Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Foraging of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Forests – The Heritage of an Ancient Behaviour?

Tryjanowski P., Grzywaczewski G., Zbyryt A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2018

|

Vol. 66, nr 3

250--256

EN

The white stork Ciconia ciconia is a typical open-area species, foraging mainly in farmland and wetland areas. The main aim of this paper was to describe the foraging ecology of white storks inside un-typical habitat, i.e. forests in Poland. Data on white stork feeding in forests were based on responses to questionnaires distributed to several national mailing lists with a total of 1700 (16% subscribers) and via emails to naturalists (mainly to white stork researchers). In total 63 observations, from the years 2000-2015, were collected, mainly from eastern Poland. In all cases, only a single adult individual was recorded inside the forest, with a mean (±SD) distance to the forest edge of 50 ± 102 m (n = 597) and 1315 ± 1015 m (n = 63) to the nearest white stork nest. Birds foraging inside forests were recorded from late May to mid-August, but the greatest numbers were seen during June. The main prey was a lizard, the slow-worm Anguis fragilis, with a maximum of 10 individuals collected by a stork during one foraging session. We discuss the origin of the observed foraging behaviour, noting that the species is flexible and opportunistic in terms of consumed food. The observed foraging is probably similar to the original behaviour of the species within primeval forest, although food opportunism helps the white stork to use new foraging areas, for example landfills.

2

Foraging strategy of plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi thomas) when collecting food for winter caches

Xie J.-X., Lin G.-H., Zhang T.-Z., Su J. P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 1

173--182

EN

Subterranean life style is characterized by limited food resource and energy consuming burrow behavior. Subterranean rodents are usually recognized as dietary generalists. In the current study, we investigated the species composition of winter caches of plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi), and the dissimilarity of species composition in caches and in the vicinity of the burrows. We have made our research in Kobresia dominated vegetation at the altitude 3200 m a.s.l. We used the non-parametric method to test the similarities between the relative dry mass of the plant species within caches and their closed vicinity. This method was based on measures of distance between pairs of individual multivariate observations. Our results revealed that although plateau zokors cached most (60) of the plant species found in the vicinity of their burrow systems (66), the cached dry mass was dominated by a few species. Nine plant species accounted for 80% dry mass of plants present in zokors’ caches, Polygonum viviparum (50%) and other perennial poisonous forbs constitute 70% dry mass of the caches. Results showed that the dissimilarity between the relative dry mass of plant species within caches and in their vicinity was extremely significant (for Bray-Curtis distance measure, R = 0.355, P = 0.000; for Euclidean distance measure R =0.319, P =0.000). These results showed that plateau zokors don’t forage randomly when collecting food for winter caches. We suppose that rather than using a non-selective foraging strategy by dealing with high fiber-content plants, plateau zokors have forged another dietary strategy to meet the energy demands in the evolutionary process: to deal with poisonous forbs.

3

Non-prey items in stomachs of Alpine newts (Mesotriton alpestris, Laurenti)

Kopecky O., Vojar J., Susta F., Rehak I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 3

631-635

EN

Though newts are exclusively carnivorous predators, non-prey items (silt, plants, skin sloughs) also have been found in their stomachs. There are no previous studies on this topic apart from casual reports. We conducted a dietary study of Alpine newts (Mesotriton alpestris) at two localities in the Czech Republic, focusing on the influence of sex, locality, month, and weight of digested prey on consumption of non-prey items. Localities were two fishless ponds (surface area <40 m2, depth <1 m) at an elevation of about 450 m. Both ponds were isolated from other water bodies and inhabited also by Smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris L.) and Common frogs (Rana temporaria L.). Newts were captured by net from the shores and stomach contents were extracted using a stomach flushing technique. We sampled 190 individuals. At least one non-prey item (i.e. silt, plants, skin sloughs) was found in 44% of newts. stomachs. The most numerous items were plant fragments. The weight of consumed prey did not affect the presence of non-prey items in stomachs of newts. Locality (probably relating to prey availability) affected frequency of newts with plants and silt in their digestive tracts, but skin sloughs were consumed at both localities with the same frequencies. All non-prey items were consumed mainly at the beginning of the breeding season (year 1997) and with no difference in frequencies between males and females.

4

Wpływ uprawy współrzędnej bobu odmiany windsor biały z wybranymi ziołami na dynamikę żerowania oprzędzików (Sitona sp.)

