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1 Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

1 2020

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Nitration of γ-Cyclodextrin

Maksimowski Paweł, Janson Agnieszka

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2020

Vol. 17, no. 3

362--383

A number of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) nitration reactions were conducted with different times, temperatures and types of nitrating mixtures. The degree and yield of γ-CD nitration (γ-CDN) depended on the HNO3 concentration, the type of nitrating mixture, the nitration time and, to a lesser extent, the temperature. 100% HNO3 proved to be the finest nitrating agent. By nitrating γ-CD in this system, a degree of nitration of 1, as well as a yield of 90-99% were obtained. An examination of the properties of the resulting γ-CDN served to conclude that the density and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (friction and impact) depend on the degree of substitution of the –OH groups with –ONO2 groups. The higher the degree of γ-CD nitration, the greater the density and sensitivity to external stimuli. Thermal analysis of the γ-CDN obtained at various nitration levels demonstrated that γ-CDN with a high degree of substitution decomposes in one exothermic stage, at temperatures of approximately 184-250 °C. The lower the degree of γ-CDN nitration, the lower is the thermal effect of decomposition, with the maximum exothermic peak being shifted increasingly towards a higher temperature.