C–C2 > δ13C–C3. The reasons for this inversion have not been clarified, but the most common explanation is the presence of secondary cracking of crude oil in shale source rock. Zumberge and colleagues determined the molecular and isotopic composition of more than 200 samples of gas from the Barnett formation (Fort Worth basin) and Fayetteville formation (Arkoma basin). Thermal maturity of these basins was determined, respectively, from about 1 to 2%, and from about 2 to 3% vitrinite reflectance equivalent [9, 10]. The results of these analyzes were used to determine the differences in gas interpretation with formulas and diagrams developed for the conventional gases when used for unconventional gases.

4

The isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons – tool for polish shale gas system evaluation

Janiga M., Kania M., Matyasik I.

Nafta-Gaz

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2015

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R. 71, nr 6

370--375

EN

Carbon isotopic composition of individual hydrocarbons in gas samples can be used for interpretation and correlation purposes. On the basis of the δ13C values of methane, ethane and propane estimation of source rock (from which the gas was generated), thermal transformation degree can be performed. Analyses of chemical and isotopic composition were performed for gas samples from the degassing of cores, acquired during the drilling of two wells in the north (Baltic basin) and south (Lublin basin) of Poland. The isotopic composition of methane carbon from well A samples corresponds to the beginning of the oil window and from the well B samples corresponds to the gas window. Gases from the well located in northern Poland were generated on a considerably lower thermal maturity level of organic matter than gases from the well located in southern Poland. All data allow to state that polish shale formations are varied and natural gas compositional analyses can be helpful for proper shale gas system evaluation.

PL

Analizy składu izotopowego węgla poszczególnych węglowodorów próbek gazowych mogą być stosowane w celach interpretacyjnych oraz korelacyjnych. Na podstawie wartości δ13C metanu, etanu i propanu można szacować stopień termicznego przeobrażenia skały macierzystej, z której gaz został wygenerowany. Analizy składu chemicznego i izotopowego zostały wykonane dla próbek gazów z degazacji rdzeni pochodzących z dwóch odwiertów z południa (basen lubelski) oraz północy (basen bałtycki) Polski. Skład izotopowy węgla w metanie próbek gazów z odwiertu A – odpowiada początkowej fazie okna ropnego, a z odwiertu B – oknu gazowemu. Gaz z odwiertu zlokalizowanego na północy Polski został wygenerowany na znacząco niższym poziomie dojrzałości termicznej substancji organicznej niż gaz z południa Polski. Pozyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić duże zróżnicowanie skał łupkowych oraz przydatność tego typu analiz dla ewaluacji systemu naftowego formacji łupkowych.

5

Use of sulphur and carbon stable-isotope composition of fish scales and muscles to identify the origin of fish

Trembaczowski A.

Mineralogia

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2011

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Vol. 42, iss. 1

33--37

EN

δ34S and δ13C analyses were used to determine the origin of trout specimens. The isotope record of their scales and muscles are compared with a database previously obtained from wild- and reared fish coming from Polish rivers and pond farms. The comparison made it possible to find out whether the trout were wild or reared.

6

Oxygen isotope analysis of shark teeth phosphates from Bartonian (Eocene) deposits in Mangyshlak peninsula, Kazakhstan

Pelc A., Hałas S., Niedźwiedzki R.

Mineralogia

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2011

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Vol. 42, iss. 1

53--61

EN

We report the results of high-precision (±0.05‰) oxygen isotope analysis of phosphates in 6 teeth of fossil sharks from the Mangyshlak peninsula. This precision was achieved by the offline preparation of CO2 which was then analyzed on a dual-inlet and triple-collector IRMS. The teeth samples were separated from Middle- and Late Bartonian sediments cropping out in two locations, Usak and Kuilus. Seawater temperatures calculated from the δ18O data vary from 23–41oC. However, these temperatures are probably overestimated due to freshwater inflow. The data point at higher temperature in the Late Bartonian than in the Middle Bartonian and suggest differences in the depth habitats of the shark species studied.

7

Note on the stable isotope values of vein calcite in the El-Seboah peralkaline granite (SW Egypt)

Hassan K. M.

Mineralogia

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2011

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Vol. 42, iss. 2/3

113--120

EN

Stable isotope data for carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) are used to constrain the environments of calcite formation in two veins in the El-Seboah peralkaline granite in south-western Egypt. Vein I with calcitemagnetite-goethite-hematite-quartz, and vein II with calcite-magnetite-goethite-kaolinite-hematite-quartz are texturally distinct. The calcite of each vein has characteristic δ13C- and δ18O-values: + 0.32 and -7.28‰ for vein I and + 1.16 and - 1.21‰ for vein II, respectively. The observed differences between the δ13C values of the two veins indicate that they represent two separate systems of primary dissolved inorganic carbon formed at or near equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The δ18O values, on the other hand, indicate calcite deposition from meteoric waters which were fresh for vein I and brackish for vein II.