The paper aims to present the various ways of approach to the problem of inhabitancy of the Moon, that can be found in ancient sources. The scope of possible ways of describing the lunar beings - both animal and sentient ones - stretches from mythological and fantastic stories to more cautious deliberations. Fabulous tales about the Lunar inhabitants can be found in True Story by Lucianus of Samosata (ca. 120-ca. 190 AD), where we are given a detailed description of their physiology and society. More scientific are opinions in Plutarch’s (before 50-after 120 AD) treatise On the Face in the Moon. Discussion of some features of Lunar environment leads there to conclusion about possible nature of the inhabitants of the Moon. Between these two extremes there are some other notions about the inhabitancy of the Moon, usually very short, that contain elements of the mythology or fable stories (e.g. the lion of Nemea is said to have fallen from the Moon) and early scientific opinions (e.g. the Pythagorean consideration, that day on the Moon is about fifteen times longer that day on the Earth). The paper is followed by an appendix with quotations from Greek and Latin sources in original languages.
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