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EN
Monitoring of undesirable substances by the European Union indicates a presence of natural and anthropogenic pollutants in animal feed that may be of concern for the producers, as well as the veterinary services. Although the literature concerning toxicity of DDT (an insecticide widely used in the past) is extensive, less attention has been focused on the biological properties of DDE and its interactions with other contaminants. This study reports on the concentration profile of p,p’-DDE and two other ogranochlorines (p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD) in different tissues of immature gilts after 14, 28, and 42 days of oral exposure to p,p’-DDE alone (0.5mg·kg-1feed·day-1) and in mixture with naturally occurring mycotoxin zearalenone, ZEN (0.5+0.1mg·kg-1feed·day-1). The treatment resulted in a time-dependent accumulation of p,p’-DDE in fat-rich tissues. Although the pesticide’s concentration found in the adipose tissue exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum residue limit (5mg·kg-1 of fat), human dietary risk is little, as it requires a substantial consumption of such contaminated pork fat. Importantly, the high concentration of p,p’-DDE found in the adrenal glands suggests a threat to the animals’ health. Finally, a difference in the accumulation of p,p’-DDE was observed between the groups treated with this compound alone or in mixture with ZEN. This is most likely related to growth performance of the animals, altered by the endocrine disrupting activity of both compounds. Further research should evaluate the effects of p,p-DDE at the observed concentrations on the pigs’ health status and enable the studies of possible interactions with other environmental pollutants.
PL
Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że straty azotu z gnojowicy trzody chlewnej zależą od temperatury, osiągając po 16 dniowej inkubacji 16% i 48%, odpowiednio w t = 10°C i 18°C. Wodna zawiesina kredy, dodana do gnojowicy, w dawce 160 cm3/l, pozwoliła zmniejszyć straty, odpowiednio do 2% i 20%. Ochronne działanie kredy można wytłumaczyć wystąpieniem serii procesów zdefiniowanych jako efekt zwrotny hydrolizy węglanu wapnia.
EN
Conducted study revealed that the losses of total nitrogen (N1) from pig slurry depend on the temperature, reaching after 16 days of incubation 16% and 48% at t = 10 and 18 deg C, respectively. Water chalk suspension added to pig slurry at the rate of 160 cm3/l enabled to reduce the total nitrogen losses down to 2% and 20%, respectively. The protective effect of this additive may be explained by the occurrence of a series of processes defined as the turning effect of calcium carbonate hydrolysis.
PL
Badania przeprowadzono w tuczarni segmentowej trzody chlewnej na głębokiej ściółce, w okresie od 1.04.1998 r. do 31.03.2001 r. Porównano temperaturę i wilgotność względną powietrza w tuczarni dla tuczników w wieku 2, 3, 4 i 5 miesięcy. Stwierdzono, że temperatura i wilgotność względna powietrza w tuczarni zależą od wieku tuczników i od pory roku.
EN
The experiments were carried out from 01.04.1998 to 3.1.03.2001 in a segmental piggery building with a deep litter. Temperature and relative humidity of air in a piggery were compared for pigs 2, 3, 4 and 5 months old. It was found that temperature and relative humidity of air in a piggery depends on age of pigs and season of year.
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