Gospodarek J., Gleń K., Boligłowa E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2011

|

Vol. 56, nr 3

117-121

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu kopru włoskiego oraz kolendry siewnej uprawianej współrzędnie z bobem (Vicia faba L.) na stopień uszkodzenia liści i brodawek korzeniowych przez oprzędziki Sitona sp. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w latach 2009 - 2010 w Stacji Doświadczalnej - Prusy należącej do Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie. Obserwacje prowadzono na bobie (Vicia faba L.) odmiany Windsor Biały uprawianym w siewie czystym (kontrola) oraz współrzędnie z kolendrą siewną (Coriandrum sativum L.) lub z koprem włoskim (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu zastosowanych roślin współrzędnych na stopień uszkodzenia brodawek korzeniowych przez larwy Sitona sp. Wpływ kolendry i kopru na żerowanie postaci dorosłych był niejednoznaczny. Uprawa bobu współrzędnie z kolendrą siewną w 2009 roku przyczyniała się do ograniczenia odsetku liści uszkodzonych przez chrząszcze w początkowym okresie ich żerowania, natomiast w 2010 roku w późniejszym okresie żerowania chrząszczy przyczyniała się do wzrostu liczby uszkodzonych liści, powierzchni wyżerek oraz w rezultacie tego ubytku blaszki liściowej. Różnice pomiędzy sezonami 2009 i 2010 mogły być spowodowane odmiennymi warunkami pogodowymi. Obfite i częste opady deszczu w roku 2010 hamowały żerowanie szkodników i mogły także modyfikować efekt wynikający z sąsiedztwa rośliny uprawianej współrzędnie.

EN

The investigations were conducted to determine the effect of fennel and coriander intercropping with broad bean (Vicia faba L.) on the degree of leaf and verruca injuries by Sitona sp. beetles. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2010 at the Prusy Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow. The observations were conducted on broad bean (Vicia faba L.), White Windsor c.v. cultivated as pure culture (Control) and intercropped with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) or fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). No significant effect of the applied intercropped plants was registered on the degree of verruca injuries due to Sitona sp. larvae. The influence of coriander and fennel on feeding of the adult specimens was ambiguous. In 2009 broad bean intercropped with coriander contributed to limiting the percentage of leaves injured by the beetles in the initial period of their feeding, whereas in 2010, in the later period of beetles' feeding it contributed to the increase in the number of injured leaves, consumed area and resulting leaf blade loss. Differences between the 2009 and 2010 seasons might have been due to different weather conditions. Heavy and frequent rainfall in 2010 inhibited pest feeding and might have also modified the effect resulting from the vicinity if intercropped plant.

5

Nest survival in a large river valley: an experiment using artificial nests on an island and bank of Vistula River (Poland)

Żmihorski M., Lewtak J., Brzeziński M., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

Vol. 58, nr 1

197-203

EN

Predation pressure, which varies among habitats, is important factor for selection of nesting sites by birds. We investigated artificial nest depredation on an island 23 ha in size and on the river bank covered by willow-poplar forest and meadows in the middle Vistula river valley, in the spring and autumn 2006. We used polyurethane thrush-size nests placed at three heights (ground, bush and tree) with one quail egg. Each nest was checked twice, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of the experiment, in total 381 nest-inspections was included. Additionally, we live-trapped rodents (data from 510 trapnights included) which are potential predators of broods. We found that the survival rate of artificial nests was higher on the island as compared to the bank. Artificial nests placed on the ground revealed the higher survival rate than the nests placed on trees and bushes. Nest survival rate was higher in the autumn than in the spring. Repeatability of the results (survived vs. depredated) for the first and second 7-day period was high but lower on the island as compared to the bank. The abundance of rodents was higher on the bank during the spring, but no difference was recorded in the autumn. Rodents were also more abundant in the autumn than in the spring. This may indicate that survival rates of nests were not affected by rodents directly.

6

Zastosowanie akwizycji obrazu do szacowania strat w uprawie ziemniaka

Rut J., Szwedziak K.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

|

2008

|

R. 12, nr 7(105)

179-184

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie akwizycji obrazu do procentowego określenia strat występujących w uprawach rolnych powodowanych przez szkodniki. Do badań wykorzystano uszkodzenia liści ziemniaka na których badano wyżery spowodowane przez szkodniki stonki ziemniaczanej przez okres 14 dni. W czasie prowadzonych badań zanotowano żerowanie larw stonki oraz żerowanie osobników dorosłych.

EN

In the article exploiting soliciting customs of the image for percentage determining bereavements appearing in agrarian nurseries caused was described through vermin. Damaging leaves of the potato on which caused losses were being examined was used for examinations through vermin, for the period of 14 days. During conducted examinations preying of larvae of the Colorado beetle and preying of adult individuals were also noted.